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1.
广东大宝山矿区植物对重金属的富集特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对大宝山矿区自然定居和人工种植的13种优势植物根际土壤污染状况及其对重金属的富集特征进行研究.结果表明,大宝山矿区土壤受重金属Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu污染,其中以Cd、Cu的污染最为严重.在调查的13种优势植物中,铺地黍地上部分的Pb含量达到1 214.00 mg/kg,泡桐叶中Cu含量达到1 024.80mg/kg,超过了Pb和Cu超富集植物含量的临界值(1 000 mg/kg);其运转系数分别为1.77.13.74,都大于1.0,符合超富集植物的标准,表明铺地黍可能是Pb的超富集植物,泡桐可能是Cu的超富集植物.除铺地綦、泡桐外,其他11种优势植物的重金属吸收能力没有达到超富集植物的标准,但它们能在此区域定居,表现出对重金属有较强的耐性,其中象草、纤毛鸭嘴草、芒萁、五节芒、马尾松对重金属复合污染胁迫的耐性较强,可作为大宝山矿植被重建的先锋物种. 相似文献
2.
为评价土法炼锌废渣堆场上自然着生的优势植物对废渣团聚体中重金属的控制效应及生态修复效果,以废渣堆场上已自然定居且生长茂盛的本土植物土荆芥(Chenopodium ambrosioides L.)和大叶醉鱼草(Buddleja davidii Franch.)为研究对象,以未经修复的空白废渣为对照,分析这2种优势植物对根际、非根际废渣内不同粒径团聚体中主要养分(氮、磷、有机质)和主要重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd)赋存形态及含量分布的影响。结果表明:土法炼锌废渣堆场上自然着生的2种优势植物对根际与非根际不同粒径炼锌废渣的主要养分含量具有显著影响,且不同种类植物参与对根际与非根际废渣中有机质的贡献明显不同。养分在粒径<1 mm的团聚体废渣中分布含量较高,除大叶醉鱼草非根际废渣中的总氮含量低于对照废渣外,植物影响下的各粒径团聚体中的养分含量总体高于对照废渣。优势植物生长明显影响炼锌废渣中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等主要重金属在不同粒径废渣中的含量分布及赋存特征,Cu和Cd主要分布在粒径<0.25,0.25~0.5,0.5~1 mm团聚体中,Zn主要分布在粒径<0.25,2~5 mm团聚体中,Pb则在0.25~5 mm的4种不同粒径团聚体中含量分别达最高;且其降低了各粒径废渣团聚体中Cu、Pb含量,对粒径>5 mm团聚体中的Cd含量有一定的提高作用,其中,2种优势植物影响下的粒径<5 mm团聚体中的酸可溶解态Cu、Pb、Zn的比例明显降低,而残渣态Zn和酸可溶解态Cd的比例有所提升。主成分分析结果表明,2种优势植物对根际和非根际粒径<5 mm团聚体中的养分、Zn全量及酸可溶解态Cd含量贡献率高,但对粒径>5 mm团聚体中的养分影响不大。综上,自然定居且繁茂生长的土荆芥和大叶醉鱼草可显著改善铅锌冶炼废渣中的养分状况,同时可有效减小废渣中重金属Cu、Pb、Zn对环境生态的潜在风险,开展铅锌冶炼废渣堆场水土保持及生态修复相关工作时可优选这2种植物作为先锋植物。 相似文献
3.
煤矸石山优势植物对重金属吸收及富集特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
对六盘水市某煤矿煤矸石山14种优势植物根际土壤污染状况以及对重金属吸收与富集特征进行研究。结果表明:煤矸石风化土壤中重金属Zn、Cu、Cd和Pb有明显积累,Cd的污染最为严重。对各种植物体内的重金属含量分析发现,地上部分中Cu、Pb含量最高的植物为假酸浆,分别为46.79,12.56mg/kg;Zn含量最高的植物是酸模叶蓼,为60.97mg/kg;Cd含量最高的植物是龙葵,为1.84mg/kg。对转移系数和富集系数分析发现,鬼针草、千里光、龙葵、醉鱼草艾蒿和野棉花对Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb具有较强转移能力;假酸浆的地上部分对Cd的富集系数最高,为1.28;假酸浆的地下部分对重金属Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb的富集系数也较高,分别为1.83,0.90,3.20,1.96。因此,假酸浆可作为煤矸石风化土植被恢复的植物,同时也可用于重金属污染土壤的修复植物。 相似文献
4.
河道公路绿化植物毛白杨对重金属元素的吸收与分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对保定市河道公路不同年龄毛白杨Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni含量进行了研究,并测定了毛白杨根际土壤重金属含量.结果表明:土壤Cd污染严重.整体上3 a生的毛白杨吸收重金属的能力大于5 a生和10 a生的毛白杨,并且重金属含量呈现Zn>Cu>CA>Cr>Pb>Ni的规律.毛白杨吸收的重金属表现为叶、根部和树皮较大,枝和树干较小的基本趋势.Pb,Cr,Zn,Ni重金属转移能力随着年龄的增加而降低.Cd的转移系数随着年龄的增加呈现增加的趋势.年龄较小的毛白杨具有较高的富集系数.毛白杨富集Pb,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni的能力较差,但具有较强的Cd富集能力.Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn富集系数叶部较大,但Cr,Ni富集系数树皮较大. 相似文献
5.
6.
超积累植物东南景天根际土壤酶活性研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
通过野外调查和盆栽试验研究了超积累植物东南景天根际土壤酶活性变化及其与重金属有效态的关系。研究结果表明,在矿山土壤、重度污染土壤和轻度污染土壤上,种植超积累生态型东南景天后,根际土壤有效态Zn分别比非根际减少了14.3%,7.9%和47.4%,有效态Cd分别比非根际减少25.1%,21.9%和20%。在铅锌矿区,东南景天生长地段土壤蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶活性高于其它植物生长地段。在矿山土壤和重度污染土壤中,超积累生态型东南景天根际土壤酶活性明显高于非根际土壤,同时也高于非超积累生态型根际土壤。Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu4种重金属对东南景天根际土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶活性均有抑制作用,而Pb对磷酸酶有一定的刺激作用。东南景天根际土壤脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活性与重金属有效态含量呈极显著相关。 相似文献
7.
《水土保持学报》2014,(2)
以草海流域不同功能区土壤及优势植物为研究对象,对比研究草海流域不同功能区土壤与植物中As、Cd、Cu、Cr、Pb和Zn 6种重金属的污染程度及其在土壤-植物系统中的迁移、富集特征。结果表明:草海流域4个功能区受到Cd和Zn的污染较为严重,As为轻度污染,Cr、Cu、Pb和As各个功能区污染程度不同;不同植物体内重金属含量差异显著,同种植物不同部位重金属规律为:根茎叶;7种优势植物中迁移特征和富集系数差别较大,只有狐尾藻对重金属Cu的富集系数大于1,其余植物对6种重金属的富集系数均小于1,可将狐尾藻作为草海流域典型的重金属耐性先锋植物;植物Cr和土壤Cr成极显著正相关,植物Zn和土壤Zn成显著正相关,植物Cd和土壤Zn成极显著正相关。 相似文献
8.
南京栖霞重金属污染区植物富集重金属效应及其根际微生物特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以南京栖霞重金属污染区5种植物及其根际土壤为研究对象,对植物富集重金属特征以及重金属含量与根际土壤细菌数量、土壤酶活性等的相关性进行了调查分析。结果发现,植物根际重金属污染物以Zn和Cd为主;重金属污染地区的植物有较强的吸收重金属能力,龙葵和茼草具备了超积累植物的基本特征;植物根际细菌和Pb抗性细菌的数量达到了107CFU g-1土;根际土壤酶活性未受到重金属的毒害或受到的毒害很小;植物体中重金属含量与土壤重金属含量及其存在状态、土壤酶、土壤重金属抗性细菌有显著的正相关性。根际土壤细菌尤其是具有重金属抗性的活性细菌可能会促进土壤重金属的活化,由此促进植物体对重金属的吸收和转运。 相似文献
9.
重金属污染土壤的植物修复研究Ⅰ.金属富集植物Brassica juncea对铜、锌、镉、铅污染的响应 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
用来修复污染土壤的理想植物应具有高的生物量并能忍耐和积累污染物.印度芥菜(Brassica juncea)能富集多种重金属且生物量较大.本文研究了Zn、Cd、Cu、Pb 4种重金属对印度芥菜生长的影响,特别是重金属对印度芥菜地上部生物量的影响.结果表明,在含Cu 250 mg/kg、Pb 500mg/kg或Zn 500mg/kg的污染土壤上,印度芥菜能够忍耐,正常生长.印度芥菜在含Cd 200 mg/kg的土壤上发生镉毒而出现失绿黄化症状,Cd与中等浓度的Zn、Cu、Pb共存时毒害更为严重.这种植物适合Cu、Zn、Pb中等污染土壤的修复. 相似文献
10.
株洲霞湾港域乡土植物及其根际土壤重金属蓄积特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过采样调查,对株洲霞湾港域9种乡土植物及其根际土壤的重金属含量进行研究,并对比分析植物对Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn的吸收、转运和富集特征.结果表明:该港域土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn的含量均超过国家土壤环境质量三级标准,存在严重的复合污染.采集的9种植物均对污染表现出一定的耐受性,且不同植物对重金属的吸收和转运表现出较大差异性,根据其生物富集系数和转运系数,大致可分为三类.广玉兰、何首乌、珊瑚树和野芋为富集型植物,适合种植于港堤附近的农田边、厂区;小叶女贞为根部囤积型植物,黄独、蓖麻、小构树和薏米为规避型植物,适合种植于荒地等利用价值低的地区. 相似文献
11.
Effect of vegetation manipulation of abandoned arable land on soil microbial properties 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. Malý G. W. Korthals C. Van Dijk W. H. Van der Putten W. De Boer 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,31(2):121-127
The effect of vegetation composition on various soil microbial properties in abandoned arable land was investigated 2 years
after agricultural practice had terminated. Microbial numbers and processes were determined in five replicate plots of each
of the following treatments: continued agricultural practice (monoculture of buckwheat in 1997), natural colonization by the
pioneer community (arable weeds), and manipulated colonization from low (four species, three functional groups: grasses, forbs
and legumes) or high diversity (15 species, three functional groups) seed mixtures from plant species that are characteristic
of abandoned fields in later successional stages. The results indicated that differences in above-ground plant biomass, plant
species composition and plant species diversity had no significant effect on soil microbial processes (net N mineralization,
short-term nitrification, respiration and Arg ammonification), microbial biomass C and N (fumigation-incubation) or colony-forming
units of the major microbial groups. Hence, there were no indications that soil microbial processes responded differently
within 2 years of colonization of abandoned arable land by later successional plants as compared to that by plants from the
natural pioneer weed community. Therefore, it seems that during the first few years after arable field abandonment, plants
are more dependent on the prevailing soil microbiological conditions than vice versa.
Received: 8 April 1999 相似文献
12.
James Tsz‐Fung Wong Xun‐Wen Chen Wing‐Yin Mo Yu‐Bon Man Charles Wang‐Wai Ng Ming‐Hung Wong 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(3):490-499
This study was conducted in the South East New Territories landfill in Hong Kong, with the objectives to (i) investigate the plant and animal communities' establishment and performance within 10 years after restoration and (ii) provide important information on pioneer plants species selection recommendations for restoring sanitary landfills. The studying sites were re‐vegetated in 2003, with 14 pioneer plant species, including Acacia auriculiformis, A. confusa and Schefflera heptaphylla, planted. In total, four permanent quadrats (10 m × 10 m) were used for monitoring at three restored sites (sites E, N and S) and the control site C. The soil properties and plant and animal communities inside plots were investigated annually in summer and winter between 2003 and 2014. The similarity of plant and animal communities between the restored and control sites was compared using Jaccard's index. Ten years after restoration, animal and plant communities were gradually established at all sites. No animal was introduced into the restored sites in 2003; however, there were 29, 31 and 44 animal species recorded at sites E, N and S, respectively, between 2003 and 2012. Within the studying period, 38 plant species (trees: 52·63%, shrub: 21·05%, herbs: 23·68% and climber: 2·63%) were recorded in all sites and 17 (36·84%) of them were self‐seeding. Exotic species, such as those from the family Acacia and Mimosaceae, were dominant at all restored sites, which implies that exotic species are more competitive and suitable to be used as pioneer species in sanitary landfill restoration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
Ming Hung Wong Yuk Sing Gilbert Chan Chaosheng Zhang Charles Wang‐Wai Ng 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(3):500-510
This study dealt with a restoration project conducted at South‐East New Territories Landfill in Hong Kong, in order to screen suitable tree and shrub species (both native and pioneer species) for revegetation. For engineered landfills, landfill gas migration and leachate contamination to the topsoil are rarely problematic, but the lack of nutrients and moisture and poor physical soil conditions may jeopardize potential woodland establishment. The growth performance of 25 woody plant species subjected to 12 different soil amelioration and seedlings planting methods was compared. The results showed that the general performance (mortality rate, apical height, crown diameter and basal diameter) of pioneer species (notably Acacia species) was much better than that of native species in all blocks of woodland mix and scrub mix. The notch planting method was effective in helping seedling roots to have better contact with soil for water uptake, which subsequently increased the survival rates of seedlings, leading to a better tree coverage. Soil ameliorations (horticultural soil with fertilizer and horse and pig manure) generally increased the seedling survival rate and improved plant growth. Tree coverage on all the plant trial blocks was mainly established by the three Acacia species. A planting distance of 1 m was recommended for woodland establishment, and such dense seedlings planting would achieve a better tree coverage under a shorter period of time (than the distance of 3 m). Difficulties in woodland establishment were discussed, and the strategies for achieving a better tree growth were recommended. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
山体滑坡是卧龙自然保护区常见自然灾害,多由山区大雨或地震灾害引起。利用样方法对11个卧龙自然保护区滑坡山体自然恢复5 a后的植被进行调查,并选取一个人工恢复样地为对照,研究滑坡区域次生群落的物种组成、区系成分和先锋物种。调查区域内分布有植物44科103属119种,其中灌木29种,草本90种,包括卧龙植物普查未发现的新记录植物18种。被子植物在科、属、种数均占绝对优势。区系成分分析显示植被自然恢复早期的39科种子植物分属5种地理成分,以世界广布的科数量最多;同时对作为区系地理分类依据“属”的分析显示,98属种子植物可划分为11种分布类型,其中温带分布类型的属占非世界分布属数的90.91%,说明调查区域植被具有温带性质。自然恢复样地的群落结构和物种丰富度明显优于人工恢复样地,通过重要值计算确定不同自然恢复边坡灌木层和草本层优势先锋物种,为卧龙未来滑坡山体人工植被恢复的本地物种选择提供科学依据。 相似文献
15.
Irene Sánchez-Gallen Francisco Javier Álvarez-Sánchez 《Biological conservation》2010,143(9):2111-2118
We characterized the tree seedling community within seven forest fragments of different size (3-640 ha) at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. We considered individual density, species richness, diversity, composition and functional group (shade tolerant, non-pioneer-light demander and pioneer species). We recorded 8038 individuals, belonging to 128 species and 40 morphospecies. Overall, shade-tolerant species had the highest density and diversity followed by non-pioneer-light demanders and pioneer species. Mean individual density per plot was not related to fragment size, but mean species richness per plot, total observed species richness and diversity were inversely related to fragment size, with the smallest fragments having the highest values. Species composition comparisons highlighted low similarity among fragments. Furthermore, larger fragments shared more species with the smallest fragments than between each other. Our results show that the largest fragments do not always hold the highest species richness; that small fragments comprise of high seedling species diversity, and represent a high regeneration potential for tree native species in the study landscape. 相似文献
16.
ZHANG Jun-bin LIANG Da-qing YE Xu-rong 《水土保持研究》2005,12(5):146-148,158
Forest plant roots may restrain the occurrence of shallow landslides for forest land and pioneer tree species can also reduce runoff and soil erosion;thus they are useful practical ecological materials for landslide control and erosion control. In this study, two important pioneer plant species ; Formosan Alder （Alnus formosana Makino） and Roxburgh Sumac （Rhus chinensis Mill. Var, roxburghi i（DC. ） Rehd. ） were selected at landslide areas under vegetation treatments for soil and water conservation. In order to obtain the root strength model for the factors affecting pulling resistance and root tensile strength, experimental materials were tested and the data were analyzed using regression techniques. These models could be used to provide the index of slope stability and to quantify the root-strength using non-destructive methods. 相似文献
17.
The development of communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was investigated in the subalpine foreland of the glacier Morteratsch located at approx. 1900–2100 m a.s.l. near Pontresina (Engiadin’ Ota, Switzerland). In particular, we asked if the succession of AMF communities follows or precedes the primary plant succession, and we checked the mycorrhizal status of the pioneer plant Epilobium fleischeri. Soil samples were taken at pioneer and dense grassland sites established during the last hundred years representing different periods of glacier retreat: 1875–1900, 1940–1950, 1970–1980 and 1990–2000. Extraradical hyphal length densities and AMF spore populations were analyzed in soil samples. Spore formation and mycorrhizal root colonization were monitored in trap cultures grown on Trifolium pratense, Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata and Hieracium pilosella or on E. fleischeri over 14 months. We found that E. fleischeri is strongly arbuscular mycorrhizal, but plants in closest distance to the glacier (glacier retreat in the last 4–6 years before sampling) were non-mycorrhizal. Spore densities and root colonization in trap cultures were generally low in samples from glacier stage 1990–2000. Highest spore density and colonization were found for the sites ice-free since 1970–1980, whilst highest AMF species richness and hyphal length densities were found at the sites ice-free since 1875–1900. Our findings show an establishment of a few AMF pioneer species (e.g. Diversispora versiformis and Acaulospora punctata) within 5–10 years and species rich AMF communities at sites ice-free for 100 years (28 species). Their succession generally follows the succession of the plant communities. We conclude that AMF pioneer species might be mainly distributed by wind transport while other AMF fungi (e.g. Glomus rubiforme and Glomus aureum) rather need a below-ground hyphal network to invade new areas. 相似文献
18.
南京幕府山矿区废弃地自然恢复植被的构树种群及其伴生树种生态位研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以南京幕府山矿区废弃地自然恢复的植被优势种群为对象，对构树及其伴生树种的生态位宽度和生态位重叠进行了研究。结果表明：研究的9个树种的生态位总体比较接近，都有比较宽的生态位，从群落形成的时间分析，这些树种是在矿区废弃地上的先锋树种，对废弃地有较强的适应能力。因此，在人工恢复这一地区矿区废弃地植被时，可以选用这些树种。构树的生态位较宽。而其与其他树种的生态位重叠却不是很大，构树在一定时期内，还是矿区废弃地上植物群落的最主要的优势树种，是矿区废弃地最适应的树种之一，可以作为本地区矿区废弃地植被恢复的首选树种。 相似文献
19.
[目的]探索震损边坡林业治山工程后修复坡面不同季相、坡位等因素造成的土壤理化性质的差异,为评估边坡植被修复工程效果和指导工程因地制宜的管护方法提供理论依据。[方法]根据常规森林土壤测定方法对四川省北川县擂鼓镇震后边坡治理坡面检测土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性,并调查草本植物情况,解析土壤理化性质和酶活性时空变化与植被恢复效果的关系。[结果]土壤养分状况和植被恢复情况对季相和坡位响应不明显,与未受损自然边坡差异显著,表现出了微弱的向好趋势。[结论]在目前治理技术和养护条件下,土壤养分状况的改善与植被修复情况相辅相成,在后期管护过程中,要注意引导当地居民观念,减少无关人为干扰;适时监测工程固持水土能力;计划性补种植物并对经济作物种植区施放有机肥等,以促进坡面生态系统恢复。 相似文献
20.
Root exudates and litter are the main sources of inputs of labile carbon into the microbial pool in successional ecosystems. Here we studied whether typical pioneer species (Eriophorum vaginatum, Eriophorum angustifolium and Calluna vulgaris) alter the functional response of the microbial community of a previously cutover peatland. Peat was sampled at three depths (0–5, 20–25 and 40–45 cm) from beneath these species and from bare soil areas. MicroResp analysis using ecologically relevant, radiolabelled, carbon sources showed significant separation in community level physiological profiles (CLPP) of soil microorganisms according to peat depth. This effect was also reflected in microbial biomass carbon, which also decreased with increasing depth. Furthermore, distinct differences in CLPP were observed between the three plant species and the bare soil in the absence of an effect on microbial biomass carbon or total soil carbon. The plant species effects were driven by differential utilisation of xylose, glutamic acid, lysine and phenylethylamine. The data suggest that ‘new’ carbon inputs from plants colonising abandoned cutover peatland may support communities of microorganisms that have functionally distinct roles in carbon turnover. 相似文献