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1.
患鳠锥体虫病大鳍鳠的血液学和组织学观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用血液学和组织学研究了鳠锥体虫病对大鳍鳠(Mystus macropterus)外周血及部分组织器官(鳃、肝脏、肾脏、头肾及脾脏)造成的病理变化。结果显示:在感染的的早期和中期,有虫组的红细胞(RBC)数量和血红蛋白含量(Hb)均有所下降,白细胞(WBC)数目增多,但在感染末期个体三者均显著下降,并且白细胞血式发生改变。各项血清指标显示有虫组的肝脏、肾脏出现一定程度的损伤,感染末期个体损伤较严重。组织切片观察显示,鳠锥体虫病能使大鳍鳠的血液、肝脏、肾脏、头肾和脾脏均发生不同程度的病理变化,主要表现为局部鳃丝断裂、出血;肾脏、头肾和脾脏出现不同程度充血,肝细胞呈水样变性,感染末期个体的肾脏、肝脏等出现细胞空泡化。 相似文献
2.
Protective effects of basil (Ocimum basilicum) ethanolic extract supplementation diets against experimental Aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) 
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下载免费PDF全文 This study evaluated the effects of basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves extract supplement on growth, blood parameters and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Basil leaves were mixed thoroughly with feed at 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg kg?1 of diet and were fed in triplicate group for 2 months. At the end of this period, growth performance and survival were determined. Then fish were challenged intraperitoneally with A. hydrophila and mortalities were recorded up to 10 days post challenge. Results indicated that WBC, RBC, Ht, Hb, total protein, albumin and globulin were higher (P < 0.05) in fish fed diets containing O. basilicum compared with the control. Highest specific growth rate values were observed in 400 mg kg?1 group. Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in fingerlings fed 400 and 800 mg O. basilicum kg?1 dry diet. After 10 days post challenge, total protein, WBC, RBC and Hb were significantly higher in 400 mg kg?1 compared with other groups. These results reveal that a dietary O. basilicum leaves extract of 400 mg kg?1 fed for 60 days leads to increased growth performance and survival rate as well as improved feeding efficiency in common carp fingerlings rendering them more resistant against infection by A. hydrophila. 相似文献
3.
不同溶氧条件下黄颡鱼免疫机能及抗病力的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
研究了水温(28.4±1.0)℃时不同溶氧条件下(A组:(2.28±0.56)mg/L;B组:(4.04±0.38)mg/L;C组:(6.51±0.64)mg/L;D组:(9.11±1.24)mg/L)饲养8周后,黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)的免疫机能及对嗜水气单胞菌(Aerom onas hydrophila)的抗病力。结果显示:A组脾脏系数、吞噬百分率极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01),淋巴细胞转化率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05),红细胞数(RBC)显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),白细胞数(WBC)显著高于C、D两组(P<0.05);B组脾脏系数极显著低于C、D两组(P<0.01),吞噬百分率和淋巴细胞转化率显著低于C、D两组(P<0.05),攻毒1周后,A组受试鱼累积死亡率显著高于B组(P<0.05),极显著高于C、D两组(P<0.01)。表明慢性低氧胁迫抑制了黄颡鱼免疫机能。饲养8周后各组黄颡鱼血清皮质醇水平和溶菌酶活力差异均不显著(P>0.05),表明这两个指标不宜作为鱼类慢性胁迫中的应激信号。 相似文献
4.
J. &#;EHULKA 《Aquaculture Research》1989,20(3):295-310
Abstract. Kurasan and BHT were tested at doses of 100, 200 and 400mg kg-1 incorporated in dry pellets. The administration of these antioxidants did not influence the red blood count of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, at body weights of 100 to 400g, reared in flow-through tanks at water temperatures of 7 to 13°C and in cage culture at water temperatures of 15 to 2O°C. In laboratory experiments at a water temperature of 14°C, the highest Kurasan dose increased the red blood cell (RBC) count insignificantly by 14% (1.06 vs 0.93 1012 1-1 ) after 80 days, haematocrit (PCV) was increased by 27% (0.410 vs 0.32511-1 ), and haemoglobin (Hb) by 16% (72 vs 62gl-1 ), This was seen in the cage culture experiment, but not in the experiments in the flow-through tanks. A trend of diminishing haematological parameters of the red blood count and total blood serum protein (TP) of the fish fed with BHT-stabilized diet was recorded only under laboratory conditions at the water temperature 9°C, The decline of RBC count in the experimental group with 0.04% BHT represented 14% (0.90 vs 1.05 1012 1-1 ), the decline in PCV amounted to 18% (0.328 vs 0.39811-1 ), Hb to 17% (57 vs 69g 1-1 ), and TP to 11% (39 vs 44g 1-1 ). 相似文献
5.
对三倍体和二倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的红细胞大小(长、短径值和体积)、形态及部分血液指标(红细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、红细胞脆性和白细胞数)进行了比较。结果表明:三倍体虹鳟红细胞体积与二倍体比值为1.51∶1,细胞核大小与二倍体比值为1.49∶1,与理论值(1.5∶1)比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。二倍体红细胞短径/长径比值为0.63,呈现出椭圆形;三倍体红细胞短径/长径比值为0.60,呈现出明显的长椭圆形,并有19%的红细胞有哑铃形或分裂的细胞核,这可作为区别二倍体鱼类的一个重要鉴定标志。三倍体虹鳟的红细胞数、红细胞压积和红细胞脆性明显小于二倍体(P<0.05),而血红蛋白与白细胞数与二倍体比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。 相似文献
6.
Edwardsiella ictaluri is a primary bacterial pathogen of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and the causative agent of enteric septicaemia of catfish . Edwardsiella ictaluri is known to gain entry to the host by infection of the nares, gastrointestinal tract, and gills, and to disseminate to organs via an as yet uncharacterized acute bacteraemia. In this study, fluorescent microscopy showed E. ictaluri on the gill within 5 min of immersion challenge and E. ictaluri could also be isolated from the circulation within 5 min. When removed to clean water, catfish cleared circulating bacteria within 15 min and the blood remained free of E. ictaluri until its reappearance at the 12 h post-infection sampling. However, Aeromonas hydrophila , the aetiological agent of motile aeromonad septicaemia, appeared within the circulation 7 h post-challenge with E. ictaluri and was detected in all fish at 12 h post-infection. Only 20% of fish carried A. hydrophila in the trunk kidney that could be detected by plate culture on Rimler–Shotts agar; however, 100% of challenged and stress-control fish were A. hydrophila complex positive at 24 h post-challenge. These results suggest that although the catfish is capable of clearing its circulation of E. ictaluri , superinfection with latent A. hydrophila may enhance clinical signs of edwardsiellosis. This is the first report of a bacterial superinfection appearing in fish. 相似文献
7.
患肌肉溃烂病中华倒刺鲃血细胞数量及形态变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采集嘉陵江中网箱养殖的中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis Bleeker)患肌肉溃烂病病鱼和健康鱼,对比测定二者红细胞数量、白细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、红细胞大小等指标,以研究病鱼血细胞的形态和数量变化。结果表明病鱼和健康鱼鱼体的多项指标存在显著差异。相对于健康鱼,病鱼外周血中红细胞数目显著减少,白细胞数目极显著增加,红细胞有变小趋势,表明肌肉溃烂对中华倒刺鲃红细胞有一定破坏作用;相对于健康鱼,病鱼淋巴细胞比例下降,单核细胞比例升高,表明在病理情况下,鱼体的特异性免疫功能降低,吞噬功能和非特异性免疫功能有所增强。 相似文献
8.
Abstract. Histologic differences were observed in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), with naturally occurring cutaneous (bacteria isolated only from lesions of skin and superficial muscle) and systemic Aeromonas hydrophila infections. Systemic infections were characterized by diffuse necrosis in several internal organs and the presence of melanin-containing macrophages in the blood. Fish with only cutaneous infections had several types of concealed lesions including increased amounts of lipofuscin and haemosiderin in the liver and spleen; however, most visceral organs were not necrotic. The average condition factor of fish with cutaneous infections was lower than for fish with systemic infections. Early histologic lesions in channel catfish experimentally infected by immersion in a suspension of A. hydrophila were similar to lesions observed in naturally occurring systemic infections and to lesions previously reported in channel catfish injected intraperitoneally with A. hydrophila . In experimentally infected fish, all lesions healed in fish that did not die, and prolonged infections limited to skin and muscle did not occur. 相似文献
9.
The study was to determine the effect of long-term administration of different dosages of levamisole on growth, immune response and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila & Edwardsiella tarda in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish were fed with four different dosages of levamisole (0, 125, 250 and 500 mg kg−1 diet) for 56 days. Different serum biochemical and haematological parameters such as serum total protein content, albumin content, globulin content, albumin/globulin ratio, glucose content, leucocytes count; cellular immune parameters including superoxide anion production, phagocytic activities, lymphokine production index; humoural immune parameters including lysozyme, complement and serum bactericidal activities were evaluated after 14 days interval. After 56 days, fish were divided into two subgroups under each treatment group for challenge with pathogens A. hydrophila and E. tarda . The cumulative mortality (%) and agglutinating antibody titre was recorded on 28th day postchallenge. WBC count, phagocytic ratio, lymphokine production index, lysozyme activity and serum bactericidal activity were increased upon administration of levamisole dosages for long term. However, the growth performance and survival against pathogens was not significantly changed over 56 days administration of levamisole. But incorporation of moderate dosage of levamisole for 42 days results better immune response without effect on growth and survival of L. rohita fingerlings. 相似文献
10.
In this study, the effects of oral administration of different levels of Dunaliella salina (a natural β-carotene source) on growth parameters, immunological and hematological indices, as well as skin carotenoids, of Heros severus were investigated. One hundred and eighty H. severus weighing 27 ± 0.5 g were divided randomly into four groups in triplicate (15 fish in each replicate). Groups 1–4 received food supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg kg?1 D. salina powder, respectively. After 6 weeks, the growth parameters were compared among the groups. Blood samples were taken from each group, and hematological parameters including red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hematocrit (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and immunological indices (serum and mucus lysozyme and bactericidal activity, resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection) as well as carotenoid content of skin were evaluated. Results showed that some growth indices increased significantly in fish fed with 100 and 200 mg kg?1 D. salina-supplemented food (P < 0.05). Although serum lysozyme activity was increased in fish fed with food supplemented with 100 and 200 mg kg?1 D. salina (P < 0.05), no significant change was observed in serum and mucus bactericidal activity and mucus lysozyme activity among the groups (P > 0.05). Most of the hematological parameters such as WBC, RBC, PCV and Hb significantly increased in D. salina-treated fish compared with controls (P < 0.05). Mortality induced after challenge with A. hydrophila in 200 mg kg?1 D. salina-treated fish was 36.67 %, which significantly decreased compared with control (P < 0.05). Skin carotenoid content in all D. salina treatments was statistically higher than that of control (P < 0.05). Conclusively, D. salina as a food additive can affect positively the growth, immunological and hematological parameters of H. severus. 相似文献
11.
In the present study, effects of sulfamerazine on some haematological and immunological parameters of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were examined. Four groups of rainbow trout were fed experimental diets containing either no sulfamerazine (control) or supplemented with sulfamerazine at 100 mg kg−1 (Exp-A), 200 mg kg−1 (Exp-B) or 400 mg kg−1 (Exp-C) for 21 days. Blood samples were taken for the haematological and immunological parameters from fish on the third, seventh, 14th and 21st days of feeding. Haematological parameters [haematocrit, leucocrit, numbers of erythrocytes (RBC) and leucocytes (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean haemoglobin concentration (MHC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)] and immunological parameters [phagocytic ratio (PR) and index (PI), glass-adherent NBT-positive cell activation, total plasma protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig)] were evaluated during the experimental trial. It has been observed that MCV ( P <0.05), PR and PI ( P >0.05) were increased and haematocrit and leucocrit value, numbers of erythrocytes and leucocyte, haemoglobin, MHC and MCHC values and total plasma protein and total Ig levels were decreased in rainbow trout after application of three different doses of sulfamerazine. 相似文献
12.
13.
Chin-I Chang Chia-Che Wu Ta Chih Cheng Jyh-Ming Tsai & King-Jung Lin 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(10):1182-1190
A multiplex nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based (m-nested PCR) method was developed for simultaneous detection of four important freshwater/marine fish pathogens in subtropical Asia, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Photobacterium damselae and Streptococcus iniae . The specificity of the oligonucleotide primers used for PCR detection was confirmed to generate specific amplicons for the corresponding pathogens. Moreover, non-specific amplicons were observed when the primers were tested using pure DNA extracted from 31 related bacterial strains belonging to 23 species or tissue homogenates of infected tilapia. This m-nested PCR approach could detect 19 colony forming unit (CFU) for A. hydrophila , 62 CFU for E. tarda , 280 CFU for P. damselae subsp. piscicida and 179 CFU for S. iniae in infected tilapia kidney homogenates, consistent with the results derived from bacteriological methods. The assay described in this paper is a sensitive and effective method for simultaneous detection of multiple fish pathogens. 相似文献
14.
Haemato‐immunological and serum biochemical parameters,intestinal histomorphology and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed dietary fermentable fibre (Vitacel®) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fermentable fibre (Vitacel®) on haemato‐immunological and serum biochemical parameters, intestinal histomorphology, growth performance and proximate body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). One hundred and twenty fish (81.65 ± 1.49 g) were fed diets containing 0 and 10 g kg?1 fermentable fibre (Vitacel®) for 50 days. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance parameters were significantly improved in fermentable fibre (Vitacel®)‐fed fish. Although feeding on fermentable fibre (Vitacel®)‐supplemented diet had no remarkable effect on haematological parameters (RBC, Htc and Hb) (P > 0.05), white blood cell (WBC) count and monocyte level were significantly affected (P = 0.040 and P = 0.020, respectively). In case of serum biochemical parameters, a significant increase and decrease were observed in serum total protein (P = 0.040) and cholesterol level (P = 0.000), respectively. Also, lysozyme level was significantly increased following administration of Vitacel® in diet (P = 0.006). Histomorphological evaluations revealed that villus length (P = 0.004) and tunica muscularis thickness (P = 0.000) were significantly higher in fermentable fibre (Vitacel®)‐fed fish. These results indicate that fermentable fibre can be considered as a dietary supplement for improving the health status and performance of rainbow trout. 相似文献
15.
A family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from the β‐subunit of haemoglobin was recently isolated from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich), an important freshwater fish parasite that causes ichthyophthiriosis. We previously discovered that one of these AMPs, HbβP‐1, had strong cidal activity against ich as well as another ectoparasite, Tetrahymena pyriformis. HbβP‐1 toxicity was specific, primarily affecting the trophozoite (trophont) stage of ich. Here, we show that HbβP‐1 acts more rapidly to kill smaller (presumably less mature) trophonts of ich, taking almost twice as long to kill larger trophonts (P < 0.0001). It acts more rapidly than an unrelated AMP, piscidin 1, which is haemolytic and also lethal to ich trophonts. HbβP‐1 is potently and selectively lethal to the trophont stage of the dinoflagellate ectoparasite, Amyloodinium ocellatum, one of the most important pathogens of warmwater marine fish. HbβP‐1 has no effect on the fish gill cell line feeder layer (G1B cells) used to propagate Amyloodinium, further suggesting a highly selective action. These findings suggest that HbβP‐1 or related AMPs might function in protecting marine as well as freshwater fish and that HbβP‐1 has highly selective activity against specific life stages of important fish ectoparasites. 相似文献
16.
The effects of 3 h exposure to 96hLC50 of cadmium (4.5 mg dm−3) on oxygen consumption rate, and hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, erythrocyte and leukocyte pattern) of juvenile tench
were evaluated. Oxygen consumption significantly decreased beginning from 24 h postexposure, and remained reduced until the
end of the experiment (96 h postexposure). RBC gradually increased, together with the percentage of juvenile cells in circulation.
On the other hand, cadmium induced damage to the red cells – the share of cellular anomalies significantly increased with
time postexposure. They included abnormal cell shape, vacuolization, swelling, chromatin disintegration in the nucleus, and
nucleus indentation. The exposed fish showed a gradual and significant decrease in WBC without a shift of lymphocyte/neutrophil
proportion. No significant changes in thrombocyte count occurred. The results show that short-term exposure to cadmium reduced
fish energetic metabolism, and suppressed immune abilities. The symptoms gradually developed after the end of exposure, and
no recovery took place until␣96 h. 相似文献
17.
The haematological (Hb, RBC, WBC) and biochemical (protein and glucose) profiles of a freshwater fish Catla catla were studied under sub-lethal toxicity of cadmium chloride for 25 days (Treatment I). In addition, the influence of zinc
on cadmium toxicity was investigated for haematological and biochemical parameters (Treatment II). In both the experiments,
blood haemoglobin and plasma protein level decreased in the treated fish. However, WBC, RBC and plasma glucose levels were
increased in Treatment I, while Treatment II showed mixed results. In Treatment II the alterations of both haematological
and biological parameters were minimal compared with Treatment I. The alterations of these parameters are discussed as non-specific
biomarkers against metal toxicity in aquatic organisms. 相似文献
18.
Effect of hydrolytically changed and oxidized fat in dry pellets on the health of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
J. &#;EHULKA 《Aquaculture Research》1990,21(4):419-434
Abstract. (1+) rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson), were reared by two methods (flow-through tanks at an average water temperature of 9°C; floating cages at a water temperature of 17°C) under different hydrological conditions for 120 days to study the effect of the presence of oxidized and hydrolytically altered fats in dry pellets on the red blood count and on the liver somatic index (LSI) and on the spleen somatic index (SSI). The unfavourable effect of hydrolytical decomposition and oxidization of fat on the blood indices was demonstrated by correlation and regression analyses. A high linear (r = -0.852) and parabolic (I = 0.890) dependence of the peroxide value (PV), the 2-thiobarbituric acid number (TBAn) and acid value (AV) on the red blood cell count (RBCc), haematocrit (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) was found on the basis of these analyses. This effect was most marked at a low water temperature when it was diagnostically important to respect seriously the decrease in RBCc to 0.78T/l, in PCV to 0.291/l and in Hb to 52g/l. In the cages the changes in the haemogram manifested themselves only in the fish given heavily oxidized fats in the feed (above 0.50% iodine, i.e. 43 mEq/kg oil): their Hb decreased from 83 to 69g/l and PCV from 0.44 to 0.381/l. Rainbow trout reacted to the presence of oxidized fats in feeds by increasing their LSI (2.31 vs 1.73%) and SSI (0.30 vs 0.23%). It is important for lipoid liver degeneration (LLD) prevention to determine the ALT and AST aminotransferase activitics which increased to an almost 4-fold level in the diseased fish (11.7 and 0.96 μcat/l). 相似文献
19.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of clove solution on anesthesia and hematological parameters in Beluga,
Huso huso (L.). In the experiment 1, fish were exposed to concentrations of 300, 500, 700, 1,800 and 3,000 ppm clove solution and induction
(stage 3 and 4) as well as recovery period lengths were recorded. These concentrations were led to induction and recovery
time between 42–365 and 125–235 s, respectively, in dose-dependent manner. There was negative correlation between induction
and recovery time (R
2 = 0.92). In the experiment 2, fish were exposed to each aforementioned concentrations and let to reach stage 4 anesthesia
and then blood-sampled. Control group was sampled without anesthesia. Hematological studies between groups showed no significant
changes in white blood cell (WBC) and differential leukocyte count (P > 0.05). Hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration levels were
significantly high in concentrations of 300–700 ppm compared to control, 1,800 and 3,000 ppm. Control and 500–3,000 ppm groups
have similar mean corpuscular volume values and significantly higher than 300 ppm. Lower values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin
were related to control, 3,000 and 1,800 ppm and higher values were observed in the others. Strong positive correlation were
observed between induction periods and Hct, Hb and RBC levels (R
2 = 0.095, 0.99 and 0.92, respectively). Results suggested that anesthesia with low concentrations of clove solution over a
long period is stressful compared to high concentrations over short period. 相似文献
20.
Sarma K Pal AK Sahu NP Dalvi RS Chatterjee N Mukherjee SC Baruah K 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(2):499-509
Two experiments, one short-term and one long-term, were conducted to elucidate the acute and chronic effects, respectively,
of endosulfan exposure on the haemato-immunological and histopathological responses of Channa puncatatus. In the short-term study, fish were exposed to sublethal endosulfan (8.1 μg l−1) for 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. In the long-term study, fish were fed with normal diet and simultaneously either exposed
to endosulfan (1.2 μg l−1) for 90 days or not. Results showed that the ascorbic acid levels in both the liver and the muscle decreased significantly
(P < 0.05) by acute and chronic endosulfan exposure. The haemoglobin (Hb) level reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by 15.5% within 12 h of acute endosulfan exposure, further decreased by 25.8% after 24 h of exposure, however, thereafter
the values increased and at the end of 72 h returned to normal levels. Almost similar trend was observed for the erythrocyte
(RBC) count. The WBC count and the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) value showed a general increasing trend with increase in the
duration of acute endosulfan exposure. The chronic exposure of C. punctatus to endosulfan significantly (P < 0.05) lowered the Hb level, RBC and WBC counts, NBT reduction value and the plasma parameters such as plasma protein, albumin
(A) and globulin (G) compared with that of the control (except for A/G ratio). Endosulfan exposure also severely altered the
liver histological structure. Overall results indicated that both short-term acute and long-term chronic endosulfan exposure
had a significant impact on the haemato-immunological parameters and tissue histopathology of C. punctatus. 相似文献