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BNS是一个新发现的温敏小麦雄性不育系,有良好的不育性和自身转换性,在杂交小麦利用和不育资源研究中有重要价值。为定位BNS的恢复基因,首先以BNS的高恢复系中国春为材料,创建BNS×中国春F2作图群体,建立自交结实率和花粉可育率两个表型BSA池;然后用中国春缺体-四体系检测恢复相关连锁群;最后用这些连锁群上的SSR分子标记筛选BSA池,用检测的连锁标记筛选F2作图群体,进一步定位恢复基因的QTL位点。结果表明,用BNS与中国春缺四体杂交,根据F1不育性检测到4个相关连锁群,分别是1A、1B、2B和7B;利用4个相关连锁群和4个非相关连锁群共8个染色体上的222对SSR分子标记筛选2对共4个BSA池,结果在3个相关连锁群上检测到8对连锁标记;用这8对连锁标记筛选F2群体210个个体植株,检测到5个QTL位点,位于1A、1B和2B染色体上。这些位点中,1个与自交结实率相关,2个与两个表型均相关,是主效QTL位点,另2个与花粉可育率相关,是微效QTL位点。这些结果为BNS恢复基因分子标记选择和精细定位奠定了基础。 相似文献
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本文对温敏雄不育小麦Ｃ４９Ｓ的花粉育性和结实率做了观察,发现随着播期的延迟,Ｃ４９Ｓ花粉育性和结实率由低向高,早播不育,晚播可育,肯定Ｃ４９Ｓ为一优异温敏材料,同穗不同部位小穗的花粉育性和结实率不同,上部－中部－下部,并且Ｃ４９Ｓ同一小穗不同位次小花的花粉育性和结实率也有差异。 相似文献
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用粳型亚洲栽培稻品种WAB56-104与来自种间回交组合WAB56-/104/CG14∥WAB56-104///WAB56-104的3个栽培稻种间近等基因系杂交、回交，对3个BC1F1群体的花粉及小穗育性遗传研究表明，育性遗传符合单位点孢子体-配子体互作模型，来自非洲栽培稻的不育基因在与相同位点的亚洲栽培稻等位基因互作时，导致携带亚洲栽培稻等位基因的雌雄配子败育，而形成花粉及小穗的半不育，但本研究的3个组合中，并未导致所有携带亚洲栽培稻等位基因的雌配子完全败育，其作用介于配子消除与花粉灭杀之间。用微卫星标记对这3个群体的育性基因定位表明，它们都位于第6染色体短臂末端，但WAB450-2、WAB450-8携带的不育位点与紧密连锁的微卫星标记RM190、RM133共分离，且很可能与S1等位，而WAB450-7的不育基因则与位于相邻区间的RM253呈松散连锁，可能与WAB450-2、WAB450-8的育性位点不同。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育MI CMS的育性归类 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
利用鞯蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育ＭＩ ＣＭＳ系统双低不育系及其保持系和恢复系,研究不育系与恢复系杂交后代中不同育性级别植株的育性归属。结果表明不同育性级别植株的花粉数量、分生活力、自交结实率等左异,因而育性分级标准中的１级、２级和３级植株均应归入不育株类,仅４级植株为可育株。根据这一归类方法,ＭＩ ＣＭＳ恢复基因条例一对显性基因的遗传模式。 相似文献
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以籼稻保持系珍汕97B和粳稻保持系辽91B为亲本,构建了一个包含176个单株的F2群体及123个SSR标记的遗传图谱,在3种环境下联合检测控制花粉育性和小穗育性的QTL。共检测到3个控制花粉育性的主效应（加性效应和显性效应）QTL（qPF3、qPF5和qPF6）和4个控制小穗育性的主效应QTL（qSF3、qSF5、qSF6和qSF8）,其中qPF5与qSF5、qPF6与qSF6均为同一个QTL,为重要的育性QTL。另外,检测到3对花粉育性和4对小穗育性QTL间互作,说明上位性效应对籼粳杂交后代的育性具有重要作用。 相似文献
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水稻新广亲和基因的初步分子定位 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对02428与IR24、Pecos杂交分离世代的小穗育性的遗传分析表明,02428/IR24 F1表现为半不育,不育性受单基因控制,且由非S5的新位点引起,美国品种Pecos具有复等位中性基因。随机选取分布于12条染色体上的87个探针,结合7种限制性内切酶,对亲本进行了限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)检测分析,发现其中35个探针能够揭示出亲本间多态性。利用35个表现多态性的探针对Pecos/IR24//02428三交组合后代F1 55个植株小穗育性的分离进行分析,第11染色体上的RFLP标记RG98和G24与Pecos中的未知籼粳杂交亲和性基因有显著连锁关系。根据小穗育性和RFLP标记的共分离资料,初步绘制了第11染色体上该广亲和基因Sp(t)座位的RFLP连锁图。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献