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1.
Antagonistic and synergistic effects of fungal and bacterial growth in soil after adding different carbon and nitrogen sources 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of adding easily available and more complex carbon sources, with and without nitrogen, on fungal and bacterial growth and activity in soil were studied in the laboratory. Total microbial activity was estimated by measuring respiration, fungal growth with the acetate-in-ergosterol incorporation technique and bacterial growth with the thymidine and leucine incorporation techniques. The substrate additions consisted of glucose and cellulose, with and without nitrogen (as ammonium nitrate), and gelatine. The microbial development was followed over a 2-month period. The respiration rate increased within a few days after adding glucose, with and without nitrogen, and gelatine, initially by more than 10 times, but after 2 months no differences were seen compared with the control. Bacterial growth estimated with the thymidine and leucine incorporation techniques gave similar results. Adding glucose with nitrogen, or gelatine, increased bacterial growth within a few days up to 10 times, but even after 2 months of incubation bacterial growth rates were still about 5 times higher than in the control. Adding only glucose increased bacterial growth rates by about twice over the whole incubation period. Fungal growth rates especially increased after adding cellulose and nitrogen, although a minor increase was found after adding cellulose alone. Fungal growth rates started to increase after 10 days of incubation with cellulose. There were indications of synergistic effects in that bacterial growth increased after the fungi had started to grow after adding cellulose. Treatments resulting in high bacterial growth rates (adding easily available carbon sources) led to decreased fungal growth rates compared with the control, indicating antagonistic effects of bacteria. 相似文献
2.
The effect of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on soil bacteria was studied using two methods (leucine incorporation and Biolog plates) of estimating pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT). SMX was added to an agricultural soil in a microcosm setup. The addition of different substrates (manure and alfalfa), and a non-amended soil, were also studied over 5 weeks. PICT measurements were validated by comparison with other measurements. Community structure was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and community-level physiological profiling (CLPP), and bacterial growth was estimated using leucine incorporation. Increased PICT was found at SMX concentrations of 20 and 500 mg SMX kg−1 soil in samples containing manure and alfalfa, and at 500 mg SMX kg−1 soil in non-amended soil (only concentration tested) using leucine incorporation. No effect was seen at 1 mg SMX kg−1 soil. It was not necessary to add any substrate to increase the microbial activity in order to detect the effects of a bacteriostatic toxicant such as SMX when using measures based on bacterial growth. Direct inhibition of bacterial growth 2 days after SMX addition was correlated to PICT. No major changes in PICT due to SMX addition were found when using Biolog plates. However, there was a tendency towards increased PICT at the higher SMX concentrations in the manure-amended soil. Thus, different methods of detecting PICT have different sensitivities in detecting the toxic effects of SMX. The effects of substrate amendment were reflected by changes in the microbial community, estimated using both PLFA and CLPP. SMX was found to have a clear effect at the two highest levels of SMX in the manure- and alfalfa-amended soils, with an increase in fungal and a decrease in bacterial PLFAs. Little difference in the PLFA composition was found in the non-amended soil. CLPP was only affected at the highest SMX concentration. Although different variables showed different sensitivities to the effects of SMX, the results were consistent with an initial decrease in bacterial growth rates of sensitive species, which eventually transformed into more tolerant species, altering the community composition. 相似文献
3.
《Applied soil ecology》2003,22(1):15-28
The effects of two Bacillus strains (Bacillus pumillus and B. licheniformis) on Medicago sativa plants were determined in single or dual inoculation with three arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and compared to P-fertilization. Shoot and root plant biomass, values of thymidine and leucine incorporation as well as ergosterol and chitin in rhizosphere soil were evaluated to estimate metabolic activity and fungal biomass, respectively, according to inoculation treatments. For most of the plant parameters determined, the effectiveness of AM fungal species was influenced by the bacterial strain associated. Dual inoculation of Bacillus spp. and AM fungi did not always significantly increase shoot biomass compared to single AM-colonized plants. The most efficient treatment in terms of dry matter production was the dual Glomus deserticola plus B. pumillus inoculation, which produced similar shoot biomass and longer roots than P-fertilization and a 715% (shoot) and 190% (root length) increase over uninoculated control. The mycorrhizas were more important for N use-efficiency than for P use-efficiency, which suggests a direct mycorrhizal effect on N nutrition not mediated by P uptake. Both chemical and biological treatments affected thymidine and leucine incorporation in the rhizosphere soil differently. Thymidine was greater in inoculated than in control rhizospheres and B. licheniformis was more effective than B. pumillus in increasing thymidine. Non-inoculated rhizospheres showed the lowest thymidine and leucine values, which shows that indigenous rhizosphere bacteria increased with introduced inocula. The highest thymidine and leucine values found in P-fertilized soils indicate that AM plants are better adapted to compete with saprophytic soil bacteria for nutrients than P-amended plants. Chitin was only increased by coinoculation of B. licheniformis and G. intraradices. B. pumillus increased ergosterol (indicative of active saprophyte fungal populations) in the rhizosphere of AM plants and particularly when colonized by G. mosseae. The different AM fungi have different effects on bacterial and/or fungal saprophytic populations and for each AM fungus, this effect was specifically stimulated or reduced by the same bacterium. This is an indication of ecological compatibilities between microorganisms. Particular Glomus–bacterium interactions (in terms of effect on plant growth responses or rhizosphere population) do not seem to be related to the percentage of AM colonization. The effect on plant growth and stimulation of rhizosphere populations, as a consequence of selected microbial groups, may be decisive for the plant establishment under limiting soil conditions. 相似文献
4.
Fredrik Demoling 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(10):2485-2495
Lack of carbon has been assumed to be the most common limiting factor for bacterial growth in soil, although there are reports of limitation by other nutrients, e.g. nitrogen and phosphorus. We have studied which nutrient(s) limited instantaneous growth rates of bacteria in 28 Swedish soils using the thymidine or leucine incorporation technique to measure increased growth rate after adding different combinations of organic carbon (glucose), nitrogen and phosphorus. The soils ranged in pH between 3.1 and 8.9, in organic matter content between 1% and 91% and in soil C/N ratio between 10 and 28. We also tested the effect of adding different amounts of carbon on the bacterial change in growth rate for two soils with different organic matter content. We found that bacterial growth in most of the 28 soils was limited by a lack of carbon, indicated by an increased bacterial growth rate 48 h after adding glucose. In some soils, adding carbon together with nitrogen increased the bacterial growth rates even further. In three soils no effects were seen upon adding nutrients separately, but adding carbon and nitrogen together increased bacterial growth rates. Nitrogen addition tended to decrease bacterial growth rates, while phosphorus addition had little effect in most soils. No correlations were found between the soil C/N ratio, ammonium or nitrate content in soil and bacterial growth limitation, indicating that even soils with a C/N ratio of 28 could be carbon limited. Although the interpretation of the effects of a single limiting nutrient was in most cases straightforward, an interaction between the amount of carbon added and the organic matter content of the soil confounded the interpretation of the extent of a second limiting nutrient. 相似文献
5.
《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(2):217-224
Effects of soil texture on the extraction efficiency of bacteria from soils and on biosynthetic activity of the extracted bacteria were studied. Bacterial extracts were prepared from three soils of different texture by homogenization (ultrasonication and mixing) or by homogenization-centrifugation at different speeds. Bacterial biosynthetic activity was estimated using thymidine and leucine incorporation techniques. In each step of the extraction procedure, a higher extractability of bacteria was obtained in finer soils than in coarse soil. Also cell-specific growth rates of bacteria were higher in the finer soils than in the coarse soil. However, in all soils, the extracted bacteria always had significantly lower cell-specific thymidine and leucine incorporation rates than the bacteria in soil slurries and thus did not represent so well the bacterial growth in the original soils. The total declines in cell-specific incorporation rates caused by the extraction were larger in fine soil (96-98%) than in coarse soil (90%), but bacteria in the coarse soil were more responsive to only minor intervention. The homogenization-centrifugation method eliminated the differences in bacterial biosynthesis found when working with soil slurries. Therefore, we recommend using of soil slurries or, optionally, soil suspensions to compare bacterial biosynthetic activity among soils of different textures. 相似文献
6.
Md. Yunus Miah Chih-Yu Chiu Hiroaki Hayashi Mitsuo Chino 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):787-796
Analysis of the effect of slow-releasing N fertilizers on microbial parameters of the rhizosphere soil is essential for their effective use. This investigation revealed the comparative effects of oxamide and ammonium sulfate as different N sources on some selected microbial parameters as well as the pH in the rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Nourin No. 61). The study was conducted on a Japanese upland alluvial soil using a rhizobox system. In the central compartment (CC) of the rhizoboxes treated with oxamide and ammonium sulfate, four wheat seedlings were grown for 53 d. In either of the treatments, the pH of the rhizosphere soil increased with the increase in the distance from the CC. In contrast, nitrate production, bacterial and fungal numbers, microbial biomass nitrogen, and β-acetylglucosaminidase activity decreased with the increase in the distance, with the highest values of the respective parameters being recorded in the CC. However, remarkable changes of these microbial parameters were found within a distance of 1–2 mm from the CC to the distant compartments. Thus the results indicated that pH, bacterial number, and nitrate production were high in the oxamide treatment. In contrast, higher fungal number, microbial biomass N, and .B-acetylglucosaminidase activity were associated with the ammonium sulfate treatment. It was assumed that the significant (p<O.05) effect of the rhizosphere on microbial activities varied with the treatments. 相似文献
7.
玉米?水稻轮作和水稻连作土壤根际和非根际氮含量及酶活性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
8.
Recently, regular oscillations in bacterial populations and growth rates of bacterial feeding nematodes (BFN) were shown to occur after addition of fresh organic matter to soil. This paper presents a model developed to investigate potential mechanisms of those oscillations, and whether they were initiated by bacteria-substrate interactions or by predatory regulation of bacteria. The model was also used to investigate mineral nitrogen release during short-term organic matter decomposition. Experimental data originated from several microcosm experiments with a sandy soil amended with clover-grass mixture. Numbers of bacteria and BFN, and nitrate and ammonium content in soil were measured daily during about a month, whereas protozoa were counted occasionally. A substrate-based food web model was constructed with 3 plant residue and 5 soil organic matter compartments, 3 trophic groups of bacteria (copiotrophic, oligotrophic and hydrolytic), and two predatory groups (BFN and protozoa). Both carbon and nitrogen flows between these compartments were modelled. Fluctuations in microbial populations in soil after plant residue incorporation could be reproduced with and without participation of predators. The first two peaks in bacterial numbers were mainly related to bacteria-substrate interactions, while predators (particularly protozoa) influenced bacterial dynamics during later stages of bacterial community development. Oligotrophic bacteria had a stabilizing effect on fluctuations of other trophic groups, and were the main source of nutrients for predators. A peak in soil ammonium occurred within 1 week after residue incorporation. Nitrate increased sigmoidally after a short lag phase. The final nitrate concentration was primarily determined by bacterial dynamics, and to a lesser extent by protozoa and nematodes. This model indicates the importance of substrate-consumer relations for regulation of populations at different trophic levels and nutrient release from fresh organic matter added to soil. 相似文献
9.
E. Bååth 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1994,17(2):147-153
The incorporation of [14C]-leucine into protein by soil organisms was measured both in soil slurries and for bacteria extracted from soil by homogenization-centrifugation. The result was compared with thymidine incorporation. Using a soil slurry, 9.1×10-10 mol leucine h-1g-1 dry weight of soil was incorporated into protein, with a calculated leucine: thymidine ratio (mol:mol) of about 34. Non-specific labelling of macromolecules other than protein was observed with both the soil slurry and the homogenization-centrifugation method. With the latter, 46.5% of the total incorporation was found in the protein fraction (hot-acid insoluble). The incorporation of leucine was linear with time for at least 4 h for extracted bacteria. Even at 2000 nM, [14C]-leucine did not saturate incorporation into protein. Isotope dilution plots indicated that with 750 nM leucine, the degree of participation of the labelled substance in protein synthesis was 0.59. With this value, the ratio of leucine:thymidine incorporation into total macromolecules was calculated as 41 for extracted bacteria. On the basis of incorporation into protein (leucine) and incorporation into DNA (thymidine) only, the leucine:thymidine ratio was calculated as 117. The mean turnover time of bacteria at 22°C, calculated using conversion factors from published studies and leucine incorporation into protein of extracted bacteria, was 4.3 days. 相似文献
10.
11.
碳酸钙和根际作用对酸性红壤解磷微生物丰度的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选用玉米品种郑单958为试验材料,设置不添加碳酸钙(CK)、每千克土添加0.3g碳酸钙(Ca-0.3)和0.5g碳酸钙(Ca-0.5)3个碳酸钙处理,以相应处理未种植物土壤为非根际对照土壤,研究了碳酸钙和根际作用对酸性红壤磷酸酶活性及解磷微生物相关功能基因phoC和phoD丰度的影响。结果表明:碳酸钙添加能有效改善玉米生长,促进地上部氮、磷、钾和钙的吸收。土壤酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著高于碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,表明酸性土壤中ACP在矿化有机磷方面占主导地位。根际土壤ACP、ALP活性和phoD基因拷贝数均显著高于非根际,而仅Ca-0.5处理ALP活性和phoD基因拷贝数显著高于CK,说明根际效应强于碳酸钙处理。phoC基因拷贝数与土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量存在显著相关性,ALP活性和phoD基因拷贝数与土壤pH及铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷、交换性钙含量均存在显著相关性。可见,碳酸钙和根际作用均影响酸性土壤解磷微生物功能和丰度,但根际效应更加明显,这些作用与土壤理化因子的改变密切相关。 相似文献
12.
This study quantifies the influence of Poa alpina on the soil microbial community in primary succession of alpine ecosystems, and whether these effects are controlled by the successional stage. Four successional sites representative of four stages of grassland development (initial, 4 years (non-vegetated); pioneer, 20 years; transition, 75 years; mature, 9500 years old) on the Rotmoos glacier foreland, Austria, were sampled. The size, composition and activity of the microbial community in the rhizosphere and bulk soil were characterized using the chloroform-fumigation extraction procedure, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and measurements of the enzymes β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase and sulfatase. The interplay between the host plant and the successional stage was quantified using principal component (PCA) and multidimensional scaling analyses. Correlation analyses were applied to evaluate the relationship between soil factors (Corg, Nt, C/N ratio, pH, ammonium, phosphorus, potassium) and microbial properties in the bulk soil. In the pioneer stage microbial colonization of the rhizosphere of P. alpina was dependent on the reservoir of microbial species in the bulk soil. As a consequence, the rhizosphere and bulk soil were similar in microbial biomass (ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen (NHR-N)), community composition (PLFA), and enzyme activity. In the transition and mature grassland stage, more benign soil conditions stimulated microbial growth (NHR-N, total amount of PLFA, bacterial PLFA, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria), and microbial diversity (Shannon index H) in the rhizosphere either directly or indirectly through enhanced carbon allocation. In the same period, the rhizosphere microflora shifted from a G− to a more G+, and from a fungal to a more bacteria-dominated community. Rhizosphere β-xylosidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and sulfatase activity peaked in the mature grassland soil, whereas rhizosphere leucine aminopeptidase, β-glucosidase, and phosphatase activity were highest in the transition stage, probably because of enhanced carbon and nutrient allocation into the rhizosphere due to better growth conditions. Soil organic matter appeared to be the most important driver of microbial colonization in the bulk soil. The decrease in soil pH and soil C/N ratio mediated the shifts in the soil microbial community composition (bacPLFA, bacPLFA/fungPLFA, G−, G+/G−). The activities of β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and phosphatase were related to soil ammonium and phosphorus, indicating that higher decomposition rates enhanced the nutrient availability in the bulk soil. We conclude that the major determinants of the microflora vary along the successional gradient: in the pioneer stage the rhizosphere microflora was primarily determined by the harsh soil environment; under more favourable environmental conditions, however, the host plant selected for a specific microbial community that was related to the dynamic interplay between soil properties and carbon supply. 相似文献
13.
南方稀土矿区植物根际与非根际土壤碳氮含量与pH值变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]揭示南方稀土矿区根际与非根际养分含量变化,为南方稀土矿区的生态恢复和侵蚀退化区的水土保持提供科学依据。[方法]以福建省长汀县稀土矿治理区为研究对象,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,选取3个稀土矿开采区进行植物样方调查及土壤取样,对研究区的主要水土保持植物(芒萁、枫香)根际与非根际土壤碳氮含量、pH值变化以及根际与非根际间土壤碳氮含量、pH值的差异性进行研究分析。[结果](1)随着治理年限的增加,芒萁根际土壤的有机碳、全氮含量逐渐升高,硝态氮含量逐渐减少,pH值先增加后减少,铵态氮含量无显著性差异;枫香根际土壤的硝态氮随着治理年限的增加而减少,而有机碳、全氮、铵态氮含量和pH值均无显著性差异。(2)随着治理年限的增加,芒萁非根际土壤的有机碳、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮均无显著性差异,pH值先增加后减少;枫香非根际土壤的有机碳、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、pH值均无显著性差异。(3)芒萁根际土壤的有机碳含量显著高于非根际土壤的有机碳含量,全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和pH值均无显著性差异;而枫香根际与非根际土壤养分含量均无显著性差异。[结论]植被能够改善土壤,但土壤肥力恢复却是一个长期的过程。 相似文献
14.
受枸杞道地产区土地资源等因素限制,连作障碍已成为影响枸杞产业发展的重要原因之一,导致严重的经济损失.研究连作条件下枸杞农田土壤生态系统微生物群落的演替规律对枸杞产业的可持续发展具有重要的理论意义.以宁夏银川市南梁农场连作多年的枸杞地为研究对象,利用Illumina MiSeq测序技术分析了连作对再植枸杞根际/非根际细菌群落的影响.结果表明,连作地显著抑制再植枸杞苗地径的增加,且其土壤pH较对照样地显著降低(p<0.05).测序结果证实,与对照样地相比,连作地再植枸杞根际土壤细菌物种数显著降低(p<0.05),细菌群落α多样性下降(p>0.05).主坐标分析表明,连作和对照样地间枸杞非根际细菌群落结构无明显差异,但连作显著改变再植枸杞根际细菌的群落结构.对细菌群落丰度的统计分析发现,连作地枸杞根际浮霉菌门、非根际假单胞菌门的相对丰度较对照样地显著降低(p<0.05).此外,冗余分析结果表明:枸杞园土壤pH和有效磷含量是影响枸杞非根际土壤细菌群落结构变化的主要因素,分别解释了41.8%和35.4%的群落结构变化(p<0.05),其他土壤因子无统计学意义,但土壤理化因子对再植枸杞根际细菌群落结构变化的影响均未达显著水平.这些结果证实连作能够显著抑制再植枸杞生长、影响再植枸杞根际细菌群落结构和多样性,干扰枸杞与土壤细菌群落间的互作关系.这些研究结果将为解析枸杞连作障碍机制提供理论基础. 相似文献
15.
The effects of temperature on the growth rate and metal toxicity in soil bacterial communities extracted from unpolluted and polluted soils were investigated using the thymidine and leucine incorporation techniques. An agricultural soil, which was contaminated in the laboratory with Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni or Pb, and an uncontaminated forest soil were used. Measurements were made at 0°C and 20°C. Leucine incorporation was found to be as sensitive to heavy metals as thymidine incorporation in the short-term trial used to indicate heavy metal tolerance. Similar IC50 values (the log of the metal concentration that reduced incorporation to 50%) were also obtained at 0 and 20°C, independently of the technique used. Metal tolerance could thus be measured using both techniques at any temperature in the range 0–20°C. In the long-term experiment different temperature-growth relationships were obtained on the basis of the rate of thymidine or leucine incorporation into bacterial assemblages from unpolluted and polluted soils, as judged from the minimum temperature values. This could not be attributed to the metal addition alone since different patterns were observed when different metals were added to the soil. Thus, the minimum temperature for thymidine incorporation was similar in Cu-polluted and unpolluted soil, while in soils polluted with Cd and Zn the minimum temperature increased by 2°C, and Ni and Pb additions increased the minimum temperature by 4°C compared to the unpolluted soil. This suggested that heavy metal pollution led to bacterial communities showing different temperature characteristics to those in the corresponding unpolluted soil. Similar observations were deduced from the minimum temperatures required for leucine incorporation. Three groups of bacterial communities were distinguished according to the growth response to temperature in polluted soils, one group in Cu-polluted soil, a second group in soil polluted with Zn and Cd, and a third group in soils polluted with Ni and Pb. 相似文献
16.
不同保水剂对土壤水分和氮素保持的比较研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
保水剂应用对土壤水肥利用效率具有重要影响。本文采用土柱模拟试验方法,以不施保水剂处理为对照,比较3种保水剂——聚丙烯酸盐类保水剂(A)、有机–无机复合保水剂(B)、腐植酸型多功能保水剂(C)对土壤水分和两种氮肥(尿素、硝酸铵)的保持效应,筛选保水剂与氮肥的合理施用配合。8次土壤淋溶结果表明:3种保水剂对土壤水分和两种氮肥都有保持作用,但差异明显。在保水方面,A、B保水剂土壤水分保持效果较好且保水效果相近,C保水剂相对较差;随浇水次数增加,3种保水剂的保水效果均有所降低。在保肥方面,C保水剂对两种氮素的保持效果显著优于对照,且对硝酸铵保持效果优于对尿素的保持效果;A保水剂对尿素的保持效果明显,但对硝酸铵的保持效果很小,淋溶8次后,甚至对氮素淋溶有促进作用;B保水剂对尿素的保持效果8次淋溶后与C保水剂相近,对硝酸铵的保持效果介于其他两种保水剂之间。此外,保水剂对土壤脲酶活性有一定影响,其变化与氮素转化有关;施用尿素的土壤中,保水剂对土壤脲酶活性的影响为B保水剂C保水剂A保水剂,而施用硝酸铵的土壤中为A保水剂B保水剂C保水剂。 相似文献
17.
南方稀土矿区水土保持植物根际土壤碳氮及pH特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取南方稀土矿区芒萁、宽叶雀稗、枫香和木荷四种典型水土保持植物,研究其根际与非根际土壤各种形态氮素和有机碳含量特征以及pH的变化。研究表明,根际较非根际土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮平均分别高出79.7%、34.2%和30.7%,土壤有机碳平均高出164.9%,pH平均高出0.13个单位。除pH外,根际土壤与非根际土壤全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和有机碳之间均差异显著(p0.05)。四种植物根际土壤全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和有机碳的含量均较非根际土壤含量高。宽叶雀稗的根际土壤pH大于非根际土壤,而木荷、芒萁和枫香的根际土壤p H与非根际土壤无显著差异。在根际与非根际土壤中,土壤全氮与土壤有机碳之间呈显著正相关,而土壤全氮与土壤铵态氮、土壤全氮与土壤硝态氮之间均无相关性。即稀土矿区四种植物对碳氮主要养分均具有较强的截存效应,可作为稀土矿区生态恢复的主要植物。 相似文献
18.
不同施氮水平下配施硅肥对水稻根部周围土壤微生物群落结构的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为研究不同水平氮肥、硅肥配施对水稻根部周围土壤微生物群落结构影响,为水稻的硅肥、氮肥合理配施提供参考。以Na2SiO3作为硅肥硅源,设置了6组硅肥、氮肥处理组,采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术探究不同施氮水平下配施硅肥处理对水稻根部周围土壤细菌、真菌和古细菌群落结构的影响。结果显示在施加低氮和中氮处理组中水稻根部周围土壤细菌群落多样性没有显著变化,施高氮处理组的细菌群落多样性呈上升趋势,但在不同施氮水平下加硅处理对细菌的群落结构影响不明显。施低氮水平和中氮水平下硅对水稻根部周围土壤真菌群落结构的影响亦不明显;与施中低氮水平相比,在施高氮水平下,水稻根部周围土壤中真菌的多样性显著下降,但施硅能显著提高水稻根部周围土壤真菌的多样性,能促进真菌类群（Coniochaeta prunicola）、粉质拟青霉（Paecilomyces farinosus）、子囊菌（Ascomycota sp.）与浅黄褐色嗜热菌（Thermothelomyces hinnuleus）等类群的生长,同时抑制水稻病原真菌木贼镰刀菌（Fusarium equiseti）类群的生长。随着施加的氮水平升高,古细菌群落多样性呈升高趋势,各氮水平下加硅处理对水稻根部周围土壤的古细菌群落结构没有显著影响。研究表明,在不同施氮水平下,施加以Na2SiO3为硅源的硅肥对水稻根部周围土壤的细菌、古细菌群落结构没有显著影响;但在施加高氮水平后,加硅肥能显著提高水稻根部周围土壤真菌群落的多样性。 相似文献
19.
为评估移栽定殖根际有益菌(PGPR)番茄苗对果实产量和青枯病防控效果的影响,通过连续3季田间试验,研究了基于生物有机肥的施用,移栽生物育苗基质(在普通育苗基质中添加分离自根际的解淀粉芽孢杆菌)所育种苗(BIONS),相比于移栽普通育苗基质所育种苗(BIO),对设施番茄产量、发病率、收获期植株土体与根际微生物数量和土壤基本理化性质的影响。连续3季田间试验结果表明:相比于BIO处理,BIONS处理第一、二、三季的增产幅度分别达38.86%、47.87%、34.60%,产量差异均达到显著性水平;BIONS处理的发病率每季均极显著低于BIO处理;BIONS处理增加了根际细菌数量,降低了根际真菌数量;土壤基本理化性质方面,BIONS处理的硝态氮含量和铵态氮含量每季均高于BIO处理,且硝态氮含量与产量呈显著正相关,硝态氮含量和铵态氮含量与发病率呈显著负相关。因此,以生物有机肥为底肥,移栽生物育苗基质所育种苗,能够有效防控番茄青枯病的发生,进而提高产量。 相似文献
20.
通过开放式臭氧浓度升高试验平台(FAOE)对扬麦16(臭氧耐受品种)和烟农19(臭氧敏感品种)根际土壤氮转化相关酶活性进行研究。结果表明:臭氧熏蒸5年后,小麦根际蛋白酶活性未发生显著变化;敏感品种根际脲酶活性增高4.01%;氨氧化酶活性在敏感和耐受品种根际土壤中分别提高19.38%和203.66%,土壤NH_4~+和NO_3~-显著升高,但微生物量氮显著下降;硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性分别呈现下降和升高的趋势,这种变化在臭氧敏感品种土壤中更显著。冗余分析表明,全氮、臭氧和pH是显著影响这5种酶活性的最主要因素。试验的结果表明,在大气臭氧浓度升高条件下,小麦根际氮循环会在酶的调节下发生变化,可能会增加土壤氮素以温室气体N_2O和硝酸盐形式损失的风险,且臭氧敏感品种根迹土壤变化更显著。 相似文献