共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 578 毫秒
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昆虫滞育是由遗传和环境因子共同作用,导致生长发育停滞的一种重要的生态适应策略;是一个复杂的多基因参与,受多条信号通路调控的独特的发育和生理过程。作为进化上保守的信号通路,胰岛素信号对滞育昆虫的寿命、细胞周期、代谢、能量物质积累和抗逆性等方面具有重要的调控作用。因此,研究胰岛素信号对滞育诱导、滞育维持以及滞育解除的调控作用将有利于揭示昆虫滞育多样化的分子机制,进而为农业害虫的防治提供新的解决思路。本文通过总结胰岛素信号参与昆虫滞育调控的研究进展,为昆虫类胰岛素功能和昆虫滞育的分子调控机制研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Dong-nan CUI Xiong-bing TU Kun HAO Aftab Raza Jun CHEN Mark McNeill Ze-hua ZHANG 《农业科学学报》2019,18(11):2579-2588
Maternal photoperiodic response is a key factor that affects offspring diapause in migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Although many aspects of insect diapause have been studied, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of maternal photoperiodic response that influence diapause regulation. To gain insight into the possible mechanisms of maternal photoperiod influence on diapause regulation, proteomics data by label-free quantification analysis were generated from non-diapause and diapause eggs. A total of 175 proteins were differentially expressed between diapause and non-diapause eggs. Among them, 24 proteins were upregulated, and 151 proteins were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments were performed on all differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and showed that peroxisome, insect hormone biosynthesis, and longevity regulating pathway may be related to diapause of migratory locust. Furthermore, we used qRT-PCR to verify some results of the proteomic analysis. Proteins such as hexamerin-like protein 4, juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase 1 (JHEH1), cytochrome P450 and heat shock protein (HSP) 20.7 were predicted to be involved in diapause. This study provides an important reference for future research that will explore the mechanisms of diapause induced by maternal effects in migratory locust. 相似文献
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为探究大白母猪利用年限相关性状的遗传结构,实现早期选种,本研究采用国家生猪产业体系华南种猪遗传评估网1998年1月至2014年8月收集的大白猪繁殖性状数据,使用DMU(V6)分析计算母猪第1胎分娩日龄、第1胎总产仔数、第1胎产活仔数、前3胎产活仔数、前5胎产活仔数、第3胎稳定性、第5胎稳定性、终生总产仔数、终生产活仔数和终生日龄间的遗传力与遗传相关。结果表明,大白母猪第1胎总产仔数、第1胎产活仔数、终生总产子数、终生产活仔数、第5胎稳定性遗传力为0.132~0.198,属于低遗传力性状;前3胎产活仔数、前5胎产活仔数、第3胎稳定性遗传力为0.230~0.271,属于中等遗传力性状;第1胎分娩日龄、终生日龄遗传力为0.492~0.642,属于高遗传力性状。大白母猪第1胎总产仔数、第1胎产活仔数、前3胎产活仔数、前5胎产活仔数、终生总产仔数和终生产活仔数间有较强的正遗传相关,与终生日龄有较弱的正遗传相关,与第3胎和第5胎稳定性有较弱的正遗传相关。母猪初产日龄与终生总产仔数和终生产活仔数间呈一定的负遗传相关,而初产日龄与终生日龄呈强的正遗传相关。通过对母猪利用年限的遗传参数估计有望通过选育提高利用年限,通过母猪利用年限有关性状与其他性状间的遗传相关分析,有助于早期选种加快延长母猪利用年限。 相似文献
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光周期和温度对中华通草蛉不同越冬时期成虫滞育后生物学特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】了解不同光周期和温度对中华通草蛉（Chrysoperla sinica）自然滞育种群成虫滞育后生殖生物学的影响,明确“滞育发育”与滞育强度、滞育解除与滞育后发育的关系。【方法】观察记录中华通草蛉自然种群分别于11月、1月、3月在18、22、28℃及不同光周期（15D﹕9L、13.5D﹕10.5L、12L﹕12D）下的产卵前期、产卵历期、产卵量和雌成虫寿命等。【结果】温度对滞育解除后的中华通草蛉成虫的产卵前期（P＜0.001）、产卵历期（P＜0.001）、产卵量（P=0.012）和雌虫寿命（P＜0.001）均有显著影响：随着温度的升高,中华通草蛉解除滞育后的产卵前期、产卵历期、雌雄成虫寿命均缩短。11月份22℃下成虫产卵量最高,而18℃下最低,且3个温度间产卵量有显著差异（P＜0.001）。而1月份（P=0.604）与3月份（P=0.745）不同温度间产卵量无显著性差异。不同越冬时期对滞育成虫产卵前期有显著性影响（P＜0.001）,且随越冬时间延长产卵前期减少。成虫在1月份产卵量高于其它越冬时期,且只有在光周期15D-9L条件下差异显著（P＜0.05）,其余光照条件下差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。不同越冬时期对成虫产卵历期和雌虫寿命差异不显著（P＞0.05）。光周期对中华通草蛉滞育解除过程中的产卵前期（P=0.240）、产卵历期（P=0.234）及雌虫寿命（P=0.155）均无显著性影响。中华通草蛉成虫在15D﹕9L条件下产卵量最大,且在11月份（P=0.008）与3月份（P＜0.001）显著高于其它光周期下,1月份则光周期对产卵量无显著影响（P=0.735）。交互作用显示,温度与越冬时期的交互对产卵前期（P=0.016）及产卵量（P＜0.001）影响显著,而对产卵历期（P=0.321）和雌虫寿命（P=0.583）则无显著影响。光周期与越冬时期的交互对产卵前期（P=0.664）、产卵历期（P=0.074）和雌虫寿命（P=0.052）均无显著性影响,但显著影响成虫产卵量（P=0.031）。【结论】温度对滞育后发育生物学特性均有显著性影响。越冬时期只对产卵前期和产卵量有显著性影响,说明不同越冬时期滞育强度不同且滞育解除过程的能量消耗会对产卵量有一定影响。光周期只对产卵量有显著性影响,说明光照长度会影响中华通草蛉卵粒的形成。温度和越冬时期比光周期对中华通草蛉成虫滞育后发育影响显著。 相似文献
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ZHAO Feng LI Qing-zhang 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2007,6(9):1149-1156
This study was to determine the patterns and levels of IGF family members＇ expression during postnatal mammary gland development. The authors investigated the protein expression profile of the major components of the IGF axis in murine mammary glands. All the proteins examined, IGF- Ⅰ, IGF- Ⅱ, and IGF- Ⅰ receptor （IGF-Ⅰ R） were expressed at greatly different levels and displayed unique expression profiles. IGF- Ⅱ and IGF- ⅠR were always expressed at significantly higher levels than IGF- Ⅰ. IGF- Ⅰwas localized in adipocytes as well as the epithelial and stromal compartments, but just distinctly expressed where mammary cells aggregated to form ducts, in virgins. The IGF- Ⅱ was localized only on the basal layer epithelial cell membranes of ducts and alveoli, with a peak level on the initiation of lactation. The higher level of IGF- ⅠR compared with IGF- Ⅰ was also found in adipocytes as well as in the epithelial and stromal compartments, especially during pregnancy and late lactation. The IGF- Ⅰ R pathway was obviously significant for the development of the mammary parenchyma and stroma. Overall, the comparison of the expression profiles of these different proteins would strongly suggest that they were likely to have different functions throughout the mammary gland development, and it also highlighted the potential interactions and coregulation of the members of this axis. It seems that IGF- Ⅱ was the major local modulator rather than IGF- Ⅰ by an IGF- Ⅰ R-independent pathway, especially for initiation of lactation. This study has demonstrated the importance and complexity of the IGF axis during mammary gland development and provides a valuable resource for future research in this area. 相似文献
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推迟供卵条件下卷蛾分索赤眼蜂的生殖对策 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
通过推迟供卵的方法考察了卷蛾分索赤眼蜂（Trichogrammatoidea bactrae)在寄主缺乏情况下的生殖策略。结果表明，在短期（羽化后4d内）缺乏寄主条件下，卷蛾分索赤眼蜂具有一定的适应性，在恢复供卵首日的寄生卵量有所提高，且其繁殖力和成虫寿命没有受到明显的影响；在长期（羽化后8d内）缺乏寄主情况下，卷蛾分索赤眼蜂没有积极的生殖对策，其群体繁殖力和寿命都受到不同程度的削弱。在此基础上提出了在利用赤眼蜂自然控制目标害虫的过程中，尤其是在目标寄主匮乏时，应采取相应的田间保护和增强措施。 相似文献
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为了研究哒螨灵对茶橙瘿螨种群的亚致死效应,采用室内叶碟饲养,利用生命表技术分析哒螨灵亚致死剂量对茶橙瘿螨F0和F1代种群生长发育和繁殖的影响。试验结果表明：哒螨灵LC50、LC20和LC10剂量处理茶橙瘿螨雌成螨后,可刺激F0代雌成螨产卵,使其产卵量分别增加了56.35%、48.74%、38.61%,但对其寿命、产卵期和后代性比没有影响;F1代的卵期、幼螨期、若螨期和成螨期与对照差异不显著(P>0.05),但雌虫成螨寿命均比对照短;F1代产卵期和产卵量明显低于对照,而雌雄比高于对照,均差异显著(P<0.05);F1代种群内禀增长率(rm)、净生殖率(R0)和世代平均历期(T)均明显低于对照,种群倍增时间(Dt)高于对照,周限增长率(λ)与对照差异不大。说明哒螨灵亚致死剂量对茶橙瘿螨无刺激增殖作用,可降低茶橙瘿螨种群繁殖速率。 相似文献
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Insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） plays a key role in female reproduction, because it has the effect of anti-apoptosis improving cell proliferation, transformation and differentiation. This paper reviewed the effects of IGF-I on ovary, follicle growth, acquisition of oocyte competence and preimplantation embryo viability, and then summarized different points about IGF-1 for reproduction system 相似文献
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Fat metabolism, reproduction, and aging are intertwined regulatory axes; however, the mechanism by which they are coupled remains poorly understood. We found that germline stem cells (GSCs) actively modulate lipid hydrolysis in Caenorhabditis elegans, which in turn regulates longevity. GSC arrest promotes systemic lipolysis via induction of a specific fat lipase. Subsequently, fat mobilization is promoted and life span is prolonged. Constitutive expression of this lipase in fat storage tissue generates lean and long-lived animals. This lipase is a key factor in the lipid hydrolysis and increased longevity that are induced by decreased insulin signaling. These results suggest a link between C. elegans fat metabolism and longevity. 相似文献
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沙柳木蠹蛾(Holcocerus arenicola staudinger)是为害沙柳(Salix psammophila)根部的一种钻蛀性害虫。通过对沙柳木蠹蛾羽化行为、性比和寿命的调查,对各日龄雌蛾求偶和交尾发生时间的统计分析,明确了沙柳木蠹蛾性行为的动态节律。结果表明:沙柳木蠹蛾在19:00～21:00羽化最为集中;雌雄性比平均为0.66∶1;成虫平均寿命4.8±2.2d,其中雌蛾的寿命稍高于雄蛾。雌蛾在进入暗期1～2h内求偶行为明显,最大求偶百分率出现在羽化后的第二晚。1日龄成虫的交配高峰在暗周期的前2h,而2～4日龄成虫的交配高峰是在暗期的1h内;交配持续的平均时间为38.41±11.42min。随着蛾龄的增大,雌虫的求偶和交配行为发生的时间提前。沙柳木蠹蛾的性活动高峰出现在羽化后连续3个暗周期的前半段,可作为利用性信息素防治沙柳木蠹蛾最佳时段的参考依据。 相似文献
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Caloric restriction has been shown to increase longevity in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. In some organisms, this has been associated with a decreased fat mass and alterations in insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathways. To further explore these associations with enhanced longevity, we studied mice with a fat-specific insulin receptor knockout (FIRKO). These animals have reduced fat mass and are protected against age-related obesity and its subsequent metabolic abnormalities, although their food intake is normal. Both male and female FIRKO mice were found to have an increase in mean life-span of approximately 134 days (18%), with parallel increases in median and maximum life-spans. Thus, a reduction of fat mass without caloric restriction can be associated with increased longevity in mice, possibly through effects on insulin signaling. 相似文献
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The biology and chemistry of fertilization 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
P M Wassarman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,235(4788):553-560
Fertilization of eggs by sperm, the means by which sexual reproduction takes place in nearly all multicellular organisms, is fundamental to the maintenance of life. In both mammals and nonmammals, the pathway that leads to fusion of an egg with a single sperm consists of many steps that occur in a compulsory order. These steps include species-specific cellular recognition, intracellular and intercellular membrane fusions, and enzyme-catalyzed modifications of cellular investments. In several instances, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these events during mammalian fertilization are beginning to be revealed. 相似文献
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从营养生长向生殖生长的转换是植物生命周期中最重要的事件之一,是植物繁衍后代的重要保证。为适应复杂的环境条件和自身的发育需求,开花基因在转录激活/抑制、转录后、翻译及翻译后等多个水平上被调控,其中染色质重构、组蛋白修饰等表观遗传调节是拟南芥春化途径和自主途径的主要调节方式。最近的研究结果表明,选择性剪接、小RNA和长非编码RNA等多种转录后水平方式的调节在拟南芥开花基因调节中发挥重要作用。本文就目前有关拟南芥开花基因转录后调控方式研究进展进行综述,以期为今后进一步完善开花时间调控网络提供参考。 相似文献
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Restriction of the number of calories consumed extends longevity in many organisms. In rodents, caloric restriction decreases the levels of plasma glucose and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) and postpones or attenuates cancer, immunosenescence, and inflammation without irreversible side effects. In organisms ranging from yeast to mice, mutations in glucose or IGF-I-like signaling pathways extend life-span but also cause glycogen or fat accumulation and dwarfism. This information suggests a new category of drugs that could prevent or postpone diseases of aging with few adverse effects. 相似文献
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Schoonhoven LM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1963,141(3576):173-174
The spontaneous electrical activity in cerebral ganglia of several insect species does not disappear during diapause. Some recordings of electrical activity in pupae of the cecropia silkworm (in which the brain is considered to be electrically "silent" during diapause) suggest that at least some activity is maintained, but possibly it is restricted to certain regions of the brain. 相似文献