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1.
左旋咪唑对中华绒螯蟹非特异性免疫功能及抗病力的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为测定在饲料中添加左旋咪唑(LMS)对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)的免疫调节作用,以0(对照)、100、200和300 mg·kg~(-1)干饲料的剂量将LMS添加于基础饲料中制成颗粒饲料,投喂中华绒螯蟹7 d,然后投喂不含LMS的对照组饲料。在投喂含LMS的饲料之前(0周)和投喂后2、4、6、8周,采样测定中华绒螯蟹的血细胞总量(THC)、不同血细胞数量(DHC)、吞噬活性、呼吸爆发(超氧阴离子的释放)、酚氧化酶(PO)活性和溶菌酶(LSZ)活性;并在投喂含LMS的饲料后的第4周,按1.2×10~7cfu·kg~(-1)体重的剂量,体腔注射接种中华绒螯蟹致病性嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hyrophila)CL99920菌株,记录接种10d后中华绒螯蟹的累积死亡率。结果显示,各LMS处理组的血细胞总量(THC)、透明细胞(HC)数量、吞噬百分率、呼吸爆发、PO活性和LSZ活性均显著地高于对照组(P<0.05);颗粒细胞(GC)数量、血细胞吞噬指数与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);LMS处理组的蟹对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗力明显增强。研究表明,饲喂适量的LMS可增强中华绒螯蟹的免疫力和抗病力;在本试验条件下,200 mg·kg~(-1)干饲料的剂量为最适添加剂量。 相似文献
2.
复方中草药制剂对罗氏沼虾生长和非特异性免疫功能的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在基础饲料中添加0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的复方中草药制剂,连续投喂56 d后,通过测定供试罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)的生长性能、血细胞的吞噬活性、血清酶活性、酚氧化酶活性,比较了复合中草药制剂对罗氏沼虾促生长及非特异性免疫功能的影响。结果显示:饲料中添加0.5%的复方中草药制剂对罗氏沼虾的生长影响显著(P<0.05),添加1%和2%的中草药制剂对罗氏沼虾的血细胞的吞噬活性、溶菌酶活力、酚氧化酶活力影响极显著(P<0.01)。用嗜水气单胞菌攻毒7 d显示试验组免疫保护率高达44.7%~59.8%。因此,从促生长、提高免疫力和经济角度3方面考虑,建议添加剂量为1.0%为宜。 相似文献
3.
4.
将阿维拉霉素按照一定的浓度添加到饲料中,投喂经注射接种福尔马林灭活的嗜水气单胞菌(Aerom onashydrophila)菌苗的鲤,于免疫后的第7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d和35 d检测供试鲤血液中的白细胞吞噬活性、血清中溶菌酶活性、抗体效价、补体C3含量及免疫保护率(RPS),探讨了阿维拉霉素对受免鲤免疫应答的影响。结果表明,饲料中添加阿维拉霉素(4 mg/kg和8 mg/kg),投喂较长时间(≥28 d)会降低受免鲤的血液白细胞吞噬活性、血清中的溶菌酶活性和抗体效价,减少受免鲤血清中补体C3的含量,减弱鲤抵抗嗜水气单胞菌人工感染的能力,每公斤饲料中添加8 mg的阿维拉霉素其免疫抑制作用更强。 相似文献
5.
酵母免疫多糖对受免斑点叉尾(鮰)免疫应答的增强作用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在饲料中添加定量的酵母免疫多糖,投喂注射接种了福尔马林灭活的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)菌苗的斑点叉尾(鮰)(Ictalurus punctatus),28 d后通过测定供试鱼的增重量、血清中凝集抗体效价、溶菌酶活性、谷丙转氨酶活性(SGPT)、血清总蛋白含量、白细胞吞噬活性以及活菌攻毒后的免疫保护率(RPS),探讨了酵母免疫多糖对受免斑点叉尾(鮰) 免疫应答的增强作用.结果表明,用添加200.0 mg/(kg·d)酵母免疫多糖的饲料投喂受免斑点叉尾(鮰),不仅可以使受免斑点叉尾(鮰) 对灭活嗜水气单胞菌的免疫应答水平提高,增强抵抗嗜水气单胞菌人工感染的能力,而且还具有一定的促进生长和改善肝功能的作用. 相似文献
6.
酵母免疫多糖对受免斑点叉尾免疫应答的增强作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在饲料中添加定量的酵母免疫多糖,投喂注射接种了福尔马林灭活的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)菌苗的斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus),28 d后通过测定供试鱼的增重量、血清中凝集抗体效价、溶菌酶活性、谷丙转氨酶活性(SGPT)、血清总蛋白含量、白细胞吞噬活性以及活菌攻毒后的免疫保护率(RPS),探讨了酵母免疫多糖对受免斑点叉尾免疫应答的增强作用。结果表明,用添加200.0 mg/(kg.d)酵母免疫多糖的饲料投喂受免斑点叉尾,不仅可以使受免斑点叉尾对灭活嗜水气单胞菌的免疫应答水平提高,增强抵抗嗜水气单胞菌人工感染的能力,而且还具有一定的促进生长和改善肝功能的作用。 相似文献
7.
将淇河鲫(Carassius auratus)随机分为 4 组, 分别以普通饲料、黄芪多糖添加量为 500 mg/kg、1000 mg/kg、 1500 mg/kg 的饲料进行投喂, 42 d 后检测其生长性能、脏器指数和肝脏抗氧化酶活性(总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)及嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)攻毒后淇河鲫的存活率。实验结果显示, 不同剂量的黄芪多糖可显著(P＜0.05)增加淇河鲫增重率和特定生长率; 黄芪多糖添加后淇河鲫肾脏指数和脾脏指数无变化, 仅 1000 mg/kg 黄芪多糖添加组肝脏指数显著高于对照组(P＜0.05); 黄芪多糖能显著增加淇河鲫肝脏 SOD、 CAT 和 GPx 活性, 降低肝脏 MDA 含量(P＜0.05); 不同剂量黄芪多糖添加后均可提高淇河鲫在嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后的存活率, 且 1000 mg/kg 添加组抗菌效果最好, 96 h 后淇河鲫存活率为 75%。上述结果表明, 黄芪多糖可促进淇河鲫生长, 增强其抗氧化能力, 从而提高其抵御细菌感染的抗病力。综合分析和评估, 在水产养殖淇河鲫幼鱼饲料中黄芪多糖适宜添加量为 1000 mg/kg, 可有效防控鱼类感染嗜水气单胞菌疾病的发生。 相似文献
8.
罗氏沼虾气单胞菌MrM0602株的分离和致病性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从濒死的罗氏沼虾体内分离到菌株M rM0602,经形态学观察及API 20E鉴定系统鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌。人工感染健康罗氏沼虾,100%致死剂量为1.0×104cfu/m l,半致死剂量(LD50)为3.16×103cfu/m l。测定菌株M rM0602的胞外产物对小鼠和新西兰大白兔红细胞的溶血活性,表明胞外产物对小鼠红细胞有微弱的溶血活性,对新西兰兔红细胞无溶血活性。胞外蛋白酶活力测定显示,菌株M rM0602胞外产物具有很高的蛋白酶活力,且耐热性很强,65℃仍保持较高活性。常规药物敏感性试验表明,菌株M rM0602对环丙沙星和恩诺沙星高度敏感。 相似文献
9.
虫草菌粉对日本沼虾免疫功能的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在饵料中添加0.5%的虫草菌粉,以口服形式对日本沼虾进行免疫。日本沼虾血淋巴吞噬活性,血清抗菌、溶菌活力及酚氧化酶活力均显著提高。经嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后,试验组的免疫保护率也明显提高。因此,投喂虫草菌粉,能够明显地增强日本沼虾的免疫抵抗能力。 相似文献
10.
为了解超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)分子生物学特性和免疫功能,实验克隆了罗氏沼虾胞质锰SOD基因 (MrcMnSOD),制备多克隆抗体,并分析在嗜水气单胞菌感染下该基因的表达模式。结果显示,嗜水气单胞菌感染可显著诱导MrcMnSOD在转录水平和蛋白质水平进行高表达。为探究MrcMnSOD参与免疫应答的机制,进一步的抑菌实验表明,该蛋白质可显著抑制3种革兰氏阴性细菌 (大肠杆菌、副溶血性弧菌、嗜水气单胞菌)和2种革兰氏阳性细菌 (无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)的生长,且抑制作用与蛋白质浓度的关系不显著。研究表明,MrcMnSOD可能作为一种免疫相关分子参与免疫应答反应。本研究初步探讨了MrcMnSOD的免疫生物学功能,旨在为深入研究罗氏沼虾SOD的功能奠定相关基础。 相似文献
11.
选用初始体质量约8.50 g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella),在56 d的饲养期中分别投喂添加5种不同剂量谷胱甘肽(GSH)(添加量分别为0 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、300 mg/kg和400 mg/kg)的试验饲料,观察GSH对草鱼生长、生理指标和抗病力的影响。结果表明,饲料中添加GSH能够提高草鱼特定生长率、存活率和饲料效率。其中,300 mg/kg GSH组草鱼的特定生长率和400 mg/kg GSH组草鱼的存活率显著高于对照组;添加GSH各组草鱼的饲料效率均显著高于对照组,当添加量为200 mg/kg时草鱼饲料效率达到最高。与对照组相比,饲料中添加GSH的各组草鱼肝胰指数明显升高,其中200 mg/kg组达到显著水平。饲料中添加GSH能够提高血清IGF-1水平,其中300 mg/kg和400 mg/kg组显著高于对照组。与对照组相比,各实验组草鱼血液白细胞数目有不同程度升高,其中300 mg/kg和400 mg/kg组均达到显著水平。饲料中添加GSH可以提高草鱼对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗能力,其中200 mg/kg GSH组草鱼攻毒后存活率达到最高。以特定生长率为判定指标,GSH在草鱼饲料中的适宜添加量为350 mg/kg。 相似文献
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The study was to determine the effect of long-term administration of different dosages of levamisole on growth, immune response and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila & Edwardsiella tarda in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish were fed with four different dosages of levamisole (0, 125, 250 and 500 mg kg−1 diet) for 56 days. Different serum biochemical and haematological parameters such as serum total protein content, albumin content, globulin content, albumin/globulin ratio, glucose content, leucocytes count; cellular immune parameters including superoxide anion production, phagocytic activities, lymphokine production index; humoural immune parameters including lysozyme, complement and serum bactericidal activities were evaluated after 14 days interval. After 56 days, fish were divided into two subgroups under each treatment group for challenge with pathogens A. hydrophila and E. tarda . The cumulative mortality (%) and agglutinating antibody titre was recorded on 28th day postchallenge. WBC count, phagocytic ratio, lymphokine production index, lysozyme activity and serum bactericidal activity were increased upon administration of levamisole dosages for long term. However, the growth performance and survival against pathogens was not significantly changed over 56 days administration of levamisole. But incorporation of moderate dosage of levamisole for 42 days results better immune response without effect on growth and survival of L. rohita fingerlings. 相似文献
13.
用α-苯基苯并吡喃作为饲料添加剂饲喂中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)10 d后,测定了其对中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞中相关免疫因子的影响。实验设3个α-苯基苯并吡喃添加重复组,分别为A组(2 mg/kg)、B组(4 mg/kg)、C组(6 mg/kg)和1个对照重复组(0 mg/kg)。结果表明:α-苯基苯并吡喃添加剂量为4 mg/kg(B组)可显著地提高中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞中酚氧化酶(PO)、溶菌酶(LSZ)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力(P<0.05),说明具有生物活性的α-苯基苯并吡喃可刺激中华绒螯蟹机体免疫相关酶活性的提高。 相似文献
14.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,251(2-4):201-209
Three separate experiments were conducted with juvenile hybrid striped bass to determine the effects of levamisole as a feed supplement on growth performance, innate immunity and specific antibody responses, as well as resistance to Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. A basal diet was formulated to contain 40% protein, 10% lipid and an estimated digestible energy level of 3.5 kcal/g. Four levels (100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) of levamisole were added to the basal diet in place of cellulose. After the 3-week feeding period in feeding trial 1, enhanced weight gain was generally observed in fish fed the diets supplemented with a low level (< 500 mg/kg) of levamisole. Dietary supplementation of levamisole at 100 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced growth and feed efficiency, compared to fish fed the basal diet. Fish fed diet supplemented with 1000 mg levamisole/kg diet showed chronic toxicity signs of inferior growth, reduced feed intake and feed efficiency. Although the extracellular superoxide anion production of head kidney cells, hematocrit, serum lysozyme and peroxidase were not significantly affected by dietary treatments, intracellular superoxide anion production of head kidney macrophages of fish fed 250 mg levamisole/kg diet was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of fish fed the other four diets. The hypothesized benefits of dietary supplementation of levamisole in reducing mortality from infection of pathogenic bacteria including S. iniae and A. hydrophila were not proven after two separate 3-week feeding trials and disease challenges in the present study. Agglutinating antibody titers of individual fish were highly varied and not significantly influenced by dietary levamisole at the tested levels. 相似文献
15.
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh Tran Thi Thanh Hien Wille Mathieu Nguyen Van Hoa & Patrick Sorgeloos 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(6):669-680
A 30-day feeding experiment was conducted in 160-L plastic tanks to evaluate the potential use of Artemia biomass as a protein source in practical diets for postlarval Macrobrachium rosenbergii (initial mean weight of 12.12–12.29 mg). Nine isoenergetic and isonitrogenous experimental diets (approximately 40% crude protein) were formulated by replacing levels of the fishmeal (FM) protein difference either with dried or frozen Artemia (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). The 0% Artemia treatment, in which Peruvian FM was the only main protein source, was considered to be the control diet. The results showed that prawn postlarvae (PLs) fed the FM control diet had a lower survival (46%) compared with all Artemia diets. Significant differences ( P <0.05) were, however, only found at 75% and 100% Artemia protein inclusion levels (survival of 68–77%). A gradual increase in growth performance (live weight gain, specific growth rate and total length) of the prawns was achieved on increasing dietary inclusion of Artemia protein. Additionally, the size distribution exhibited the same response as growth performance. However, prawns fed the frozen Artemia diets showed a better performance than the ones fed the dried Artemia diets. It can be suggested that Artemia biomass may totally replace FM in practical diets for PLs of the freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii . 相似文献
16.
R. Shankar H. Shivananda Murthy H. R. Sujatha E. G. Jayaraj C. S. Tejpal V. S. Chinthamani 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(1):1-12
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary nucleotide on growth, survival, immunity and resistance
to white muscle disease and Aeromonas hydrophila infection in freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). The nucleotide was supplemented at 0, 1.5, 2.25 and 3.0 g/kg diet. The test diets were fed for 60 days in triplicate groups
of prawns, which had initial weight of 0.27 g. At the end of the feeding trial, growth was recorded and non-specific immune
parameters, such as, prophenol oxidase activity, superoxide anion production, total haemocyte count and total serum protein,
were studied in haemolymph samples. Phenol oxidase activity and superoxide anion production were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in prawns fed nucleotide-based diets. Total haemocyte count and haemolymph were higher (P < 0.05) in prawns fed nucleotide-based diets. The relative per cent survival of prawn after the challenge test against white
muscle disease was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in prawn fed nucleotide-incorporated diets. However, there was no effect of nucleotide supplementation on
growth and survival of prawn. 相似文献
17.
Effect of dietary lipid source and vitamin E on growth,non‐specific immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis 
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下载免费PDF全文 Six purified diets were formulated to contain three lipid sources, fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO), at 6% diet lipid crossing two levels of vitamin E (100 and 300 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) for each lipid source (FO100, FO300, LO100, LO300, SO100, SO300). The juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, respectively, fed on these diets with four replicates for 6 weeks. The crab weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly affected by dietary lipid sources. No difference was found between the crabs fed two levels of vitamin E, but the WG and SGR were numerically higher in crab fed 300 mg/kg vitamin E than those fed the other level of vitamin E. The lipid source and vitamin E level could affect fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas. The contents of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and n‐3HUFA were significantly higher in the crab‐fed fish oil. The highest contents of n‐6PUFA and n‐3PUFA were found in the crab‐fed soybean oil and linseed oil respectively. The contents of SAFA, n‐3HUFA and n‐3PUFA were higher in the 300 mg/kg vitamin E treatment. A lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher phenoloxidase (PO) activity were observed in the crab fed 300 mg/kg vitamin E. The results of this study indicate that the Chinese mitten crab fed the diet with 6% fish oil and 300 mg/kg vitamin E showed better growth, antioxidant capacity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila. 相似文献
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为综合评价大黄素、高剂量维生素C及其配伍对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala Yih)抗嗜水气单胞菌感染能力的影响,选取1 200尾健康的团头鲂,体质量为(133.44±2.11)g,随机分成4组,其中1组为对照组,投喂基础日粮,另外3组在基础日粮中分别添加60mg/kg大黄素、700 mg/kg维生素C、60mg/kg大黄素+700mg/kg维生素C(配伍组).饲养60 d后,经腹腔注射感染嗜水气单胞菌,并在攻毒前后检测团头鲂血液和肝脏的生化指标以及肝脏2种热休克蛋白70s(HSP70s)mRNA的表达水平;另从各池中取10尾鱼进行同样的攻毒试验,统计攻毒后各时间点鱼的累积死亡率.结果表明,攻毒后,与对照组相比,大黄素、维生素C组不同程度地提高了血清总蛋白(TP)、溶菌酶(LSZ)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的水平,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性以及HSC70和HSP70 mRNA的表达水平,降低了血清皮质醇(COR)、血糖(GLU)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、甘油三酯(TG)以及肝脏丙二醛(MDA)的水平;配伍组中,这些指标的变化趋势虽与上述类似,但大多与对照组的差异不显著(P＞0.05),且未表现出协同增效作用.此外,各组鱼血清胆固醇(CHOL)的含量在攻毒前后的差异均不显著(P＞0.05).统计也表明,大黄素和维生素C组鱼的累积死亡率在攻毒后24 h、48 h均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),而配伍组试验鱼的累积死亡率与对照组差异均不显著(P＞0.05).由此可见,在基础日粮中添加大黄素60 mg/kg或维生素C 700 mg/kg,可提高鱼体的非特异性免疫力、抗氧化能力以及2种HSP70s mRNA的表达水平,增强鱼体抗病原菌感染的能力.二者配伍则效果不佳. 相似文献