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1.
×Tritordeum (Ascherson et Graebner, an amphiploid between Triticum turgidum conv. durum and Hordeum chilense), and chromosome substitution lines of tritordeum where chromosomes 2 H ch or 3 H ch H. chilense were replaced with chromosome 2 D of T. aestivum or 3 H v chromosome of H. vulgare, respectively, were used to assess the effect of specific chromosomes on the rachis. ×Tritordeum has brittle rachis while the 2 D(2 H ch) and 3 H v (3 H ch) substitution lines have non-brittle rachis. Both lines also have compact spikes, a character highly desirable for the improvement of tritordeum threshability. Different combinations of 2 D and 3 H v translocations were developed in tritordeum. In this article we present information on the identification and characterisation of all these introgression lines by the fluorescent in situ hybridisation.  相似文献   

2.
The construction of a physical map of chromosome 4Hch from Hordeum chilense containing molecular markers capable of detecting segments of this chromosome in a wheat background would be very useful for marker-assisted introgression of 4Hch chromatin into both durum and common wheat. With this aim, the applicability of 106 barley chromosome 4H primers (62 SSRs and 44 STSs) to amplify markers showing polymorphism between H. chilense and both common or bread and durum wheat was investigated. Twenty-five SSR (40.3%) and six STS (13.6%) barley primer pairs consistently amplified H. chilense products. Eight SSR (12.9%) and four STS (9.1%) barley primers were polymorphic between H. chilense and both common and durum wheat, 10 of them (6 SSRs and 4 STSs) were located on chromosome 4Hch using both the addition line of chromosome 4Hch in Chinese Spring wheat and a tritordeum line (an amphiploid between H. chilense and T. turgidum) nullisomic for chromosome 4Hch. Additionally, 18 EST-SSR barley markers previously located on chromosome 4Hch were screened for polymorphism; 15 were polymorphic between H. chilense and both durum and common wheat. For physical mapping we used a ditelosomic tritordeum line for the short arm of chromosome 4Hch and a tritordeum line homozygous for a 70% terminal deletion of the long arm of 4Hch. A total of 25 markers (6 SSRs, 4 STSs and 15 EST-SSRs) were mapped to chromosome 4Hch. Eight markers were allocated on the 4HchS, eight were mapped in the 30% proximal region of 4HchL and nine were on the 70% distal region of 4HchL, respectively. Arm location on barley chromosome 4H was also carried out using both 4HS and 4HL ditelosomic addition lines in wheat. All markers mapped may have a role in marker-assisted introgression of chromatin segments of chromosome 4Hch in both durum and common wheat backgrounds. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

3.
Hexaploid tritordeum is an amphiploid derived from the cross between Hordeum chilense and durum wheat. This amphiploid has shown potential for bread making, which has been associated to the prolamins from H. chilense. The role of each prolamin subunit on the gluten strength in tritordeum has been evaluated. Advanced progenies from two hexaploid tritordeum crosses were analysed for prolamins composition and gluten strength. Six loci were found for the prolamins synthesised at the Hch genome, which showed significant effects on gluten strength. Although these tritordeum lines represent only a small proportion of the genetic variability available in the development programme for this new crop, a certain degree of variation for prolamins composition was detected. In fact, up to three allelic variants have been detected for some loci, which have shown different effect on gluten strength in tritordeum. Each of these six loci appeared on the same linkage group that corresponded to chromosome 1Hch. The search of new variants for these loci could be useful for tritordeum quality breeding and, using tritordeum as a bridge species, this genetic variability could be introgressed into bread wheat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

4.
Hexaploid tritordeum is the amphiploid derived from the cross between Hordeum chilense and durum wheat. The storage proteins synthesized in the Hch genome influence the gluten strength of this amphiploid. The D‐prolamins of H. chilense have been analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with and without urea. A new locus named Glu‐Hch3 has been detected. The effects of allelic variation at this locus on gluten strength, as measured the sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation test, were determined using seeds of 92 lines from a cross of two hexaploid tritordeum lines. Two allelic variants have been detected for this locus, which have shown different effects on gluten strength.  相似文献   

5.
×Tritordeum sp. (Ascherson et Graebner) is the amphiploid obtained after chromosome doubling of hybrids between Hordeum chilense (Roem. et Schult.) and diploid, tetraploid or hexaploid wheats. Tritordeums have consistently higher carotenoid pigment contents than durum or bread wheat. Two distinct H. chilense accessions (used for the synthesis of tritordeum) were analysed for this trait. The chromosomal localization of the genes coding the ability of H. chilense to increase the carotene content of wheat were carried out using two sets of wheat- H. chilense addition lines. The a arm of chromosome 7Hch is proposed to be responsible for the high carotene content in tritordeum. The implication of this finding in wheat breeding is discussed.  相似文献   

6.
The genome of Tritordeum, AABBHchHch, was substituted into the cytoplasms of Triticum aestivum, T. turgidum and Hordeum chilense by repeated back-crossing to produce alloplasmic lines. This substitution did not greatly affect the characters studied, except yield per plot and fertile ears per plant, which were lower on T. turgidum cytoplasm. Cytoplasm from either H. chilense or T. aestivum could be used for breeding tritordeum.  相似文献   

7.
Chromosome 7Hch from Hordeum chilense has potential for improving seed carotenoid content in wheat as it carries a Phytoene synthase 1 (Psy1) gene, which has a major role in this trait. Structural changes in chromosome 7Hch were obtained in common wheat background by crossing the wheat disomic substitution line 7Hch(7D) with a disomic addition line carrying chromosome 2Cc from Aegilops cylindrica in common wheat cv. ‘Chinese Spring’. Rearranged 7Hch chromosomes were cytologically characterized by FISH. A set of 24 molecular markers and the Psy1 gene were used to identify the H. chilense chromosome segments involved in the introgressions. Six structural rearrangements of chromosome 7Hch were identified. They included three homozygous wheat–H. chilense centromeric translocations, one involving the 7HchS arm (T‐7HchS·A/B) and two involving the 7HchL arm (T1‐7HchL·A/B and T2‐7HchL·A/B). In addition, one 7HchS arm deletion, one 7HchL·7HchL isochromosome and one 7HchS telosome were obtained in hemizygous condition. These genetic stocks will be useful for studying the effect of chromosome 7Hch on wheat flour colour.  相似文献   

8.
A hybrid between an induced tetraploid of Hordeum chilense (2n = 28 = HchHchHchHch) and Triticum aestivum var. ‘Chinese Spring’ (2n = 42 = AABBDD) has been produced to test gene effects of this wild barley on homoeologous pairing in wheat. Cytological investigations in metaphase I have shown that the hybrid, which is perennial like H. chilense but morphologically more similar to the wheat parent, possesses the expected genome composition HchHch ABD and a stable euploid chromosome number of 2n = 35. Pairing among the homologous H. chilense chromosomes was almost complete. The level of non-homologous chromosome association proved to be lower than the range of pairing known from euhaploids of ‘Chinese Spring’.  相似文献   

9.
Tritordeum (X Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner) is a synthetic amphiploid belonging to the Triticeae tribe, which resulted from crosses between Hordeum chilense and wheat. It presents useful agronomic traits that could be transferred to wheat, widening its genetic basis. In situ hybridisation with total genomic DNA from H. chilense and cloned, repetitive DNA sequences (pTa71 and pAs1) probes were used to discriminate the parental origin of all chromosomes, to analyse the chromosome pairing and to identify the chromosomes in pollen mother cells (PMCs) at metaphase I of the tritordeum line HT251 (HchHchDD, 2n = 4x = 28). The H. chilense total genomic DNA and the ribosomal sequence pTa71 probes, allowed the unequivocal discrimination of the 14 chromosomes of Hch genome-origin and the 14 chromosomes of D genome-origin. Chromosome pairing analysis revealed meiotic irregularities such as reduced percentage of PMCs with complete homologous pairing, high frequency of univalents, most of H. chilense-origin and a reduced frequency of intragenomic multivalents from both genomes. The H. chilense genome revealed high meiotic instability. After individual chromosome identification at metaphase I with the pAs1 probe, we found the occurrence of pairing between chromosomes of different homoeology groups. The possible interest of the tetraploid tritordeum in the improvement of other Triticeae species is also discussed.  相似文献   

10.
Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Tritordeum   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
P. Barceló    A. Vazquez  A. Martín 《Plant Breeding》1989,103(3):235-240
Regeneration of plants by somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos of hexaploid tritordeum (AABBHchHch, amphiploid Hordeum chilense×Triticum turgidum conv. durum) and durum wheat (Triticum tergidum) was induced on MS medium supplemented with different 2.4-D concentrations. Well-defined embryoids were formed with a high frequency on the scutellar callus from 1 or 2 weeks onwards and plantlets were developed from them. In the best cases from one single explant more than 100 plants could be obtained. Plants were also regenerated by somatic embryogenesis from inflorescences of Hordeum chilense×Triticum turgiditm conv. durum hybrid and its respective hexa-amphiploid. With regard to callus induction and regenerative ability, evident differences between hexa- and octoploid (H. chilense×T. aestivum) tritordeum were found, the latter showing a very low response.  相似文献   

11.
In hexaploid tritordeum, the storage proteins of advanced progenies from two crosses between three hexaploid tritordeum lines were analysed. The effects of allelic variation at the Glu-B1, Glu-Hch1 and Glu-A3/Glu-B3 loci on gluten strength, as measured by the sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation test, were determined using seeds from both crosses. Neither of the two alleles found at the Glu-B1 locus in the crosses analysed had significant effects on gluten strength, but allelic variation at the Glu-Hch1 and Glu-A3/Glu-B3 loci showed significant differences in effects on gluten strength.  相似文献   

12.
Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schult. is a diploid wild South American barley that contains genes of interest for cereal breeding, many of them located on chromosome 1Hch. In the current study, two H. chilense-wheat addition lines with deletions in the 1Hch chromosome were used for sub-arm localization of five prolamin (glutenin and gliadin) loci and 33 EST-SSR marker loci on chromosome 1Hch. The two sets of markers were distributed across five sub-arm chromosome regions. Three glutenin loci (Glu-H ch 2, Glu-H ch 3, Glu-H ch 4) together with the gliadin locus Gli-H ch 1 were located on the distal 20% of the 1HchS arm, whereas the glutenin locus Glu-H ch 1 was on the proximal 88% region of 1HchL. Among 33 EST-SSR marker loci, 7 (21.2%) were on the 1HchS arm and, of them, 3 (9.1%) were on the distal 20% end and 4 (12.1%) on the proximal 80% region. The 26 loci (78.8%) on 1HchL were distributed across three different regions: 18 (78.8%) in the proximal 88%, 3 (9.1%) in the distal 12% and 5 (15.2%) in a region less than 12% from the distal end. The deletions in the 1Hch chromosome added to the common wheat background were thus shown to be useful for determining the sub-arm location of EST-SSR and prolamin loci. This could facilitate the identification of molecular markers linked to genes of agronomic interest and the isolation of such genes for use in common wheat improvement.  相似文献   

13.
In an earlier study, chromosome 1D of the hexaploid breadwheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ was introduced into hexaploid triticale to improve its bread‐making quality. That specific chromosome, 1D, carried the a allele at the Glu‐D1 locus coding for high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits 2 + 12, and since subunits 2 + 12 are associated with poor bread‐making quality in wheat, in the present study hexaploid 1D substitution triticale was crossed with octoploid triticale with the d allele at the Glu‐D1 locus encoding HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10. Following backcrosses to different triticale varieties, 1D substitution lines were established that had Glu‐D1 allele a or d in an otherwise genetically similar background, and the influence of these two different alleles on bread‐making quality of hexaploid triticale was compared. The agronomic performance of 76 selected lines was evaluated in a field trial. The Zeleny sedimentation value was determined as a parameter for bread‐making quality, and related to the presence of chromosome 1D, the different glutenin alleles and the nature of the substitution. The presence of chromosome 1D had a significant and positive effect on the Zeleny sedimentation value, but the difference between the two glutenin alleles 2 + 12 and 5 + 10 was not as obvious as in wheat. Owing to its high cytological stability and minimal effect on agronomic performance, substitution 1D(1A) appears to be the most desirable one to use in triticale breeding.  相似文献   

14.
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley species that has a high degree of genetic variability and significant potential for use in plant breeding. To establish a series of trisomics in H. chilense (2n = 14), plants with 2n + 1 chromosome numbers were isolated from the progenies of selfed triploid plants. Based on both fluorescent in situ hybridization with pAs1 and pTa71 repetitive DNA probes and C-banding patterns, seven different trisomics were tentatively identified. Primary trisomic plants were for chromosomes 1Hch, 4Hch, 5Hch, 6Hch and 7Hch. A secondary trisomic carrying a 5HchS-5HchS isochromosome as the extra chromosome and a trisomic for chromosome 3Hch heterozygous for the 3HchS-4HchL and 4HchS–3HchL interchange were identified. The trisomic for chromosome 1Hch cannot be phenotypically distinguished from the diploid. The rest of the trisomic types were distinguishable from the diploid by their morphological characteristics (relatively poor vigour, decreased size and shorter spikes) but they were morphologically indistinguishable from each other. The frequencies of trisomics among the progenies derived from self-fertilization of these aneuploids ranged from 10.7% to 37.5%, with an average frequency of 26.1%. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

15.
The reaction of tritordeum and its Hordeum chilense and Triticum spp. parents to Septoria tritici was studied in field and seedling experiments. All H. chilense lines were highly resistant to all the isolates and did not allow pycnidia development. The ‘durum wheat isolate’ developed pycnidia only on durum wheats. The ‘breed wheat isolate’ was very virulent on bread wheat but also on the wild tetra-ploid wheats. The other two isolates were compatible with durum and bread wheat. All hexaploid tritordeums were highly resistant both in the field and the seedling experiments. Some octoploid tritordeums allowed pycnidial development, but at much lower levels than their wheat parent. Resistance in tritordeum was not associated with plant stature and only in octoploid tritordeum was association of resistance with late maturity detected.  相似文献   

16.
Wheat/Hordeum chilense disomic addition lines have been used to locate genes influencing resistance against greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rond.) in specific chromosomes of H. chilense. H. chilense is a source of antixenosis, antibiosis and host tolerance to the greenbug, being resistant also to the Russian wheat aphid, the two key pests in wheat. For measuring antixenosis, the numbers of aphids per plant were recorded in a host free choice test; antibiotic resistance was determined by measuring the developmental time, the fecundity and the intrinsic rate of population increase of aphids reared on the different hosts, and host tolerance to aphids was evaluated by the leaf damage and the number of expanded leaves on the hosts after 3 weeks of infestation. The greenbugs belonged to a clone of biotype C. Plant genes with positive effects for antixenosis were located on chromosome 1Hch. Genes with positive effects for antibiosis were located on three different chromosomes and those that prolonged aphid developmental time were located on chromosomes 5Hch and 7Hch while those that reduced the total fecundity were on 4Hch. Chromosome 7Hch accounted for host tolerance to greenbug.  相似文献   

17.
H. Tanaka    N. Nakata    M. Osawa    M. Tomita    H. Tsujimoto  Y. Yasumuro  G. Fischbeck 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(3):279-280
The seed storage proteins of wheat flour are the determinants of bread‐making quality. Many cultivars having good bread‐making quality carry the Glu‐D1d allele responsible for the development of glutenin, a major seed storage protein. The Glu‐D1d allele was introduced into four leading Japanese wheat cultivars by recurrent backcrossing and the quality of these near‐isogenic lines (NILs) was evaluated by the sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation value of their flour. The values for the NILs were significantly higher than for the corresponding recipient cultivars. However, the values did not reach the level of the cultivar that had been used as the donor of the Glu‐D1d allele.  相似文献   

18.
Summary A self-fertile trigeneric hybrid in the Triticeae involving species from the Hordeum, Triticum and Secale genera has been produced. The trigeneric hybrid was obtained by crossing octoploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) with octoploid tritordeum (H. chilense × T. aestivum amphiploid). The trigeneric hybrid presented a genome constitution AABBDDRHch and 2n=8X=56 chromosomes. The cytogenetical analyses showed no chromosome instability nor homeologous pairing between Hordeum and Secale chromosomes. In the F2 generation the chromosome number ranged from 42 to 52. Within this range, the plants with smaller numbers of chromosomes were more frequent. A preferential transmission of rye chromosomes could be inferred.  相似文献   

19.
In hexaploid bread wheat, Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), little work has been carried out to study the genetic control of the synthesis of reduced, non‐reduced and total non‐structural carbohydrates and soluble proteins in aerial and rooting structures. The aim of this paper was to determine the chromosomal location of genes determining carbohydrate and protein synthesis that could be used for diagnostic selection in segregating breeding populations. A set of wheat intervarietal chromosome substitution lines [‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) × synthetic wheat (Triticum diccocoides×Aegilops squarrosa) (Syn)], was used. Plants were cultivated in hydroponic solutions to the fully expanded third leaf stage. Carbohydrate and protein contents and dry matter were determined for aerial and root parts. The root dry weight did not show significant differences between the parental varieties and the substitution lines, except for 5A, 2B and 6B, which had significantly lower dry weights. The aerial dry weight was significantly higher for Syn and the 2A substitution line. The ratio aerial dry weight/root dry weight was significantly higher in Syn, 1A, 2A and 4B. The protein content of the plant showed highly significant differences between both parental lines but 6A and 1D of the substitution lines showed highly significant differences, with contents as high as that for Syn. Syn produced significantly lower total aerial carbohydrates. The substitution lines 2A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 2B, 3D, 5D and 6D showed highly significant total carbohydrate content increases in the aerial parts compared with both parental lines. The non‐reduced carbohydrate contents showed a pattern similar to that of the total carbohydrates. Syn had a lower reduced carbohydrate content than CS. Only the 5A, 2B, and 1D substitution lines had a highly significantly different content of reduced carbohydrates than CS. In roots, Syn produced the lowest values for every type of sugar. The highest significant values for total carbohydrates were found in substitution lines 2B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 1D and 6D. The non‐reduced carbohydrate levels were significantly higher than CS in 2B, 5B, 6B and 6D substitution lines. Only the substitution lines 3B and 1D showed a significantly higher reduced carbohydrate content in roots compared with CS. The photoassimilate partitioning in Syn, 1 A, 2A and 4B favoured the aerial parts but, in contrast, higher partitioning to the roots was found in the 7B, 1D and 3D substitution lines. Both groups appear to carry interesting patterns worth incorporating in wheat cultivars.  相似文献   

20.
Development of wheat–alien translocation lines has facilitated practical utilization of alien species in wheat improvement. The production of a compensating Triticum aestivum–Thinopyrum bessarabicum whole‐arm Robertsonian translocation (RobT) involving chromosomes 6D of wheat and 6Eb of Th. bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14, EbEb) through the mechanism of centric breakage–fusion is reported here. An F2 population was derived from plants double‐monosomic for chromosome 6D and 6Eb from crosses between a DS6Eb(6D) substitution line and bread wheat cultivar ‘Roushan’ (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) as female parent. Eighty F2 genotypes (L1–L80) were screened for chromosome composition. Three PCR‐based Landmark Unique Gene (PLUG) markers specific to chromosomes 6D and 6Eb were used for screening the F2 plants. One plant with a T6EbS.6DL centric fusion (RobT) was identified. A homozygous translocation line with full fertility was recovered among F3 families and verified with genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Grain micronutrient analysis showed that the DS6Eb(6D) substitution line and T6EbS.6DL stock have higher Fe and Zn contents than the recipient wheat cultivar ‘Roushan’.  相似文献   

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