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1.
Elemental abundances of major (Ti, Al, Fe, and Ca), minor (Na, Mn, and Cr), and trace elements [14 rare-earth elements (REE), Y, In, Cd, Rb, Cs, Ba, Co, and Sc] in lunar anorthosites separated from Apollo 11 sample 10085 coarse fines have been determined by means of instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis. The REE distribution pattern of lunar anorthosites, relative to ordinary chondrites, has a positive Eu anomaly. On the assumption that (i) the lunar composition is similar to that of ordinary chondritic meteorites low in total Fe ( approximately 13 percent); (ii) lunar anorthosites are derived from highland cratering events and are representative of the highlands; and (iii) the moon differentiated into olivine, hypersthene, and basaltic and anorthositic phases, and plagioclase crysstallization began after approximately 93 percent solidification, then mass balance calculations yield approximately 30-kilometer and approximately 10-kilometer thicknesses for the lunar highlands for the melting and chemical differentiation of the entire moon and of the upper 200 kilometers, respectively. Corresponding thicknesses of the basaltic basement rocks were approximately 5 kilometers and approximately 2 kilometers, respectively. Alternatively, if the anorthosites of this study are representative of the highlands and the onset of plagioclase crystallization occurred after approximately 50 percent solidification of the initially melted moon, calculations with REE and Ba partition coefficients suggest that the REE and Ba abundances in the primeval moon were similar to those observed in basaltic achondrites. 相似文献
2.
The opaque minerals in the lunar rocks 10047, 10050, 10057, 10059, 10068 and in the dust were studied. Rock 10047 contains ilmenite as a main component besides Al-bearing chromian ulv?spinel, a new Ti, Fe, Zr, Y, Ca silicate, troilite, cobaltian alpha Fe, minor hafnian baddeleyite and dysanalyte. Dysanalyte contains Ca, Ti, and Fe as major elements and shows concentrations (rare earth elements together approximately 10 percent) of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Hf, Y, and Zr plus traces of Nb, Ba, and Na. The chemistry of ilmenite in the igneous rocks shows no appreciable variations. A new mineral of the solid solution series MgTi(2)O(5)-FeTi(2)O(5) has also been encountered in the polymict breccias. The microbreccias and the fines contain meteorite debris indicating an impact origin. 相似文献
3.
Rose HJ Cuttitta F Dwornik EJ Carron MK Christian RP Lindsay JR Ligon DT Larson RR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3918):520-521
Major and selected minor elements were determined in seven whole rock fragments, five portions of pulverized lunar rock, and the lunar soil. Three different rock types were represented: vesicular, fine-grained basaltic rocks; medium to coarse-grained, vuggy gabbroic rocks; and breccia. The ranges (in percent) for the major constituents of the lunar samples are: SiO(2), 38 to 42; Al(2)O(3), 8 to 14; total iron as FeO, 15 to 20; MgO, 6 to 8; CaO, 10 to 12; Na(2)O, 0.5 to 1; K(2)0, 0.05 to 0.4; TiO(2), 8 to 13; MnO, 0.2 to 0.3; and Cr(2)O(3), 0.2 to 0.4. The high reducing capacity of the samples strongly suggests the presence of Ti(III). 相似文献
4.
Petrographic, mineralogic, and x-ray fluorescence analysis of lunar igneous-type rocks and spherules
Three lunar rocks show almost identical mineralogy but grain sizes that vary from basaltic to gabbroic. Clinopyroxene is zoned from augite to subcalcic ferroaugite compositions and is accompanied by decrease in Cr, Al, and Ti. Plagioclase is zoned from 93 to 78 percent anorthite. Olivine (68 percent forsterite) is present in one rock and apatite is rare. Cristobalite, ilmenite with Ti-rich lamellae, ulv?spinel (often Cr-rich), troilite, and kamacite are low in trace elements. Glassy spherules are of basaltic or feldspathic (92 percent anorthite) composition but contain abundant iron spheres of taenite composition (13 percent Ni). Four rock analyses by x-ray fluorescence show affinity with terrestrial basalts but with anomalous amounts of Ti, Na, Cr, Zr, Y, Rb, Nb, Ni, Cu, and Zn. 相似文献
5.
Abundances of oxygen, silicon, and altiminutm in 27 lunar rocks and C aliquants of lunar soil have been determined by 14 MeV neutron activation. Mean abundances and standard deviations of individual abundances (in weight percent) within each type are: type A (2 rocks), 38.5 +/- 1.2 oxygen, 18.9 +/- 0.8 silicon, and 4.0 +/- 0.4 aluminum; type B (7 rocks), 39.4 +/- 1.0 oxygen, 18.7 +/- 0.8 silicon, and 5.0 +/- 0.6 aluminum; type C (18 rocks), 41.1 +/- 1.0 oxygen, 19.7 +/- 0.7 silicon, and 6.6 +/- 0.5 aluminum; soil (3 aliquants), 40.8 +/- 1.2 oxygen, 20.2 +/- 0.2 silicon, and 7.2 +/- 0.1 aluminum. Oxygen abundances are lower than those in most common terrestrial rocks and are comparable to those found in certain types of stony meteorites. From these results the lunar soil is most similar to the type C lunar rocks. 相似文献
6.
Chemical composition of sawdust from lunar rock 12013 and comparison of a java tektite with the rock
Showalter DL Wakita H Smith RH Schmitt RA Gillum DE Ehmann WD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,175(4018):170-172
Abundances of 11 major and minor elements and 11 trace elements have been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis of two Apollo 12013 rock fragments, a sample of rock 12013,17 sawdust, and a Java tektite (J2). Although the abundances of major elements in tektite J2 are similar to those of rock 12013, comparison of the minor and trace elements shows that no fragment or sawdust of rock 12013 that has been analyzed to date is chemically similar to tektite glass. Rock sawdust is representative of "whole rock" composition only if the amount of contamination from the sawing process is known. After appropriate correction for saw wire contamination, analyses of sawdust yield fairly accurate averaged elemental compositions of complex clastic lunar and other rocks. 相似文献
7.
Perkins RW Rancitelli LA Cooper JA Kaye JH Wogman NA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3918):577-580
The (7)Be, (22)Na, (26)Al, (44)Ti, (46)SC, (48)V (51)Cr, (54)Mn, (56)Co, (57)Co, (57)CO, (40)K, (238)U, and (232)Th were measured in lunar fines and portions of three rocks. Major production of cosmogenic radionuclides is due to solar protons, thus their concentrations are far different than those in meteorites. Surface exposures of the rocks and fines are long compared with the 0.74 million year half-life of (26)Al. Lunar fines show substantially higher concentrations of low energy reaction products. The ratios of thorium to uranium are extremely constant at 3.8, which indicates very little geochemical differentiation and are in good agreement with a common nucleosynthesis for lunar and earth materials. 相似文献
8.
Morrison GH Gerard JT Kashuba AT Gangadharam EV Rothenberg AM Potter NM Miller GB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3918):505-507
Results for multielement analysis of lunar soil and of seven rocks returned by Apollo 11 are presented. Sixty-six elements were determined with spark source mass spectrography and neutron activation. U. S. Geological Survey standard W-1 was used as a comparative stanadard. Results indicate an apparent uniformity of composition among the samples. Comparison with solar, meteoritic, and terrestrial abundances reveals depletiozt of volatile elements and enrichment of the rare earths titaniunm, zirconium, yttriuntm, and hafnium. Althouglh there is an overall similarity of the lunar material to basaltic achondrites amid basalts, the differences suggest detailed geochemical processes to the history of this material. 相似文献
9.
Golescaron GG Osawa M Randle K Beyer RL Jerome DY Lindstrom DJ Martin MR McKay SM Steinborn TL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3918):497-499
Ten Apollo 11 specimnens were divided into 24 samtples. Sodillim contents of 8 diverse specimens clluster tightly abolit 0.3 percent. Plagioclase separated from sample 10044 contains aboltt 1.09 percent Na; barium is not enriched in the plagioclase separate. Contents of the rare earths are strikingly high, and relative abtmndances resemble those of calcium-rich achondrites or abyssal basalts but are depleted in Eu by factors of 2 to 3 and in La by about 20 percent. The plagioclase separate is enriched in Eu and pyroxenes (and opaqtte minerals are Eu-depleted. Fine fractions of 10044 are abotit 20 to 40 percent richer in most rare earths (50 percent for Eu) than coarse fractions, probably becaitse of the presence of small grains in which rare earths are mnarkedly concentrated. "Microgabbro" 10045 is imnpoverished, relative to the soil, in rare eartlhs and Hf. Ratios by mass of Zr to Hf are comlparatively low. Abttndances of Mn, Co, Fe, Sc and Cr stiggest systematic differences between igneous rocks on one hanid and breccias and "soil" on the other. Fromn the Co abuindances, no more than about 3 percent of the present "soil" can consist of chondritic mleteorite conitamination. 相似文献
10.
自然酸沉降环境下,土壤酸化是一个逐步累积的过程.在土壤被累积酸化影响下,鼎湖山马尾松林土壤物质元素K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Fe、Mn、Cu和Al的迁移变化规律与对照相比发生改变.土壤中,交换性K+、有效Fe、有效Cu含量持续上升;总P、活性Al含量下降;交换性Ca2+、Mg2+含量开始时明显下降,后又稍有上升;有效Mn变化不大.土壤淋洗液中,K+、Na+含量持续下降;Ca2+、Mg2+含量开始时下降,后趋于缓和;总P、Fe、Cu、Mn和Al含量持续上升.酸沉降对土壤有效Fe、Mn和活性Al以及土壤淋洗液中Mg2+、Mn和Al含量有显著影响.在雨季,马尾松叶片中Ca、Mg元素随处理的酸雨酸度的增加,含量下降,马尾松生长应该注意是否缺Mg和出现Al毒.在酸沉降累积影响下,鼎湖山马尾松林最终将容易出现因土壤养分Mg、P、Cu缺乏和微量元素Fe及有毒元素Al的活化而导致的养分失衡状况的发生. 相似文献
11.
[目的]探究草芽中无机元素的分布情况。[方法]采用微波消解-ICP-MS法对草芽中Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Fe、Ti、Mn、Cu、Zn、Sr、Mo、Ba共13种元素的含量进行测定与分析。[结果]建水草芽中无机元素含量较为丰富,不同地区草芽样品的无机元素总含量相当,Na、Al、Fe这3种元素含量在不同地区草芽中差异明显;相同地区草芽中13种元素含量从高到低依次为K、Na、Mg、Ca、Fe、Al、Mn、Zn、Ba、Sr、Ti、Cu、Mo,元素间存在明显差异但相关性显著。[结论]该研究可为草芽中矿质营养的研究和开发提供参考。 相似文献
12.
以刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)、湖鲚(C.ectenes taihuensis)、凤鲚(C.mystus)和七丝鲚(C.grayii)为研究对象,对其进行元素含量特征研究。利用电感耦合等离子光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定了23种元素(Al、B、Cd、Co、Ca、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Li、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、S、Se、Sn、Sr、Ti和Zn)的含量,其中10种元素(B、Cd、Co、Cr、Li、Mo、Pb、Se、Sn和Ti)低于检出限未被检出。针对不同种类的鲚鱼全鱼所测得的元素进行多元统计分析,结果表明4组样品元素含量差异显著:主成分分析结果显示不同组的鲚鱼样品可较好地被区分,聚类分析映证了这一结论,逐步判别分析显示对全部30尾个体判别正确率为100%。元素含量特征分析结果显示,鲚属鱼类不同物种可以有效被区分。 相似文献
13.
Concentrations of potassium, rubidium, strontium, barium, and rareearth elements have been determined by mass spectrometric isotope dilution for eight Apollo 11 lunar samples and for some separated phases. Potassiumn and ritbidium are at chondritic levels, strontium at 15 times, and barium and rare earths at 30 to 100 times chondritic levels. There are trace element similarities between the lunar samples and basaltic achondrites, terrestrial dredge basalts and the bulk earth. The trace element data appear to be consistent with these lunar samples being the result of limited partial fusion of some material similar to the brecciated eucrite meteorites. 相似文献
14.
对我国南方3个典型岩溶石山区岩石、土壤和牧草中14种矿质元素的分布、迁移和富集特征进行了研究。结果表明,岩溶山区土壤与成土母岩矿质元素含量的多少顺序具有相似性,Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、K含量普遍较高,而Pb、Cu、Mo、Cd含量较低。岩溶山区在成土过程中,Fe、Al、Mn、K元素富集而其他元素相对淋失,矿质元素在土壤各层位的富集表现为A>B>C。Ca、Mg、K等元素主要富集在牧草的叶片中,而Fe、Al、Mn元素主要富集在牧草的根部。牧草根部与土壤之间相同元素的相关性最大,其次是茎部,叶片部分与土壤各层位矿质元素的相关性最差,岩石、土壤、牧草之间矿质元素相关性具有非共轭关系,在土壤中含量较高的元素,其与牧草体内矿质元素的相关性不一定高,而牧草体内相对富集的矿质元素,如Ca、Mg、K元素与土壤中的矿质元素也未表现出显著的相关性。 相似文献
15.
采用单道扫描等离子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)对四川北部25个产茶县133个茶园土壤中Al、S、P、K等16种无机营养元素含量进行测定,着重研究了该地区茶园土壤的无机营养元素背景值特征.结果表明,川北茶区土壤中S、P、K、Ca、Ti元素表现为显著贫化,Sb和Se表现为相对富集,其浓集系数k分别达9.47和5.38,其它Al、Mg、Mn等9种元素与中国土壤含量背景值相当或略低;营养元素背景值因土壤类型的不同而表现出一定的差异,Sb、Zn的背景值在不同类型土壤中差异显著, S、Sb的背景值以砂土中最高,K、Mg、Ca、Se、Ti的背景值以酸性紫色土中最高,Al和Mo的背景值以黄壤中最高,而P、Mn、V、B、Zn、Co、Ni等元素的背景值则以棕壤中最高. 相似文献
16.
自组织特征映射神经网络技术（self-organizing map,SOM）因其强大的非线性拟合能力和可视化特点在土壤多维数据分析中具有独特的优势。将SOM技术应用于表层土壤多维数据分析,进而开展人工神经网络技术（artificial neural network,ANN）在环境领域的应用研究。以乌苏-奎屯-独山子-沙湾地区为研究区域,共采集199个表层土壤样本,分析得到22个土壤属性。利用SOM技术开展了土壤聚类分析、采样点优化、土壤属性相关性等研究。结果表明：研究区域土壤属性变异系数较高,土壤受人类活动影响明显,除pH外,其余21个土壤属性数据分布服从正态分布或对数正态分布。依据土壤内在的相关性及土壤属性的相似性,将土壤样本分为42组,综合考虑分组情况和采样点的空间分布特点,将土壤属性显著相似且空间相邻的24个采样点进行优化处理。土壤属性之间呈现一定的相关性,如OM与pH呈负相关性,而与ωH2O呈正相关性;OM与As、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Al、Co、Fe、Mo、Ti呈正相关性,但与K、Na、Sb呈负相关性;Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Co、Fe之间呈正相关性;Cd和Ni呈正相关性;Al和Ti具有较高的正相关性;而V、Hg、Pb、Sb相互间无显著相关性。 相似文献
17.
【目的】探讨‘富士’苹果果皮矿物元素含量的地域特征及产地溯源的可行性，结合多元统计分析，筛选出有效的判别指标，建立‘富士’苹果产地溯源模型，实现‘富士’苹果产地识别。【方法】以我国两大主产区（渤海湾产区和黄土高原产区）的124份‘富士’苹果为研究对象，采用电感耦合等离子质谱技术（ICP-MS）测定果皮中常量元素钠（Na）、镁（Mg）、钾（K）、钙（Ca），微量元素钒（V）、铬（Cr）、锰（Mn）、铁（Fe）、钴（Co）、镍（Ni）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、砷（As）、钼（Mo）、镉（Cd）、锑（Sb）、钡（Ba）、铅（Pb）、铀（U），稀土元素钇（Y）、镧（La）、铯（Ce）、镨（Pr）、钕（Nd）、钐（Sm）、铕（Eu）、钆（Gd）、铽（Tb）、镝（Dy）、钬（Ho）、铒（Er），共31种矿物元素的含量，并结合独立样本T检验、主成分分析、线性判别分析、正交偏最小二乘判别分析进行‘富士’苹果的产地溯源。【结果】渤海湾产区和黄土高原产区的果皮样品中矿物元素Mg、Ca、Na、Fe、Mn、Cu、Ba、Ni、Nd、Pb、V、Ce、Pr、La、Dy、U、Ho和Co含量差异显著（P<0.05）。主成分分析结果表明，提取的12个主成分累计方差贡献率为81%，可对两大产区的样品进行初步聚类。利用线性判别分析，筛选出10种矿物元素（Mg、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Gd、Tb、Dy、U）作为判别两大产区‘富士’苹果地域来源较好的指标，所建立的判别模型，对原始整体判别率为92%，交叉验证判别率为89.5%。通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析，确定Co、Ba、Ho、Dy、Pr这5种矿物元素在样品分类中起关键作用，模型的产地鉴别准确率可达98%，实现了两个产区‘富士’苹果的产地溯源。【结论】‘富士’苹果果皮可作为一种有效的溯源部位。稀土元素Dy、Ho、Pr、Gd、Tb的含量可作为‘富士’苹果产地溯源的重要指标。本研究结果可为‘富士’苹果产地溯源提供理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
18.
云南水稻土中主要矿质元素对水稻籽粒矿质元素积累的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选取云南不同区域的水稻土、水稻籽粒55个样品,用等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)分别测定糙米、精米及其对应种植土壤中18种矿质元素的含量,比较了糙米和精米中18种矿质元素的含量差异,并对矿质元素在土壤―水稻系统中的迁移规律进行了分析.结果表明,1)18种矿质元素含量在水稻品种(系)间差异极大.糙米中各矿质元素的平均含量高低排序为P、K、Mg、S、Ca、Zn、Mn、Al、Na、Fe、Cu、B、Mo、Sn、Ni、Cr、Ba、Sr,精米中各矿质元素的平均含量变化趋势与糙米相似.除Na外,糙米中K、P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn等17种元素含量极显著高于精米.2)不同地点间各元素含量的差异较大.各元素含量的变异系数大小依次为Ca、Ni、Cr、K、Mg、Mn、Sr、Cu、Ba、S、Na、Zn、Fe、Sn、P、Al、B、Mo.3)稻米与土壤间各矿质元素含量密切相关.水稻籽粒中P、Cr、Sr、Mg、Zn、Cu、S和Ni的聚集,主要归因于水稻土中矿质元素的聚集和迁移,其迁移能力大小依次为P、Cr、Sr、Mg、Zn、K、Ca、S、Cu、Ni. 相似文献
19.
The glassy coating of lunar rock 12017 is enriched in 15 trace elements relative to the crystalline interior. It apparently consists chiefly of shock-melted rock, somewhat richer in rare earth elements and alkali metals than rock 12017 itself. The glass has been contaminated by about 0.5 percent carbonaceous-chondrite-like material or, alternatively, by a mixture of 0.06 to 0.3 percent fractionated meteoritic material and approximately 10 to 15 percent local soil. The glazing seems to represent molten material splashed from a nearby meteorite impact and not in situ melting by a sudden increase in solar luminosity. 相似文献
20.
云南百合矿质元素的变异特征和性状的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对云南百合品种60份材料的15种矿质元素(S、P、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、B、Mo、Sr、Ni、Al)进行测定与分析。结果表明,ICP-AES同时测定百合中15种元素含量的结果是令人满意的;不同百合品种间矿质元素中S、Na、Mg、Fe、Mn、Mo、Ni含量变异小(5%~13%),而P、K、Ca、Zn、Cu、B、Sr、Al含量变异大(17%~54%);在百合的15种矿质元素中,K和Na,Ca和Mo,Zn和Mn都达到极显著相关水平,而P和Mg,Cu和Sr也达到显著相关水平,其它矿质元素间的相关均未达到显著水平。文章为探讨利用矿质元素,对百合繁育材料进行快速、可靠筛选的可行性提供了大量有益的参考数据。 相似文献