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9种菊科植物提取物对蔬菜3种害虫拒食活性的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
测定了金腰箭等 9种菊科植物提取物对菜粉蝶、小菜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的拒食活性。结果表明 ,这些菊科植物对菜粉蝶幼虫、小菜蛾幼虫和斜纹夜蛾幼虫都有不同程度的拒食作用。其中金腰箭、铺地菊、胜红蓟对菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食效果好 ,1%的提取物拒食率 2 4h(小时 )与 4 8h(小时 )达 80 %以上 ;金腰箭、铺地菊对小菜蛾也有较强的拒食效果 ,1%的提取物拒食率 2 4h(小时 )与 4 8h(小时 )达 6 0 %～ 80 % ;而对斜纹夜蛾的拒食效果均较差 ,2 %的提取物最高的拒食率也仅为 6 0 %左右。 相似文献
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苍耳有效成分的提取及其杀虫活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别用石油醚、苯、丙酮和乙醇4种溶剂提取苍耳植株的有效成分,将获得的4种提取物以不同浓度处理菜粉蝶的幼虫,研究这4种提取物对菜粉蝶的杀虫活性。结果表明:这4种提取物对菜粉蝶都具有生物活性,随着浓度的减小,杀虫活性也随之降低,但石油醚提取物在低浓度情况下具有较高的拒食率。其中,就拒食作用而言,以乙醇提取物的效果最好,48 h不同浓度的提取物(0.08 g/mL和0.32 g/mL)拒食率分别为78.53%和96.24%;就触杀作用而言,以丙酮提取物的效果最好,24、48 h的校正死亡率分别为77.78%和81.48%;而毒杀作用以乙醇的提取物作用最好,1、4、7 d的校正死亡率分别为73.33%、85.33%和92.12%。 相似文献
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樟树和黄花蒿浸提物对菜青虫的生物活性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了樟树和黄花蒿的乙醇、氯仿、石油醚浸提物对菜青虫的拒食和触杀作用。结果表明 ,黄花蒿乙醇浸提物和樟树石油醚浸提物的活性较好 ,4 8h拒食率分别为 72 .11%、5 7.86 % ,触杀作用的LC50 分别为 1.2 32、1.2 75g·L-1(DW)。 相似文献
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苍耳等药用植物提取物对小菜蛾的拒食作用和产卵忌避效果 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
室内采用叶碟法,研究苍耳(Xanthium sibiricumPetril)等8种药用植物乙醇提取物对小菜蛾(Plutel-la xylostella)的拒食和产卵忌避活性。结果表明,苍耳(果实)、雷公藤(根)和商陆(根)乙醇提取物对小菜蛾4龄幼虫的取食均有较强的抑制作用,选择性拒食率分别为86.16%、49.06%和43.82%;非选择性拒食效果仍以苍耳(果实)提取物最好,达45.23%。选择性产卵忌避率以雷公藤(根)提取物为最高(69.52%),其次是苍耳(果实)和山苍树(枝叶)提取物,分别为62.50%和57.72%,雷公藤(根)、商陆(根)、窃衣(茎叶)和苍耳(果实)的非选择性产卵忌避作用均在77%以上。苍耳和雷公藤提取物在对小菜蛾的拒食和产卵忌避的各测试中,均表现较强活性。 相似文献
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几种有机磷类杀虫药剂对美洲斑潜蝇活性的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
测定了有机磷类农药毒死蜱、乐果、马拉硫磷、敌敌畏对美洲斑潜蝇各龄幼虫、雌成虫的毒力,进行了成虫取食及产卵的选择、非选择试验和田间小区试验。结果表明：美洲斑潜蝇１、２、３龄幼虫、雌成虫对毒死蜱最敏感,１、２、３龄幼虫对毒死蜱的ＬＣ５０分别是０．０６８２、０．１２１６、０．１４２３ｇ／Ｌ,雌成虫对毒死蜱２４ｈ、４８ｈ的ＬＣ５０分别是０．１５７１和０．１３０４ｇ／Ｌ;毒死蜱对美洲斑潜蝇的取食、产卵拒避持效期分别是６天和８天,用浓度０．４８ｇ／Ｌ毒死蜱处理２、４、６、８天后接虫,幼虫的存活率分别为０、１８．８％、４６．２％和７６．５％;田间用浓度０．４８、０．３２ｇ／Ｌ分别处理,６天的校正虫口减退率分别为９１．０７％和８６．３９％。 相似文献
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茶皂素对菜青虫幼虫的拒食活性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定了茶皂素对菜青虫幼虫的拒食作用。结果表明,当浓度高于８００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１时,茶皂素对菜青虫３、４、５龄幼虫均有很强的拒食活性;２４ｈ（小时）的拒食中质量浓度ＡＦＣ５０分别为１３０．３６、１７２．９７和２２０．８６ｍｇ·Ｌ－１。田间小区试验结果显示,６０％的茶皂素原粉１５０倍（４０００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）和３００倍（２０００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）液对芥蓝菜具有很好的保叶效果,对菜青虫的为害有一定的控制作用。 相似文献
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兴安獐牙菜不同提取液对甘蓝夜蛾的生物活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了兴安獐牙菜全草的不同提取液对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫的触杀和拒食作用.研究结果表明,乙醇浸提液对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫具有较高的触杀作用,24,48 h的致死中浓度(LC50)分别为3.746 7,3.172 7 mg/mL.水蒸气蒸馏液对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫具有较强的拒食作用,24,48 h的拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为5.039 9,5.216 7 mg/mL.丙酮浸提液对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫的触杀和拒食作用不显著. 相似文献
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AIM: To investigate the effect of brain tissue extract of hypoxia-preconditioned mice (HP extract) on tolerance of PC12 cells to hypoxia. METHODS: The mice model of acute repetitive hypoxia was reproduced and brain tissue extracts were prepared. HP extract was added into the cultures of PC12 cells and the final concentrations of HP extracts were 0.2, 0.8, 3.2, 6.4 or 12.8 g/L (HP group), respectively. Brain tissue extract of normal mice (N extract) at the same five concentrations were used as controls (N group). The PC12 cells were cultured in hypoxia (2% O2). After hypoxia for 24 h, 48 h or 72 h, colorimetric method (A570) of tetrazolium salt MTT (3-［4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl］-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromid) staining was adopted to determine the cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release percentage assay was also conducted after 24 h, 48 h or 72 h hypoxia. Besides, apoptotic percentages at early stage (24 h hypoxia) and late stage (72 h hypoxia) were detected respectively by means of annexin V-FITC/PI double-stained flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 stained fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: HP extract at the concentrations lower than 6.4 g/L (including 6.4 g/L) showed protective effect on PC12 cells in early stage of hypoxia (24 h). A570 values in HP group were significantly higher than those in N group, but LDH release percentages were significantly lower than those in N group after 24 h hypoxia. With hypoxia prolonging, HP extract at high concentrations gradually lost the protective effect. At the time point of 72 h hypoxia, HP extract at concentrations higher than 6.4 g/L (including 6.4 g/L) had pro-apoptotic effect. At this time point, A570 values of HP groups at these concentrations were significantly lower than those in the corresponding N group, both LDH release percentages and apoptotic percentages were significantly higher than those in the N group. CONCLUSION: The effects of HP extract on tolerance of PC12 cells to hypoxia depend on its concentrations and on the time of treatment. 相似文献
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AIM: To study the effect of β1-adrenergic agonist on alveolar fluid clearance in hypoxic rat lungs. METHODS: Rats were exposed to 10% oxygen. Alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and lung water content (TLW) were calculated in rats exposed to hypoxia for 24 h and 48 h. Isotonic 5% albumin in solutions with different pharmacological agents were instilled into the distal airways in the hypoxia exposed and room air-exposed rat lungs, and the AFC was examined. RESULTS: As compared with the room air-exposed rats (17.50%±2.66%), AFC in the rats exposed to 10% oxygen was not decreased (18.70%±3.19%), AFC in the rats exposed to 10% oxygen for 48 h was decreased (8.59%±2.60%). Denopamine, a β1-adrenergic agonist, increased AFC significantly in the rats exposed to room air and hypoxia. The potency of 10-5 mol/L denopamine was similar to that of 10-5mol/L terbutaline. The denopamine effect was partly blocked by inhibitors of sodium transport amiloride and ouabain (AFC were 11.80%±2.79% and 8.53%±2.17%). CONCLUSION: Denopamine, a selective β1-adrenergic agonist, stimulates alveolar fluid clearance in rats exposed to hypoxia through the active sodium transport, and may have therapeutical effect on pulmonary edema after acute lung injury. 相似文献