首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
为明确不同燕麦种质资源抗白粉病差异,于2012-2014年采用田间自然感病法对213份燕麦(Avena sativa)种质进行了由禾布氏白粉菌燕麦专化型(Blumeria graminis f.sp.avenae)引起的燕麦白粉病的田间抗性筛选和评价。结果表明,在供试材料中未监测到免疫材料;12份材料青永久420、青永久316、青永久9、青永久252、青永久98、青永久180、青永久479、青永久25、青永久87、永118、青永久304和五燕6号表现高抗(HR);199、青永久164、青永久237、青永久260、青永久83、青永久49、青永久016、青永久94、青321、青永久154、原45、永73-1、83-27、S20-36-6、保罗、330、原15和白苏鲁2055共18份材料表现中抗;其余183份表现中感、高感和极感,分别占供试材料的5.6%、8.5%和85.9%。获得的这些有效抗病种质,可为品种的合理布局及抗病育种提供核心抗源。  相似文献   

2.
为明确不同燕麦种质抗大麦黄矮病毒差异,于2011～2016年采用人工接种对291份燕麦种质进行了由大麦黄矮病毒(Barley yellow dwarf virus,BYDV)引起的燕麦红叶病的田间抗性鉴定。结果表明:在供试的204份皮燕麦(Hulled oats)材料中,未检测出免疫材料;其中DA92-2F4,DA92-3F4和Rigdon等3份材料表现高抗(HR),占供试材料的1.5%;Wallaroo、青永久96、青23、青永久709等11份材料表现为抗(R),占5.4%;青3115、131-10燕麦、S20-36-6、DA92-1F4、青永久304等42份材料表现中抗(MR),占20.6%;45份和103份材料分别表现感(S)和高感(HS),占22.1%和50.5%。在供试的87份裸燕麦(Naked oats)材料中,未检测到免疫材料,其中VAO-1,定莜2032和花早2号等3份材料表现高抗(HR),占3.4%;2002x2-2-5-1-5-16、200215-13-2-2、9641-6、9418和08行-171-22等5份材料表现抗(R),占5.7%;白燕2号、白燕11号、内燕4号、07-21-7、定西R-30-21燕麦等28份材料表现为中抗(MR),占32.2%;36份和15份材料分别表现感(S)和高感(HS),占41.4%和17.2%。6份燕麦品种(系)首次被鉴定为高抗BYDV材料,可为燕麦种质的合理布局和抗病育种提供核心抗源。  相似文献   

3.
由大麦黄矮病毒(barley yellow dwarf virus, BYDV)导致的燕麦(Avena sativa)红叶病,是我国燕麦产区的主要病害之一。为明确不同燕麦种质材料对蚜虫和大麦黄矮病毒的抗性水平,本研究于2015–2017年,用模糊识别法和目测法调查了33份燕麦资源在灌浆期自然感染蚜虫和BYDV的情况。通过计算蚜量比值和病害平均严重度,对其进行了抗蚜性和抗病性评价。结果表明,铃铛麦、青永久420、青永久119、白燕1号、农大360、MN10253、宁莜1号和重穗莜麦8份材料在3年间均对蚜虫表现抗性,占供试材料的24.24%。而Jim、MN11213和花晚6号3年间均一致表现感蚜,占供试材料的9.09%;参试材料中有10份均对BYDV表现抗性,包括铃铛麦、堵吉、农大360、青永久119、青永久260、青永久420、科燕1号、青永久31、宁莜1号和青永久9,占供试材料的30.3%。而定莜4号和Jim在3年间均一致表现感病,占供试材料的6.06%。33份供试材料中在3年间既抗蚜虫又抗BYDV的有铃铛麦、青永久119、青永久420、农大360和宁莜1号5份,是优异的病虫兼抗燕麦种质;Jim既感蚜又感BYDV。田间蚜量比值与BYDV病害严重度呈显著正相关关系(P 0.05)。白燕15号作为离群材料,易被BYDV感染。本研究对燕麦种质资源抗蚜性和BYDV抗性进行了分析,筛选出了抗性较强的燕麦种质,对燕麦的抗病虫育种工作具有极其重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

4.
为选育适应青藏高原高海拔地区高产优质的早熟燕麦品种，对西宁地区种植的595份燕麦资源进行熟性划分，筛选出22份产量优异的早熟燕麦资源，在海北和湟中2个试验点进行适应性评价，选择生产性能良好的早熟燕麦资源进行籽粒性状比较，为选育适宜青藏高原高寒地区种植推广的早熟燕麦提供了理论依据。结果表明：1)早熟燕麦主要是缩短了拔节期-孕穗期和开花期-完熟期的时间，从而缩短了整个生育期。中熟和晚熟燕麦资源干草产量表现较高，平均为4744.8和4999.9 kg·hm-2；而中熟燕麦资源平均种子产量表现最高，为3186.9 kg·hm-2。2)筛选的22份早熟燕麦资源中，平均饲草产量以海北试验点表现较高，为10209.5 kg·hm-2，平均种子产量以湟中试验点表现较高，为2640.6 kg·hm-2；海拔3100 m的海北试验点燕麦平均生育期较海拔2700 m的湟中试验点推迟15.3 d，生育期超过116 d不能在海北地区进行种子生产。3)湟中试验点燕麦种子萌发性能远高于海北试验点，其中青永久782、青永久797在...  相似文献   

5.
在甘肃省陇西县南部山区引种了15份燕麦(Avena sativa)种质,通过测定株高,产草量和牧草品质等项目,评价了15份燕麦种质的表现。结果表明,供试燕麦株高在83.1~119.8cm,平均株高为100.9cm;青永久108燕麦的产草量最高,为12.9t/hm2,青永久205燕麦的产草量最低,为4.4t/hm2。青永久198、青永久416、青永久205和青永久415叶片产量较高,约占总产量的35%以上;青永久415燕麦干草的粗蛋白含量为8.2%,显著高于其他燕麦种质(P0.05),青永久83燕麦的粗蛋白含量最低,为3.1%;青永久286燕麦的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量为44.5%,显著高于其他燕麦(P0.05);青永久198燕麦的ADF含量为21.5%,显著低于其余各燕麦种质(P0.05);青永久108燕麦的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量显著高于其他燕麦种质(P0.05);青永久18燕麦的NDF含量为39.9%,显著低于其余燕麦种质(P0.05)。综合干草产量和品质分析表明,青永久108和青永久415燕麦是甘肃陇西南部二阴山区建植燕麦栽培草地的首选品种。  相似文献   

6.
青藏高原燕麦品种生物抗性初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
研究26个燕麦(Avena sativa L.)品种的抗病性和抗蚜性,采用灰色系统理论对其进行综合评价。结果表明:黄矮病是天祝地区燕麦的主要病害,其中青永久18、青永久81、青永久15、青永久139、青永久136、丹麦444及青永久316抗性综合表现优异;表现良好的有青永久877、CNC、青引1号;表现一般的有青永久94、青永久118、青永久343、青永久440以及初岛燕麦,其余品种表现较差;用逐步回归法筛选出对燕麦品种生物抗性影响显著的指标,分别为黄矮病病情指数、植株矮化率、褐枯病发病率及蚜害指数,并以此为据建立了天祝高寒地区燕麦生物抗性综合评价的指标体系。  相似文献   

7.
鉴定不同居群鹅观草种质对条锈病和白粉病的抗性,为牧草及麦类作物抗病基因的选取和抗病品种选育提供遗传资源基础。本研究采用田间接种法对来自国内外的34份鹅观草种质资源(野生资源33份,品种1份)进行了成株期抗病性鉴定和评价。结果表明,种质资源抗病能力存在多样性。34份鹅观草条锈病的严重度、病叶率和病情指数的变异范围分别为11.49%~50.46%,19.85%~74.24%和2.63~37.60,变异系数分别为30.01%,26.54%和49.67%;反应型和发生程度的变异范围分别为1~4和轻发生(1级)至大发生(5级);各病害指标之间均为极显著正相关(P<0.01)。以上5个指标综合聚类分析表明:34份材料中,6份高抗(HR,占17.65%)、4份中抗(MR,占11.76%)、17份中感(MS,占50.00%)和7份高感(HS,占20.59%)。34份鹅观草白粉病的反应型、严重度和植株感病率的变异范围分别为0~4,0~60.00%和0~100%;34份材料聚类分析得知:12份高抗(HR,占35.29%)、5份中抗(MR,占14.71%)、11份中感(MS,占32.35%)和6份高感(HS,占17.65%)。对条锈病和白粉病均具有较好抗性的材料有ZY 1007和Pr 87-88 344,可作为育种材料进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

8.
豌豆种质资源白粉病抗性鉴定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
为了充分利用抗病豌豆(Pisum sativum)种质资源,于2009～2011年连续3年对来自国内外的535份豌豆材料进行白粉病田间自然鉴定。结果表明,田间表现高抗的有1个材料,占鉴定总数的0.19%;抗病材料2个,占总数的0.37%;中抗材料17个,占总数的3.18%;中感材料60个,占总数的11.12%;感病材料434个,占总数的81.12%;高感材料21个,占总数的3.93%。通过对田间表现出抗性的20个材料进行室内苗期接种鉴定表明,除了4个中抗材料的抗性发生了变化外,其余均与田间抗性表现一致,具有较好的抗性稳定性。  相似文献   

9.
为明确不同燕麦种质抗坚黑穗病（Ustilago segetum var. avenae）的差异和探讨形成燕麦抗坚黑穗病鉴定技术规范,于2013-2014年采用菌粉拌种和菌土覆盖的接种方法对135份燕麦种质进行坚黑穗病的田间抗性鉴定,结果表明,在菌粉拌种条件下,64份裸燕麦中,12份免疫,6份高抗,1份抗,19份中感,16份感,10份高感,分别占鉴定裸燕麦的18.8%,9.4%,1.6%,29.7%,25.0%,15.6%;71份皮燕麦中,45份免疫,22份高抗,2份抗,2份中感,分别占鉴定皮燕麦的63.4%,31.0%,2.8%,2.8%。在菌土覆盖条件下,64份裸燕麦中,17份免疫,8份高抗,13份抗,22份中感,3份感,1份高感,分别占鉴定裸燕麦的26.6%,12.5%,20.3%,34.4%,4.7%,1.6%;71份皮燕麦中,56份免疫,13份高抗,1份抗,1份中感,分别占鉴定皮燕麦的78.9%,18.3%,1.4%,1.4%;在2种接种方法下,62份材料抗性完全一致;10份材料在菌粉拌种接种方法的抗病性低于菌土覆盖的抗病性;菌粉拌种较菌土覆盖易使63个燕麦品种的发病率增加,使其抗病性下降,说明菌粉拌种接种方法明显优于菌土覆盖。试验中获得的这些有效抗病种质,可为品种的合理布局和更替提供科学依据,同时可为育种部门提供核心抗源。  相似文献   

10.
燕麦种质抗坚黑穗病鉴定与评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为明确不同燕麦种质抗坚黑穗病(Ustilago segetum var.avenae)的差异和探讨形成燕麦抗坚黑穗病鉴定技术规范,于2013-2014年采用菌粉拌种和菌土覆盖的接种方法对135份燕麦种质进行坚黑穗病的田间抗性鉴定,结果表明,在菌粉拌种条件下,64份裸燕麦中,12份免疫,6份高抗,1份抗,19份中感,16份感,10份高感,分别占鉴定裸燕麦的18.8%,9.4%,1.6%,29.7%,25.0%,15.6%;71份皮燕麦中,45份免疫,22份高抗,2份抗,2份中感,分别占鉴定皮燕麦的63.4%,31.0%,2.8%,2.8%。在菌土覆盖条件下,64份裸燕麦中,17份免疫,8份高抗,13份抗,22份中感,3份感,1份高感,分别占鉴定裸燕麦的26.6%,12.5%,20.3%,34.4%,4.7%,1.6%;71份皮燕麦中,56份免疫,13份高抗,1份抗,1份中感,分别占鉴定皮燕麦的78.9%,18.3%,1.4%,1.4%;在2种接种方法下,62份材料抗性完全一致;10份材料在菌粉拌种接种方法的抗病性低于菌土覆盖的抗病性;菌粉拌种较菌土覆盖易使63个燕麦品种的发病率增加,使其抗病性下降,说明菌粉拌种接种方法明显优于菌土覆盖。试验中获得的这些有效抗病种质,可为品种的合理布局和更替提供科学依据,同时可为育种部门提供核心抗源。  相似文献   

11.
To investigate the supplemental effects of Bacillus subtilis C‐3102 on the production, hatching performance, egg quality, serum antioxidant capacity and immune response of laying breeders, a total of 480 Xuefeng black‐bone (25‐week‐old) hens were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: Hens fed the basal diets with 0 (CON), 3.0 × 105 (BS‐1), 6.0 × 105 cfu/g (BS‐2) and 9.0 × 105 (BS‐3) cfu/g of B. subtilis C‐3102. As the B. subtilis C‐3102 level increased, egg weight (linear, p < 0.01; quadratic, p = 0.003), fertility (linear, p = 0.021; quadratic, p = 0.059), hatchability (linear, p = 0.038; quadratic, p = 0.119) and yolk colour (linear, p = 0.006; quadratic, p = 0.021) increased in a linear or quadratic manner. Yolk index increased quadratically (linear, p = 0.054; quadratic, p = 0.017), and eggshell thickness (linear, p = 0.036; quadratic, p = 0.128), the activity of GSH‐Px (linear, p = 0.024; quadratic, p = 0.078), the concentration of IgM (linear, p = 0.016; quadratic, p = 0.056) and the level of AIV‐Ab (linear, p = 0.034; quadratic, p = 0.103) in the serum increased linearly as dietary supplementation of B. subtilis C‐3102 increased. The results showed that dietary treatments did not affect egg production, feed conversion ratio, egg mass, hatchability of fertile eggs, eggshell‐breaking strength, egg‐shape index, yolk percentage, Haugh unit, T‐SOD, T‐AOC, MDA, IgA and IgG concentrations and the level of NDV‐Ab in the serum. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 9.0 × 105 cfu/g B. subtilis C‐3102 in laying breeders diets may be a feasible means of effectively increasing egg weight, fertility and hatchability, and improving egg quality such as eggshell thickness, yolk index and yolk colour. Besides, B. subtilis C‐3102 can enhance the activity of GSH‐Px, the concentration of IgM and the level of AIV‐Ab in the serum.  相似文献   

12.
Lipids and proteins can be used for sperm vitrification to preserve the integrity of sperm membranes or to increase the viscosity of the medium. This study evaluated the effect of low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and milk serum proteins (Pronexcell) for stallion sperm vitrification. Hippex extender (Barex Biochemical Products, The Netherlands), plus 1% of bovine serum albumin and 100 mM of trehalose, was used as control for sperm vitrification. In experiment 1, different concentrations of LDL (L1 = 0.25, L2 = 0.5, L3 = 1%) and in experiment 2 of Pronexcell (P1 = 1, P2 = 5, P3 = 10%) were added to control extender. Vitrification was performed in 0.25‐ml straws directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. Total motility (TM, %) and progressive motility (PM, %) were analysed by CASA, and plasma membrane (IMS, %) and acrosome membrane integrity (AIS, %) were assessed under epifluorescence microscopy. Post‐warmed sperm parameters were compared between treatments by ANOVA. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. In both experiments, the minimum concentration of LDL and Pronexcell obtained significantly higher values (p < 0.01) than the control extender for TM (L1 = 52.95 ± 4.4; P1 = 58.99 ± 4.6; C = 30.88 ± 3.0), PM (L1 = 36.79 ± 5.5; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 19.20 ± 2.4), IMS (L1 = 68.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 52.81 ± 2.6) and AIS (L1 = 45.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 26.00 ± 2.1). No differences in sperm parameters were found among different concentrations of LDL or Pronexcell. In conclusion, the addition of 0.25% LDL and 1% Pronexcell to the vitrification extender is recommended to improve the quality of stallion sperm after vitrification.  相似文献   

13.
Epizootic lymphangitis is prevalent in equines in Ethiopia, causing remarkable economic and welfare impacts but often neglected. Lack of effective treatment contributed to its continued occurrence, and hence, search for an effective treatment should be considered a priority area to minimize its impacts. Previous ethnobotanical studies have reported that Curcuma longa, Phytolacca dodecandra, and Datura stramonium were used to treat cutaneous fungal infections and reduce their incidence. The treatment effects of these plants against epizootic lymphangitis should be studied. The in vitro growth inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of the root of C. longa, berry of P. dodecandra, and leaf of D. stramonium were evaluated. Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum was isolated from clinical cases of epizootic lymphangitis in carthorses in central Ethiopia. The nested polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the identity of the isolates. Serial twofold dilutions of the extract of berries of P. dodecandra and leaves of D. stramonium were done in sterile water, whereas dilution of the extract of roots of C. longa was done in dimethylsulphoxide. The effects of the plants on the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum were assessed by agar dilution assay. Culture media with no antifungal agent and media containing ketoconazole served as negative and positive control, respectively. The methanol extract of C. longa showed inhibitory effects at concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 5 mg/mL. Similarly, the methanol extract of P. dodecandra showed growth inhibitory effects at concentrations ranging from 0.156 to 5 mg/mL. That is, the growth inhibitory concentration of C. longa was 0.07 mg/mL, whereas that of P. dodecandra was 0.156 mg/mL. In contrast, D. stramonium showed no inhibitory effect. This preliminary observation showed that methanol extracts of C. longa and P. dodecandra showed inhibitory effects on the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum requiring further repeated in vitro evaluation so as to generate adequate evidence, which would justify in vivo trials.  相似文献   

14.
ObjectiveTo compare the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine administered either intranasally or intramuscularly to healthy dogs.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial.AnimalsA group of 16 client-owned healthy dogs.MethodsDogs were randomly allocated to one of two groups that were administered dexmedetomidine 5 μg kg–1 via either the intranasal route (INDex), through a mucosal atomization device in one nostril, or the intramuscular route (IMDex), into the epaxial muscles. Ease of intranasal administration, sedation score, onset of sedation, cardiopulmonary variables, mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) and response to venous catheterization were recorded at 0 (baseline), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 minutes, following drug administration. Data were compared with the one-way anova, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test, where appropriate.ResultsGroups were not different for age, sex, weight, body condition score or temperament. Sedation scores, MNTs and response to intravenous catheter placement were not different when dexmedetomidine was administered by either route (p = 0.691; p = 0.630 and p = 0.435, respectively). Onset of sedation was not different between groups INDex and IMDex reaching a score of 4.2 ± 0.9 and 5.5 ± 1.2 at 9 ± 5 and 8 ± 4 minutes, respectively (p = 0.467). The highest sedation score was achieved at 30 and 35 minutes and sedation scores were 9.7 ± 2.0 and 9.5 ± 2.3 in groups INDex and IMDex, respectively (p = 0.799). Respiratory rate was higher in group INDex (p = 0.014), while there were no differences between routes in heart rate (p = 0.275), systolic (p = 0.957), diastolic (p = 0.837) or mean arterial pressure (p = 0.921).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntranasal administration of dexmedetomidine at 5 μg kg–1 provides effective sedation in healthy dogs.  相似文献   

15.
The present study characterized the luteal status and the dynamic of the conceptus during the first 20 days of gestation in mares with different ages and degrees of endometrial degeneration. Total area of the corpus luteum (CL), luteal vascularity, CL area with blood signals, progesterone concentrations (P4), embryonic vesicle diameter, number of embryonic location changes, embryonic fixation position and uterine contractility were evaluated. In Experiment 1, mares ≤6 years of age (Young group, 5.6 ± 0.2 years, n = 7 mares) and mares ≥15 years of age (Old group, 17.2 ± 0.9 years, n = 6 mares) were used to investigate the effect of age. In Experiment 2, the luteal and embryonic parameters were compared between mares with minimal (Mild group, endometrial category I, n = 9 mares) and severe (Severe group, endometrial category III, n = 7 mares) endometrial degeneration. The Old and Severe groups had greater (p ≤ 0.04) total CL area and reduced luteal vascularity (p ≤ 0.04) than the Young and Mild groups, respectively. However, P4 levels and CL area with blood signals were similar (p ≥ 0.8) between the groups. A negative effect of age (p < 0.01), but not of endometrial degeneration (p = 0.6), was found for the embryonic vesicle diameter. The conceptus mobility was high (p > 0.1) until day 14 of gestation in the Severe group, while a reduced number of changes of the embryo location was detected earlier (p < 0.05) in the Old group. In conclusion, the newly formed CL of aged mares and mares with severe endometrial degeneration suffered a structural remodelling to safeguard the local blood supply and the continuous P4 output during early gestation. Moreover, an earlier reduction of the embryonic mobility and a delayed development of the conceptus were associated with advanced age, regardless of the degree of endometrial degeneration.  相似文献   

16.
Cefuroxime axetil pharmacokinetic profile was investigated in 12 Beagle dogs after single intravenous and oral administration of tablets or suspension at a dose of 20 mg/kg, under both fasting and fed conditions. A three-period, three-treatment crossover study (IV, PO under fasting and fed condition) was applied. Blood samples were withdrawn at predetermined times over a 12-hr period. Cefuroxime plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC. Data were analyzed by compartmental analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed between formulations and feeding conditions on PK parameters. Independently of the feeding condition, absorption of cefuroxime axetil after tablet administration was low and erratic. The drug has been quantified in plasma in 3 out of 6 and 5 out of 6 dogs in the fasted and fed groups. For this formulation, the bioavailability (F), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of cefuroxime axetil were significantly enhanced (p < .05) by the concomitant ingestion of food (32.97 ± 13.47–14.08 ± 7.79%, 6.30 ± 2.62–2.74 ± 0.66 µg/ml, and 15.75 ± 3.98–7.82 ± 2.76 µg.hr/ml for F, Cmax, and AUC in fed and fasted dogs, respectively), while for cefuroxime axetil suspension, feeding conditions affected only the rate of absorption, as reflected by the significantly shorter absorption half-life (T½(a)) and time to peak concentration (Tmax) (0.55 ± 0.27–1.15 ± 0.19 hr and 1.21 ± 0.22–1.70 ± 0.30 for T½(a) and Tmax in fed and fasted dogs, respectively). For cefuroxime axetil tablets, T > MIC (≤1 µg/ml) was <2 hr in fasted and ≈4 hr in fed animals, and for cefuroxime axetil suspension, T > MIC (≤1 µg/ml) was ≈5 hr and for T >MIC (≤4 µg/ml) was ≈2.5 hr for fasted and fed dogs, respectively. Cefuroxime axetil as a suspension formulation seems to be a better option than tablets. However, its short permanence in plasma could reduce its clinical usefulness in dogs.  相似文献   

17.
This study evaluated the differences of physico‐chemical and nutritional qualities between abnormal colored chicken livers (ANCCLs) and normal colored chicken livers (NCCLs) and the safety of the both livers. Compared with NCCLs, ANCCLs were lower in protein, water contents (P < 0.01), pH and pigment contents (P < 0.05). NCCLs contained higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P < 0.05). The PUFA/SFA ratio of NCCLs was 0.453, higher (P < 0.05) than that of ANCCLs. The contents of alanine, valine, tyrosine, lysine and histidine in NCCLs were higher (P < 0.05) than in ANCCLs. The contents of K, Na, P, Cu, Fe and Se of NCCLs were higher (P < 0.05), but the Ca content was lower (P < 0.05). The content of the heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb and Cd) of the two types of livers complied with food safety requirements. Although NCCLs had higher nutritional value than ANCCLs, both livers were acceptable for human consumption.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules and premix after oral administration at a dose of 40 mg/kg in pigs. Three kinds of different respiratory pathogens were selected for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to tilmicosin. Eight healthy pigs were assigned to a two‐period, randomized crossover design. A modified rapid, sensitive HPLC method was used for determining the concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using WinNonlin 5.2 software. The MIC90 of tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis, Actinbacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Pasteurella multocida were all 8 μg/ml. These results indicated that these common pig respiratory bacteria are sensitive to tilmicosin. The main parameters of time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), elimination half‐life (t1/2β), mean residence time (MRT), and apparent volume of distribution (VF) were 2.03 ± 0.37 hr, 29.31 ± 5.56 hr, 25.22 ± 2.57 hr, 4.06 ± 1.04 L/kg, and 3.05 ± 0.08 hr, 17.06 ± 1.77 hr, 15.55 ± 1.37 hr, 2.95 ± 0.62 L/kg after the orally administrated tilmicosin enteric granules and premix. The relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules to premix was 114.97 ± 7.19%, according to the AUC0‐t values. These results demonstrated that tilmicosin enteric granules produced faster tilmicosin absorption, slower elimination, larger tissue distribution, and higher bioavailability compared to the tilmicosin premix. The present study results manifest that tilmicosin enteric granules can be used as a therapeutic alternative to premix in clinical treatment.  相似文献   

19.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different proportions of ‘Au Grazer’ sericea lespedeza [SL, Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don], a legume rich in condensed tannins (CT), on nutrient intake and digestibility, and to estimate methane (CH4) emissions and 13C isotopic composition (δ13CCH4) from beef steers consuming a forage-based diet. Twenty-five Angus-crossbred steers were distributed in a randomized complete block design (344 ± 48 kg initial BW), and randomly assigned to one of five treatments: 0SL, 25SL, 50SL, 75SL, and 100SL, diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of SL hay, respectively, mixed with ‘Tifton-85’ bermudagrass hay (Cynodon spp.). The study was carried out for two experimental periods of 21-d each. The statistical model included the fixed effect of treatment and random effects of block, experimental period, and their interaction. Apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber was linearly decreased (P < 0.001) by the inclusion of SL. No effects were observed for total CH4 emissions per day, nor for CH4 relative to organic matter intake or digestible organic matter with the inclusion of SL. However, emission of CH4 in relation to intake of CT was affected by treatment (P < 0.001). A linear (P < 0.001) decrease and a quadratic effect (P < 0.001) were observed for δ13C of diets and gas, respectively, in which diets and enteric CH4 with greater inclusion of SL were more depleted in 13C. Moreover, the difference in δ13C between diets and gas (Δδ13C) had a linear decrease (P = 0.001) with the inclusion of SL. The model developed to predict the C3 proportions in the enteric CH4 fitted to predicted values (P < 0.0001). Therefore, greater proportions of SL resulted in lesser CH4 emission when CT intake was considered and the isotopic composition from enteric CH4 was able to predict the contribution of SL in the emissions.  相似文献   

20.
A comparative slaughter trial was conducted to assess the net requirements for gain of Ca, P, Na, K and Mg of bulls, steers and heifers of Nellore and Red Angus crossbreds. Twenty seven F1 Nellore and Red Angus crossbred calves (9 steers, 9 bulls, and 9 heifers), averaging 274 kg BW, were used. At the beginning of the trial, three animals from each gender were slaughtered to determine the initial body composition. The remaining 18 animals (3 animals of each gender) were randomly assigned to two treatments: fed 0.75 or 1.5% of BW of concentrate. The diets were based on corn silage and were isonitrogenous (2% N, DM). After three growing periods of 28 d, all animals were slaughtered. The cleaned gastrointestinal tract, organs, carcass, head, hide, tail, feet, and tissues were weighed to determine the empty BW (EBW). These parts were ground separately and subsampled for chemical analyses. The log of the contents of each mineral in the empty body was regressed on the log of the EBW to estimate the net requirement for each mineral per kg of empty body gain (EBG). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the net requirements for growth of all macrominerals among genders. The equations of the pooled data of the net requirements for growth (g/kg EBG) were: 332.6 × EBW − 0.6367 for Ca, 112.1 × EBW − 0.5615 for P, 10.85 × EBW − 0.3992 for Na, 4.01 × EBW − 0.153 for K, and 3.589 × EBW − 0.462 for Mg. Our findings indicated that retained Ca and retained P were poorly related to the retained protein.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号