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碎石桩法处理软土地基在公路工程中的应用 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
在软土地基进行工程建筑时，常常会遇到两方面的工程地质问题，即地基土的承载力不足和建筑物产生过大的沉降。特别是旧路改建工程，由于软土孔隙比大、渗透系数小、沉降稳定时间长、很容易造成新旧路堤的不均匀沉降，因此，需要采取相应的治理措施。从工程实际出发．较为系统地阐述了碎石桩法在公路工程中处理软土地基的加固机理、设计方法，并采用应力面积法对加固前后地基土的最终沉降量进行了计算，同时采用了砂井地基的固结理论着重分析了碎石桩法对软土地基渗透固结的影响。 相似文献
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【目的】研究聚合物型土壤固结剂对土壤的固结性能与抗运输振荡性，同时探索聚合物型土壤固结剂在苗木移栽上的应用技术，以期能形成苗木移栽的新技术，并将高分子聚合物的应用逐步扩展到造林绿化的生态环境工程中。【方法】以魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)和壳聚糖(CA)为主要原料，以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为助剂，通过共混的方法制备了聚合物型土壤固结剂。以华北地区的特色土壤褐土为研究对象，利用模具将土壤制备成土柱样品，将制备的聚合物型土壤固结剂均匀地喷涂在土柱表面，土柱的表层形成一层坚硬的胶膜，并采用2种不同的测试方法检验固结土柱在实际运输过程中的抗运输振荡性。最后，以桑树幼苗、沙地柏幼苗和大叶黄杨为移栽对象，将聚合物型土壤固结剂在苗木移栽上进行了应用探索。【结果】当共混型土壤固结剂的制备条件为醋酸溶液浓度20%、胶液pH值4.5、共混温度40℃,KGM、CA与PVA含量分别为4.5%、4.5%和6%时，该配方的固结剂对土柱的固结效果最好，固结土柱的抗运输震荡性能最佳。【结论】通过2种不同的抗运输振荡测试方法检验了固结土柱的抗运输震荡性，发现制备的KGM/CA和KGM/CA/PVA共混型土壤固结剂满足了固结土球在苗... 相似文献
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大坝基础固结灌浆采用膜袋式灌浆,经过近几年来的研究和工程应用,此技术发挥了巨大的作用,取得了良好的经济效益。文章通过固结灌浆采用膜袋式灌浆设计及其性能研究和施工实际应用,介绍膜袋式灌浆的施工技术。 相似文献
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指出了肇庆新区位于西江北岸冲积平原,地貌类型为西江河流冲积平原区,软土发育,具有高压缩、低强度、易触变等特性,工程性质差,自重固结或在上覆填土作用下出现不均匀沉降,属不良地基土,对桩基础、基坑工程、市政道路乃至地坪稳定有不利影响。以肇庆新区某工程为例,通过工程钻探、土工实验、原位测试等方法分析了软土发育特征及其工程性质,研究了其固结沉降特征,提出了相应的工程处理建议措施。 相似文献
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以固化剂、石灰、水泥复合固结土为研究对象,采用正交试验的方法进行复合固结土7 d无侧限抗压强度试验的配合比设计,并完成正交试验。针对正交试验结果,采用人工神经网络的方法建立复合固结土强度试验结果的预测模型,通过控制强度试验的配合比指标,训练确定预测模型的模拟函数,从而实现对剩余部分试验结果的预测。研究结果表明,采用正交试验和神经网络相结合的方法,预测复合固结土强度,预测结果准确,误差不超过2.3%。 相似文献
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本文通过室内三轴试验研究冻融作用下边坡表层粉质粘土土体随含水量、密实度、冻融次数、是否存在植物根系等不同条件下土的力学指标变化规律,对提高季冻区边坡防护效果具有一定的理论指导意义。研究结果表明:(1)土体主应力差在植物根系作用下明显提高,在含水率13%左右提高明显;加根土主应力差随土的密实度增加而显著提高。(2)含水率较小时,土体黏聚力随含水率的增加而增大,当含水率在13%左右时,黏聚力最大,当含水率大于13%后,黏聚力开始随含水率增加而减小。植物根系作用下粘聚力随土体密实度增加而增大。(3)随含水率增加土体内摩擦角减小,含水率越大内摩擦角减小幅度越大。含水率较大时植物根系对土体内摩擦角影响较小;含水率较小和密实度较大时植物根系对提高土内摩擦角作用明显。 相似文献
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采用SMA-10橡胶沥青混合料,通过橡胶沥青混合料冻融后的劈裂实验,分析劈裂强度、拉伸应变及劲度模量随油石比和冻融次数的变化规律,以确定季冻区合适的油石比和空隙率范围。研究结果表明:冻融循环对混合料性能的影响较大,其中劈裂强度与劲度模量随冻融次数的增加逐渐减小,拉伸应变随冻融次数的增加而增加;初始空隙率较小的橡胶沥青混合料在4次冻融循环内劈裂强度和劲度模量迅速衰减,其抗冻融性能较差;初始空隙率较大的混合料抗冻性能较好,在冻融10次左右强度趋于稳定,但混合料初始强度较小;在季冻区内,推荐SMA-10橡胶沥青混合料的油石比范围为8.5~9.0,空隙率为3.5%~5%。 相似文献
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结合大连市长兴岛临港工业区某道路工程项目软土路基加固工程,针对采用高真空强降水联合低能量强夯动力固结浅层吹填粉细砂和下卧扰动软粘土层的双层地基加固方法进行了论述,同时也进一步拓宽了软基处理方法的应用范围,为今后类似地基处理提供了参考。 相似文献
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季节性冰冻地区路基聚冰防治措施浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国东北季节性冰冻地区的路基若土体中含有较多的水,在温度下降的时候,会发生程度不同的聚冰、冻胀现象。由于土体含水量、土体毛细作用的强弱及温度变化速度的不同,又将产生轻度冻胀直至翻浆等不同程度的病害。本文对季节性冰冻地区聚冰现象提出了一些防治措施及建议。 相似文献
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Sap flow was measured on five branches of two poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray x P. tacamahaca L.) trees from June to September 1994 in the south of England with stem-surface, heat balance gauges, and was scaled up to estimate transpiration from single trees on the basis of leaf area. On six days, stomatal conductance and plant water potential were measured simultaneously with a porometer and pressure chamber, respectively. The effects of solar radiation (S), vapor pressure deficit (D) and stomatal conductance on transpiration were evaluated. Sap flow per unit leaf area (F(a)) was closely related to the time course of demand attributable to S and D throughout the season, and only slightly affected by the water content of the top 120 cm of soil. Although F(a) increased linearly at low values of D, it showed a plateau with increases in D above 1.2 kPa. The canopy coupling coefficient (1 - Omega) ranged from 0.48 to 0.78 with a mean of 0.65 +/- 0.01, indicating that transpiration was controlled more by stomatal conductance than by incident radiation. The seasonal pattern of tree water loss followed potential evaporation with a peak in late June or early July. On bright days, daily transpiration over the projected crown area was 3.6 mm early in the season, 3.8 mm in mid-season, and 2.7 mm late in the season. The water balance of the system indicated that poplar trees took 15-60% of water transpired from groundwater, with the proportion increasing as the soil in the unsaturated zone dried out. Access to the water table resulted in high predawn water potentials throughout the season. Estimated hydraulic resistance to water flow in the soil-tree system was in the range of 1.5 to 1.93 x 10(6) MPa s m(-3). 相似文献
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用竞争密度(C—D)效应的倒数式(即t/w=Api B，式中w和pi分别为平均单株材积和密度，A和B为系数)分析了I-72杨林的生长过程。在双对数图上，I-72杨林各生长阶段的平均单株材积和密度的观察值很好地吻合了竞争密度效应曲线，竞争密度效应曲线随时间的推移向上移动。通过分析得出了生物时间τ(逻辑斯蒂生长曲线中生长系数λ(t)的积分)，系数A和B，生长系数λ(t)和最终收获量Y(t)的变化趋势及系数A和B的生物学意义。生物时间τ随着物理时间t的增加而增加。随着τ的增加，系数A急剧增加到最大值后逐渐下降，而系数B呈指数下降，倾向于接近零。随着林分的生长，生长系数λ(t)倾向于下降，而最终收获量Y(t)逐渐增加。以C-D效应为基础，提出了对高密度的7a生I-72杨林进行间伐的建议。 相似文献
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Kazuhiko Masaka Hajime Sato Hirokazu Kon Hiroyuki Torita 《Journal of Forest Research》2010,15(6):374-383
To assess and improve methods for the development of coastal forests in Hokkaido, northern Japan, this study examined the
factors affecting mortality of planted Pinus thunbergii Parlat. saplings in a region with seasonal soil frost. The needles of pine saplings at the study site turn red in late spring,
suggesting xylem embolism, which can lead to death. Sapling mortality was strongly correlated with the degree of cold just
after planting and with the occurrence of repeated severe winters. Volcanic ash soil had been supplied to improve the soil
nutrients, and the volcanic ash soil always thawed later than the original coastal sand. Saplings in volcanic ash were significantly
more damaged than those in original coastal sand. This suggests that hydraulic stress caused by cuticular transpiration under
frozen soil conditions during spring may also accelerate damage due to embolisms. Hence, volcanic ash soil should not be applied
to soils in regions with seasonal soil frost. A covering of woodchips can help prevent frost from reaching greater soil depths,
and, indeed, fewer saplings at the study site died in areas with such coverage. Planting location can also affect pine sapling
mortality. For example, shading caused by wood fencing may affect the soil freezing profile during winter; therefore, planting
close to a fence should also be avoided in regions with seasonal soil frost. These findings should be used to improve the
development of forests in regions with seasonal soil frost. 相似文献
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Isarangkool Na Ayutthaya S Do FC Pannangpetch K Junjittakarn J Maeght JL Rocheteau A Cochard H 《Tree physiology》2011,31(7):751-762
Effects of soil and atmospheric drought on whole-tree transpiration (E(T)), leaf water potential (Ψ(L)) and whole-tree hydraulic conductance (K(T)) were investigated in mature rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis, clone RRIM 600) during the full canopy stage in the rainy season in a drought-prone area of northeast Thailand. Under well-watered soil conditions, transpiration was tightly regulated in response to high evaporative demand, i.e., above reference evapotranspiration (ET(0)) ~2.2 mm day(-1) or maximum vapor pressure deficit ~1.8 kPa. When the trees experienced intermittent soil drought E(T) decreased sharply when relative extractable water in the top soil was?相似文献
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Cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) trees grown for 9 months in elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) showed significant increases in height, leaf area and basal diameter relative to trees in a near-ambient [CO2] control treatment. Sample trees in the CO2 treatments were subjected to high and low atmospheric vapor pressure deficits (VPD) over a 5-week period at both high and low soil water contents (SWC). During these periods, transpiration rates at both the leaf and canopy levels were calculated based on sap flow measurements and leaf-to-sapwood area ratios. Leaf-level transpiration rates were approximately equivalent across [CO2] treatments when soil water was not limiting. In contrast, during drought stress, canopy-level transpiration rates were approximately equivalent across [CO2] treatments, indicating that leaf-level fluxes during drought stress were reduced in elevated [CO2] by a factor equal to the leaf area ratio of the two canopies. The shift from equivalent leaf-level transpiration to equivalent canopy-level transpiration with increasing drought stress suggests maximum water use rates were controlled primarily by atmospheric demand at high SWC and by soil water availability at low SWC. Changes in VPD had less effect on transpiration than changes in SWC for trees in both CO2 treatments. Transpiration rates of trees in both CO2 treatments reached maximum values at a VPD of about 2.0 kPa at high SWC, but leveled off and decreased slightly in both canopies as VPD increased above this value. At low SWC, increasing VPD from approximately 1.4 to 2.5 kPa caused transpiration rates to decline slightly in the canopies of trees in both treatments, with significant (P = 0.004) decreases occurring in trees in the near-ambient [CO2] treatment. The transpiration responses at high VPD in the presence of high SWC and throughout the low SWC treatment suggest some hydraulic limitations to water use occurred. Comparisons of midday leaf water potentials of trees in both CO2 treatments support this conclusion. 相似文献
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三峡库区消落带土壤化学性质年际变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】分析三峡库区消落带经历长期水库水位变化后的土壤化学性质,为揭示消落带水文环境变化提供科学依据。【方法】在秭归段消落带回水区选择典型次生灌丛固定监测样地,根据库区水位运行计划,于2008、2009、2012、2014和2015年(分别经历0、1、4、6和7次水位涨落)对不同海拔(145～155、155～165、165～175、175～185 m)样地的不同土层(0～10和10～20 cm)土壤的pH值和有机质及碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量进行测定。【结果】经历7次水位涨落后,所有海拔的pH值均明显增加,其中海拔145～155 m土壤由酸性(pH6. 1)变为碱性(pH8. 2),而其他海拔土壤逐渐由酸性趋于中性;水淹海拔区土壤有机质含量高于非水淹对照海拔(175～185 m),且随水淹时间增加,0～10 cm土层有机质含量较2008年呈逐年下降趋势,而10～20 cm土层则先增加后降低;随水位涨落周期的增加,土壤碱解氮含量呈波动性下降趋势,且0～10 cm土层土壤对水淹影响更为敏感,0～10 cm土层碱解氮以2009年和2015年下降最为显著(P<0. 05),和2008年相比各海拔降幅分别达37. 2%～54. 7%和50. 6%～65. 7%; 0～10 cm土层速效钾含量在2009年降幅最大,达17. 1%～50. 8%;速效磷含量则呈逐年下降趋势,且在速效养分中的流失量最大,在经历4、6和7次水位涨落后,速效磷含量较2008年分别下降78. 0%、94. 8%、91. 6%(0～10 cm)和89. 5%、93. 6、92. 5%(10～20 cm)。【结论】随三峡水库运行周期的不断延长,消落带土壤pH值升高、有机质含量下降,消落带土壤养分匮乏现象将突显,对于消落带经历长期水位涨落后的土壤化学性质变化仍需长期监督。 相似文献
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以晋北朔州市应县多年生柽柳地盐碱土为研究对象,按土壤深度和行间变化采集土壤样品,运用数理统计方式分析土壤基本情况,探讨盐碱分布格局。结果表明:在试验地内,样地含水率较大,pH值为9.56,为极强碱性土质;土壤有效铜含量与电导率之间存在正相关,但并不显著;随着土层深度的增加,柽柳地土壤pH值呈现先上升后下降的趋势,电导率、含水率均表现为逐渐上升;在远离植株的过程中,pH值和电导率均表现为先下降后上升,含水率逐渐下降。应县盐碱地土壤有效铜含量属于高等水平,积累现象明显,且有效铜含量会随着距离植株远近而变化,却不会随着土壤深度的变化而变化。试验得出,柽柳种植对降低盐碱度有一定效果,经过种植柽柳的盐碱土盐分明显低于对照,柽柳根系分布的范围在一定程度上决定了土壤盐碱性。 相似文献