共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
Recent publications indicate genetic variation in milk production traits on proximal BTA14, which cannot be explained solely with genetic variation in the DGAT1 gene. To elucidate these QTL effects, animals from a German Holstein granddaughter design (18 families, 1,291 sons) were genotyped for CYP11B1 (V30A) and DGAT1 (K232A) polymorphisms. Frequencies of alleles of maternal descent were estimated for CYP11B1(V) (0.776) and DGAT1(K) (0.549). Allele substitution effects (alpha/2) were first calculated for both alleles in separate models and then in a joint model. From the joint analysis, CYP11B1(V) effects on fat content (+0.04%) and protein content (+0.01%) were positive. Effects on milk yield (-82 kg), fat yield (-0.5 kg), and protein yield (-1.9 kg) were negative. Compared with the individual analysis, DGAT1(K) effects on fat content (+0.28%), protein content (+0.06%), and milk yield (-258 kg) were reduced; fat yield (+10.8 kg) was enhanced; and protein yield (-3.8 kg) was reduced. In the joint analysis, allele substitution effects of CYP11B1(V) and DGAT1(K) together explained more of the variation in milk production traits than DGAT1(K) alone. Further significant effects were found for CYP11B1(V) and DGAT1(K) among 6 reproduction traits and 14 conformational traits. These observations indicate a possible negative influence of DGAT1(K) on maternal nonreturn rate, and thus, on length of productive life. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to analyze and investigate the genotype frequency and the association between Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol
acyltransferase1 gene, DGAT1 gene, and milk yield (MY), milk composition, protein yield (PY), fat yield (FY), solid not fat
yield (SNF), total solid (TS), the content of fat, protein, solid not fat, and total solid, (%Fat,%Prot,%SNF,%TS) in two herds
of crossbred Holstein dairy cattle in Thailand. Two hundred and twenty-seven crossbred Holstein cows were used and their blood
samples were taken for the study. PCR–RFLP was used to identify the allele and genotype of DGAT1 gene. A general linear model
and the least square method were used to estimate the least square mean and additive, and the dominant effect of the gene
on the traits and the least significant differences were used to compare the mean of each trait between genotypes. Two alleles
(K, A) and three genotypes (AA, KA, KK) were detected, the highest allele and genotype frequencies were A and AA, respectively.
The least mean squares of each genotype were compared and significant differences between genotype were detected. Genotype
KK has the greatest effect on all milk composition content traits, while genotype AA has the greatest effect on yield traits.
Highly significant additive gene effect was detected. From the results, it can be concluded that the DGAT1 gene can be used
as a gene marker for assisted selection in milk composition traits. 相似文献
3.
Marques E Grant JR Wang Z Kolbehdari D Stothard P Plastow G Moore SS 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2011,128(4):305-313
The objective of this study was to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms using a bovine chromosome 14 high-density SNP panel after accounting for the effect of DGAT1. Linkage disequilibrium information and sire heterozygosity were used to select markers for linkage analysis on bovine chromosome 14 for milk production traits in 321 Holstein animals. Results show putative milk peaks at 42 and 61 cM, both at p<0.10, a fat yield peak at 42 and 63 cM, both at p<0.05; a protein yield peak at 42 (p<0.01) and 84 cM (p<0.05); fat per cent peaks at 3 (p<0.01) and 29 cM (p<0.05), and a protein per cent peak at 4 cM (p<0.05). Once quantitative trait loci positions were established, allele substitution effects for all markers were evaluated using the same statistical model. Overlaying information between quantitative trait loci (QTL) and allele effect analysis enabled the identification (p<0.01) of 20 SNPs under the milk yield QTL, 2 under both of the fat yield peaks, 8 and 9 under the protein yield peaks, 2 and 6 for the fat per cent peaks and 5 for the protein per cent peak. One SNP in particular, ss61514555:A>C, showed association with 3 of the 5 traits: milk (p=1.59E-04), fat (p=6.88E-05) and protein yields (p=5.76E-05). Overall, combining information from linkage disequilibrium, sire heterozygosity and genetic knowledge of traits enabled the characterization of additional markers with significant associations with milk production traits. 相似文献
4.
北京地区荷斯坦牛乳蛋白多态性与产奶性能的相关分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本研究选取北京市 4个牛场共 73 1头健康荷斯坦奶牛 ,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板状电泳(PAGE)对其乳蛋白进行分型 ,采用基因替代模型来分析乳蛋白多态性与奶牛产奶性能间的关系。结果表明 :αsl CN座位B基因对产奶量的替代效应最大 ,为 62 4kg ;β CN座位A1基因对A2 基因的替代使乳脂率提高 0 .1 2 % ,但产奶量降低 70kg ;κ CN座位和 β Lg座位A基因对B基因的替代效应分别对乳蛋白率、乳脂率有显著效应 ,使二者分别降低 0 .2 0 %。 相似文献
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M. Wolfová J. Wolf & J. P&#;ibyl 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2007,124(4):192-200
The impact of various milk pricing systems on the economic weights and the resulting selection responses for milk yield and fat and protein contents in Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh were investigated. The calculations were done for the situations with and without quotas on milk yield and fat content. There was a substantial influence of the milk pricing system on the selection response. The use of index weights based on a 'wrong' pricing system reduced the total economic selection response by up to 51% of the selection response expected for an index based on the 'correct' pricing system. Financial losses in the selection response were greater with quotas than without quotas. Higher losses were also calculated for Holstein compared with Czech Fleckvieh. Incorrect assumptions on the output limitation (absence or presence of milk quotas) led only to minor reductions in the total selection response (mostly <2%) if the other parameters were correct. The results indicate that customized subindices for milk production traits would increase farmers' profit from sire selection when selling milk on the basis of different pricing systems. 相似文献
6.
甘油二酯酰基转移酶（diacylglycerol acyl-transferase 1,DGAT1）是控制甘油三脂合成的关键酶。近年来DGAT1基因被鉴定出来,被认为是奶牛乳脂率的一个重要功能候选基因。该研究以贵州荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,利用奶牛DGAT1基因序列设计引物,以RCR-单链构象多态性（PCR-SSCP）方法检测了奶牛DGAT1基因第8外显子的碱基突变。结果共检测到AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.5588、0.3824和0.0588,等位基因A和B的频率分别为0.7549和0.2451;该碱基突变对305 d校正产奶量和乳脂率的影响均达到显著水平（P<0.05）,乳蛋白率影响不显著（P>0.05）;多重比较结果表明,AA和AB型对305 d校正产奶量和乳脂率均显著高于BB型（P<0.05）。结果显示,DGAT1基因突变对贵州荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性状有较大的遗传效应,可用于其泌乳性状的分子标记辅助选择。 相似文献
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B. Harder J. Bennewitz N. Reinsch G. Thaller H. Thomsen C. Kühn M. Schwerin G. Erhardt M. Förster F. Reinhardt & E. Kalm 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2006,123(2):89-96
A whole genome scan to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for persistency of milk yield (PMY), persistency of fat yield (PFY), persistency of protein yield (PPY) and persistency of milk energy yield (PEY) was performed in a granddaughter design in the German Holstein dairy cattle population. The analysis included 16 paternal half‐sib families with a total of 872 bulls. The analysis was carried out for the first lactation and for the first three lactations combined using univariate weighted multimarker regression. Controlling the false discovery rate across traits and data sets at a level of 0.15 and treating the four persistency traits as different traits revealed 27 significant QTL. A total of 12 chromosomes showed significant QTL effects on a chromosomewise basis. The DGAT1 effect was highly significant for PPY and protein yield. A haplotype analysis using results of previous studies of the same design revealed a co‐segregation of various persistency QTL and QTL affecting health traits like dystocia and stillbirth and functional traits like non‐return rate 90 and somatic cell score. 相似文献
8.
Anton I Kovács K Fésüs L Várhegyi J Lehel L Hajda Z Polgár JP Szabó F Zsolnai A 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2008,56(2):181-186
The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of the thyroglobulin (TG) locus on beef quality traits in some beef cattle breeds and to investigate the effect of the DGAT1 locus on milk production traits in the Hungarian Holstein Friesian population. TG and DGAT1 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. At the TG locus TT bulls showed the highest fat percentage values in the longissimus dorsi muscle (m. longissimus dorsi); the difference between CC and TT genotypes was significant. DGAT1 GC/GC cows had the highest milk, fat and protein yield values. Due to the relatively small number of GC/GC cows the difference proved to be significant only between AA/AA and AA/GC genotypes. 相似文献
9.
作者所在团队前期通过奶牛乳腺上皮组织转录组测序及荷斯坦公牛全基因组重测序研究发现RPL23A和ACACB基因是奶牛乳蛋白和乳脂性状的候选功能基因,本研究旨在探究这两个基因是否对奶牛产奶性状具有显著遗传效应。以北京地区7个牧场的1059头中国荷斯坦母牛为试验群体,采集尾根静脉血并提取基因组DNA,通过飞行时间质谱方法检测SNP位点基因型,利用SAS9.4软件的MIXED过程进行关联分析。结果表明,RPL23A基因的SNP位点g.20146771C>T与第1泌乳期5个产奶性状达到显著或极显著关联(P=0.0001~0.0416),其优势等位基因为T;ACACB基因的g.63878254T>C位点与第1泌乳期产奶量、乳脂量和乳蛋白量呈极显著关联(P<0.01),其优势等位基因为C;g.63962768G>A位点与第1泌乳期产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率关联显著或极显著(P=0.0001~0.0391),其优势等位基因为A。综上,RPL23A基因主要影响中国荷斯坦牛产奶量和乳蛋白,ACACB基因对产奶量和乳脂具有显著遗传效应,3个SNP位点可考虑作为遗传标记用于标记辅助选择培育奶牛高乳蛋白乳脂新品系和选育提高。 相似文献
10.
Non-additive effects on milk production in Czech dairy cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. Wolf L. Zavadilová & E. N&#;mcová 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2005,122(5):332-339
Crossbreeding effects on milk production traits of Czech dual‐purpose and dairy cattle breeds were estimated. Nearly 370 000 cows with known gene proportions from Czech Pied, Ayrshire or Holstein cattle were selected from the national milk recording data base. Single‐trait animal models were calculated for milk, fat and protein yield, fat and protein content. The model of Dickerson including additive, additive maternal, heterotic and recombination effects was used for the part of the animal model describing the crossbreeding effects in all calculations. For milk yield, the additive genetic effect (defined as deviation from Czech Pied cattle) was 850–900 kg for Holstein and 240–480 kg for Ayrshire. The maternal effects were low and negative. Low significant positive heterotic effects were observed being up to approximately 100 kg for Czech Pied × Holstein. The recombination effects were negative and statistically significant for Czech Pied × Holstein. The results for fat and protein yield were similar to the results for milk yield. For fat and protein content, nearly no statistically significant crossbreeding effects were found. 相似文献
11.
Dissection of genomic correlation matrices of US Holsteins using multivariate factor analysis 
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下载免费PDF全文 N.P.P. Macciotta C. Dimauro D.J. Null G. Gaspa M. Cellesi J.B. Cole 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(1):9-20
The aim of this study was to compare correlation matrices between direct genomic predictions for 31 traits at the genomic and chromosomal levels in US Holstein bulls. Multivariate factor analysis carried out at the genome level identified seven factors associated with conformation, longevity, yield, feet and legs, fat and protein content traits. Some differences were found at the chromosome level; variations in covariance structure on BTA 6, 14, 18 and 20 were interpreted as evidence of segregating QTL for different groups of traits. For example, milk yield and composition tended to join in a single factor on BTA 14, which is known to harbour the DGAT1 locus that affects these traits. Another example was on BTA 18, where a factor strongly correlated with sire calving ease and conformation traits was identified. It is known that in US Holstein, there is a segregating QTL on BTA18 influencing these traits. Moreover, a possible candidate gene for daughter pregnancy rate was suggested for BTA28. The methodology proposed in this study could be used to identify individual chromosomes, which have covariance structures that differ from the overall (whole genome) covariance structure. Such differences can be difficult to detect when a large number of traits are evaluated, and covariances may be affected by QTL that do not have large allele substitution effects. 相似文献
12.
中国荷斯坦奶牛RPL23A、ACACB基因3个SNPs检测及其与产奶性状的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旨在开展奶牛群体高乳成分功能基因的验证与筛选,利用微流控芯片自主选育技术分析北京地区母牛群体高乳蛋白、高乳脂基因频率,同时分析基因多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性。本研究对北京地区8个大型奶牛场1 596头中国荷斯坦奶牛RPL23A、ACACB基因的多态性进行了检测,所有个体均为3胎以内的泌乳牛,收集每头牛所有测定日的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率等数据,同时对3个多态位点不同基因型与产奶性状进行了关联分析。RPL23A基因的SNP位点g.20146771G>A,在第一泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量均达到极显著关联（P<0.01）,第二泌乳期,g.20146771G>A与5个产奶性状均呈极显著关联（P<0.01）。ACACB基因的SNP位点g.63962768C>T,在第一泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量均呈极显著关联（P<0.01）,在第二泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率呈极显著关联（P<0.01）。结果表明,RPL23A、ACACB基因可以作为影响中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性状的候选基因用于标记辅助选择,以上基因位点可能通过直接或间接的途径影响奶牛的乳脂或乳蛋白性状,对产奶性状起到重要调控作用。本研究为荷斯坦奶牛后续的标记辅助选择奠定了良好基础。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究中国荷斯坦奶牛真核生物翻译延伸因子1D（eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta,EEF1D）基因的多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性。利用Sequenom MassARRAY SNP分型技术对宁夏地区1 252头中国荷斯坦奶牛EEF1D基因的多态性进行了检测,并对其多态位点不同基因型和组合基因型与产奶性状进行了关联分析。结果显示,EEF1D基因的5'侧翼区存在2个SNPs位点,即EEF1D-1和EEF1D-3;经检测发现,EEF1D-1存在2种基因型,EEF1D-3存在3种基因型。χ2检验表明,中国荷斯坦奶牛在EEF1D-1位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P < 0.05）,在EEF1D-3位点未偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P > 0.05）;EEF1D-1和EEF1D-3位点多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0.10和0.28,分别呈现低度多态和中度多态。在试验群体中,EEF1D-1位点对乳脂率和乳蛋白率性状的效应均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）,对305 d产奶量性状的效应达到显著水平（P<0.05）;EEF1D-3位点对305 d产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率性状的效应均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）;EEF1D基因的优势基因型组合GG-AG和GG-GG个体乳脂率均显著高于GG-AA组合个体（P<0.05）。说明EEF1D基因可以作为影响中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性状的候选基因用于标记辅助选择。 相似文献
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前期研究通过荷斯坦公牛全基因组重测序鉴定到17个奶牛产奶性状候选功能基因,其中,肽基脯氨酸顺反异构酶基因(PIN1)参与甘油三酯代谢、甘油磷脂代谢以及mTOR信号通路,且位于产奶量和乳蛋白量性状QTL区间。为进一步系统分析PIN1基因是否对奶牛产奶性状具有遗传效应,本实验基于40头公牛的基因组DNA混池,采用PCR产物直接测序法对PIN1基因的全部编码区以及上下游调控区2000 bp进行扫描,在内含子2检测到1个SNP位点7:g.14432394G>A,A、G等位基因频率分别为0.4797和0.5203。采用靶向测序基因型技术对北京地区987头中国荷斯坦母牛进行个体基因型检测,对SNP位点7:g.14432394G>A与5个产奶性状进行关联分析。结果表明:在第1泌乳期,SNP 7:g.14432394G>A与产奶量、乳脂量、乳蛋白量和乳蛋白率呈显著或极显著关联(P=0.0001~0.0493);在第2泌乳期,SNP与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量呈显著或极显著关联(P=0.0001~0.0104);SNP位点7:g.14432394G>A对产奶量、乳脂量、乳蛋白量和乳蛋白率的加性效应或等位基因替代效应均达到显著或极显著。综上,PIN1基因对中国荷斯坦牛的产奶量和乳蛋白、乳脂性状具有显著遗传效应,可作为遗传标记用于基因组选择,以加快遗传进展。 相似文献
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Wessels G Hamann H Erhardt G Distl O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,117(9-10):414-419
The frequencies of milk protein variants alphas1-casein, alphas2-casein, beta-casein and beta-lactoglobulin were determined in 182 milk sheep from 7 flocks in Lower Saxony and Saxony. The genotype effects of these polymorphic milk protein variants on milk performance traits were estimated for 173 ewes using a test day model with fixed regression.The model included the fixed effects of colour variant of the breed, region, lambing season, lambing year, lactation number and number of lambs born. The herd and animal effect were treated as random and the days in milk as linear and non-linear covariates. The milk protein variants of alphas1-casein and beta-casein showed a significant relationship to protein content and the variants of beta-casein to milk fat content. Milk fat yield was significantly associated with the milk protein variants of alphas2-casein, whereas the other milk performance traits were not significantly correlated. 相似文献
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本试验以宁夏地区8个公牛家系的各8头女儿共计64头中国荷斯坦母牛为研究对象．利用AB13730测序仪对DGAT2基因Exon4进行了基因型检测后发现三个突变位点474bp（C／G）、48lbp（G／A）、621bp（C／T）,各个位点发现有两种基因型,分别为CC型、GC型,GG型、GA型,CC型和CT型,基因型频率分别为0．484、0．516,0．687、0．313,0．484和0．516。通过SAS软件（8．02）对4个产奶性状与DGAT2基因Exon4的关联分析表明．474bp（C／G）CG型305d产奶量和乳脂率显著高于CC型（P〈0．05）,乳蛋白率、体细胞数影响不显著（P〉0．05）;481bp（G／A）GA型305d产奶量显著高于GG型,与乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞数无显著的相关性（P〉0．05）;621bp（C／T）CT型305d产奶量、乳蛋白率、体细胞数都显著高于CC型（P〈0．05）,乳脂率影响不显著（P〉O．05）。 相似文献
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乙酰辅酯A∶二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT1)是甘油三脂合成过程中唯一的关键酶,对动物机体脂肪代谢、沉积起重要作用,已成为研究奶牛泌乳性状和肉牛主要经济性状的重要候选基因之一。近年来,随着相关研究的不断深入,研究者普遍认为DGAT1基因对奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、乳脂肪酸及空怀天数、输精次数、初配年龄等繁殖性状均有显著影响,且与肉牛体脂也存在相关性。作者主要介绍了DGAT1基因的遗传多态性及其与经济性状关联分析在中国各地区不同品种奶牛、肉牛、水牛和牦牛上的研究进展,指出该基因对奶牛的产奶性能及肉牛的肉质性状、生长性状具有重要的调控作用。但由于环境条件、品种及选育背景等因素影响,DGAT1基因遗传多态性对不同地区不同牛群体的经济性状影响不尽相同。因此,要将DGAT1基因实际应用在品种选育工作中还需明确该基因对研究群体的具体遗传效应,并结合其他候选基因进行综合分析。 相似文献
20.
不同选择指数对中国荷斯坦种公牛综合育种值排名的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究旨在探讨包含不同性状的综合选择指数对荷斯坦种公牛排队的影响。收集了全国199个牛场的664 284头荷斯坦牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳脂量、乳蛋白量、体细胞数以及35 281头荷斯坦牛的体型性状。然后采用多性状动物模型BLUP法预测生产性状和体型性状的育种值,计算3种不同综合选择指数下47头种公牛的综合育种值,并对其排队进行了比较。结果显示,使用包含产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分4个性状的综合选择指数（TMI1）和包含乳脂量、乳蛋白量、体细胞评分3个性状的综合选择指数（TMI2）对公牛的排队一致性很高,秩相关为0.94;只包含生产性状的综合选择指数（TMI1、TMI2）和加入了体型性状的综合选择指数（TMI3）对公牛的排队差异很大,秩相关分别为0.76和0.67。这些结果提示,乳脂量、乳蛋白量可以替代产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率纳入综合选择指数,体型性状进入综合选择指数对评价种公牛综合遗传素质具有重要作用。 相似文献