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1.
饲粮蛋白源对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
试验选用64头25日龄杜×(大×长)三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组:A、B、C为试验组,分别用猪肠膜蛋白粉(DPS)、大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)、喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)部分取代基础饲粮的鱼粉;D为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(玉米-豆粕-鱼粉)。试验从仔猪25日龄断奶开始,70日龄结束。结果显示:试验组日增重均显著高于对照组,其中B组比对照组高13.18%(P<0.05);A组、C组分别比对照组高11.53%(P<0.05)、4.43%(P<0.05);B组和A组日增重差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于C组,分别高8.38%(P<0.05)、6.80%(P<0.05)。B组日采食量比对照组高4.82%(P<0.05),A组、C组与对照组相比,日采食量有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。A组、B组与对照组相比,料肉比有降低的趋势(P>0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉、猪血浆蛋白粉对早期(25日龄)断奶仔猪的饲喂效果均优于鱼粉,且大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉对仔猪日增重的改善幅度大于喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

2.
本试验将鱼粉、血浆蛋白粉、酵母粉、肠膜蛋白粉按一定比例组合添加到饲粮中,旨在对比研究不同蛋白质源组合对保育猪生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。选用初始体重为(6.36±0.20)kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交保育猪108头,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头猪。3组保育猪分别饲喂含1.5%血浆蛋白粉+2.0%鱼粉(A组,作为对照组)、3.0%肠膜蛋白粉+5.0%鱼粉(B组)、2.0%酵母粉+2.0%肠膜蛋白粉+2.0%鱼粉(C组)的饲粮,预试期3 d,正试期14 d。结果表明:1)B组的平均日采食量和平均日增重均显著低于A和C组(P<0.05),与A组相比,C组的平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高1.76%和8.13%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);在料重比方面,B和C组与A组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05),但C组显著低于B组(P<0.05)。2)血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮含量与白球比以及谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性3组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与A组相比,B组钱重比增加13.47%(P>0.05),C组钱重比降低5.22%(P>0.05)。由此可见,2.0%酵母粉+2.0%肠膜蛋白粉+2.0%鱼粉组合在提高保育猪生长性能、经济效益方面效果最好,1.5%血浆蛋白粉+2.0%鱼粉组合效果次之,而3.0%肠膜蛋白粉+5.0%鱼粉组合相比之下效果较差。  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在研究微生物发酵菌液对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响。根据前期试验结果确定微生物发酵菌液的最适添加水平为1%。试验选用日龄相同,初始体重为（8.03±0.43）kg的生长状况良好的“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪32头,随机分成A、B、C、D四个处理组,每组2个重复,每个重复4头猪。A组为对照组（基础日粮）,B组为基础日粮+1%微生物发酵菌液,C组为基础日粮+1%微生物发酵菌液+100 mg/kg土霉素钙,D组为基础日粮+100 mg/kg土霉素钙,试验期间猪只自由采食和饮水,试验期28 d。试验结果显示：（1）各处理间平均日采食量（ADFI）差异不显著（P> 0.05）;与对照组（A组）和抗生素组（D组）相比,添加微生物发酵菌液（B组）或添加微生物发酵菌液+抗生素（C组）显著提高了断奶仔猪的平均日增重（ADG）(P <0.05),且分别比对照组提高了16.43%和14.65%;B组和C组料重比显著降低（FCR）(P <0.05),分别降低了16.58%和16.06%。（2）与对照组（A组）相比,日粮添加微生物发酵菌液或抗生素（B、C、D组）可显著降低断奶仔猪...  相似文献   

4.
试验旨在分析由乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和磷酸构成的3种复合酸化剂A、B和C的体外抑菌和降低饲料系酸力的效果;选用15 kg左右杜长大断奶仔猪96头,随机分成4组,每组3栏。对照组含抗生素,试验组A、B和C分别在基础日粮中添加2.5 kg/t酸化剂A、B和C,分析其对动物生产性能和肠道微生物区系的影响。结果表明:3种复合酸化剂0.25%的水溶液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用,以1.25 kg/t添加到饲料中可显著降低饲料系酸力和pH(P<0.05)。动物试验表明2.5 kg/t的复合酸化剂A或C替代日粮中抗生素,对仔猪日增重、采食量和饲料增重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加3种复合酸化剂的试验各组DGGE条带数和多样性指数均高于抗生素的对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

5.
选取160头体重(7.024±0.505kg)相近的健康断奶仔猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10头猪。分别饲喂粉料A、粉料B、颗粒料C和粉料D。结果表明,断奶后10d内粉料A组仔猪采食量和日增重均显著高于粉料B和颗粒料C(P<0.05),与粉料D组差异不显著(P>0.05);粉料B和颗粒料C组采食量、日增重均差异显著(P<0.05)。粉料A组仔猪料肉比与粉料B和颗粒料C差异均显著(P<0.05)。与粉料D相比,粉料A组料肉比降低4.76%。腹泻率和腹泻指数,粉料A和粉料D间差异不显著(P>0.05),但与粉料B和颗粒料C组间差异显著(P<0.05)。除颗粒料C组皮毛指数与各组存在显著差异外(P<0.05),各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。以上结果表明,粉料A和粉料D在提高断奶仔猪生产性能、降低仔猪腹泻率方面优于其它各组,生产效果最佳。  相似文献   

6.
选择24日龄断奶的杜×长×大仔猪60头,按随机区组设计分成对照组、试验A组和试验B组,每组29头。28日龄开始,对照组饲喂市售哺乳仔猪料,试验A组饲喂含4%的血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)的饲粮,试验B组饲喂用4%的生物蛋白粉(BP1)替代SDPP的饲粮,试期10d。结果表明,用等量的BP1替代断奶仔猪饲粮中的SDPP,猪日增重分别比对照组和试验A组(SDPP组)提高7.60%和16.07%(P>0.05);平均日采食量分别增加20g和5g,增重的饲料消耗分别减少30g/kg和170g/kg;饲料效率分别提高2.54%和14.41%,增重的饲料成本分别降低1.95元/kg和0.77元/kg。  相似文献   

7.
《饲料工业》2019,(24):25-31
试验旨在研究壳寡糖与干酪乳杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清中抗氧化酶活性以及肠道微生物菌群结构的影响。试验选用312头30日龄体重为(7.06±0.02)kg杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪随机分成4个处理组,每个处理组设置6个重复,每个重复13头猪。对照组(A)饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮、试验组(B)每千克饲料添加0.5 g壳寡糖、试验组(C)每千克饲料添加1010CFU干酪乳杆菌、试验组(D)同时添加壳寡糖与干酪乳杆菌,试验期为32 d。结果表明:D组有提高断奶仔猪0～14、15～32 d和0～32 d这三个阶段平均日增重和降低料重比的作用,其中15～32 d阶段料重比降低效果显著(P<0.05)。试验14 d,C、D组中弗林氏丁酸杆菌(Flintibacter butyricum)与卷曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus crispatus)较A、B组明显增多。试验32 d,B组显著提高了血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的含量(P<0.05),并降低了丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P>0.05)。C组降低了断奶仔猪的腹泻率。C、D组中布氏瘤胃球菌(Ruminococcus bromii)和罗氏弧菌(Roseburia intestinalis)的数量明显高于A、B组。壳寡糖作为饲料添加剂可提高断奶仔猪机体抗氧化能力;乳酸菌则可提高肠道益生菌数量降低断奶仔猪腹泻率;同时添加壳寡糖和乳酸菌可以有效提高断奶仔猪的饲料转化率,提高肠道有益微生物数量,使仔猪肠道更健康。  相似文献   

8.
为研究五粮肽对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响,随机选择28 d杜长大断奶仔猪96头,分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。A组为鱼粉+乳清粉组,B组为鱼粉+10%五粮肽组,C组为乳清粉+20%五粮肽组,试验期共28天,结果表明:B组和C组比A组日增重分别提高3.5%(P<0.05)和5.79%(P<0.01),C组比B组提高2.37%(P>0.05);料肉比方面,B组和C组比A组分别降低1.94%(P<0.05)和2.58%(P<0.05),C组比B组降低0.66%(P>0.05);腹泻率方面,B组和C组比A组分别降低21.56%(P<0.05)和46.65%(P<0.01),C组比B组降低31.99%(P<0.05)。肠道菌群数量测定表明,B组和C组比A组在十二指肠、空肠的乳酸菌数量明显增加,回肠、盲肠和结肠乳酸菌数量有增加趋势,说明添加五粮肽产品能提高断奶仔猪的肠道乳酸菌数量;十二指肠、空肠的大肠杆菌数量明显降低,回肠、盲肠和结肠大肠杆菌数量有降低趋势。  相似文献   

9.
选取150头杜×长×大三元杂交育肥猪,将其分为试验1(对照组)、2、3、4组和试验5组,每组30头猪。用基础饲粮(猪场现行饲粮)饲喂对照组猪;在基础饲粮中添加蛋氨酸0.075%和0.15%后,分别饲喂试验2组和试验3组猪;在基础饲粮中添加苏氨酸0.1%和0.2%后,分别饲喂试验4组和试验5组猪。试验结果:(1)试验3组猪平均日增重较对照组提高11.76%(P0.05),试验2组猪平均日增重较对照组提高7.06%(P0.05),试验4、5组猪平均日增重分别较对照组提高3.53%(P0.05)、4.71%(P0.05);试验3组猪每千克增重的饲料成本(8.45元/kg)最低,试验4、2、5组猪每千克增重的饲料成本(8.46、8.76元/kg和8.88元/kg)依次提高,对照组猪每千克增重的饲料成本(9.09元/kg)最高。(2)试验2、3组猪血清总蛋白质含量高于对照组(P0.05),试验3、4、5组猪血清甘油三酯含量都低于试验1、2组(P0.01),试验2、3组猪血清Ig G含量都高于对照组(P0.05),试验3组猪血清GOT活性低于对照组和试验2组(P0.05)。基于上述结果推断:在育肥猪基础饲粮(蛋氨酸含量为0.18%)中添加0.15%的蛋氨酸含量(即总含量为0.33%)较宜;添加适量(0.1%)的苏氨酸,能促进其生长,降低猪增重的饲料成本。  相似文献   

10.
试验旨在研究低能量日粮中添加β-甘露聚糖酶对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选取120头(40±2)日龄健康(杜×长×大)三元杂交断奶仔猪,体质量(13.95±0.29)kg,随机分为A、B和C组,每组各设4个重复,每重复10头猪。其中A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B和C组为低能量组,基础日粮降低消化能0.25 MJ/kg,分别添加β-甘露聚糖酶100和200 g/t。试验结果表明:试验全期B和C组日增质量比A组提高7.9%和9.3%,但各组间差异不显著(P0.05);B和C组料重比较A组降低2.5%和3.5%(P0.05);B和C组综合经济效益比A组提高7.1%和7.7%。  相似文献   

11.
The dose-related antinociceptive effects of intravenous (IV) buprenorphine were evaluated in cats. Thermal (TT) and mechanical threshold (MT) devices were used for nociceptive stimulation. After baseline threshold recordings, buprenorphine was administered IV (0.01, 0.02 or 0.04 mg/kg; B1, B2 and B4, respectively) in a randomised, blinded and cross-over study. Data were analysed by ANOVA (P < 0.05) using 95% confidence intervals (CI). TT increased 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.2 ± 2.7 °C), 2, 3 and 4 h after B1; 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.1 ± 3.9 °C) and 2 h after B2, and 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.4 ± 3.3 °C), 2, 3, 6 and 8 h after B4. MT increased 15 and 45 min after B2 (260 ± 171 mmHg), and 30 (209 ± 116 mmHg) and 45 min and 1 and 2 h after B4. At 45 min, MT values were significantly higher after B2 compared to B1 (P < 0.05). With MT, B2 and B4 produced more antinociception and longer duration of action than B1, respectively. No dose response to thermal stimulation was detected.  相似文献   

12.
Effect of extended storage on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB-ɑ chickens was determined. Hatchable eggs (n = 288; weighing 53.2 ± 4.67 g) collected from a flock of FUNAAB-ɑ layer breeder hens aged 32 weeks were stored in egg tray with broad end up under 16 ± 1.5°C for either 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 d. Before incubation, eight eggs from each group were evaluated for internal and external quality traits. Remaining eggs were set in an incubator and transferred into hatcher on embryonic day 18. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Egg weight loss (EWL; p < .001), surface area (p < .001), yolk diameter (p < .001), inner and outer blastoderm diameters (p < .05) and dead in germ (DIG; p < .001) increased with storage duration while yolk height (p < .001), yolk index (p < .001), albumen weight (p < .05), albumen height (p < .05), albumen index (p < .01), Haugh's unit (HU; p < .05), fertility (p < .001), hatchability of set (HATCHS; p < .001) and fertile eggs (p < .05) decreased. Weight losses of 0, 1.2, 2.2, 3.4, 4.6 and 6.1% were recorded in egg stored for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days respectively. Eggs stored beyond 8 days exhibited higher DIG and lower HATCHS. Shell percentage in 4 days storage (11.4%) was lower (p < .05) than in 16 days storage (13.4%). Shell thickness was similar in eggs stored for 0 to 12 days, but 8 days storage (0.60 mm) had thinner (p < .01) shell than day 16 (0.71 mm) and day 20 (0.73 mm) storage. Internal quality unit (IQU) was higher (p < .05) in fresh eggs (180.4) than in 12 days (167.8) and 20 days (167.8) stored eggs. Extended storage of FUNAAB-ɑ eggs caused EWL, surface area shrinkage, lowered HU and IQU, loss of yolk and albumen quality, increased blastoderm diameters and DIG, and decreased egg fertility and HATCHS from day 8 forward. Storing FUNAAB-ɑ eggs beyond 8 days reduced quality parameters; therefore, other mitigating factors are recommended when storing beyond 8 days.  相似文献   

13.
Lipids and proteins can be used for sperm vitrification to preserve the integrity of sperm membranes or to increase the viscosity of the medium. This study evaluated the effect of low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and milk serum proteins (Pronexcell) for stallion sperm vitrification. Hippex extender (Barex Biochemical Products, The Netherlands), plus 1% of bovine serum albumin and 100 mM of trehalose, was used as control for sperm vitrification. In experiment 1, different concentrations of LDL (L1 = 0.25, L2 = 0.5, L3 = 1%) and in experiment 2 of Pronexcell (P1 = 1, P2 = 5, P3 = 10%) were added to control extender. Vitrification was performed in 0.25‐ml straws directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. Total motility (TM, %) and progressive motility (PM, %) were analysed by CASA, and plasma membrane (IMS, %) and acrosome membrane integrity (AIS, %) were assessed under epifluorescence microscopy. Post‐warmed sperm parameters were compared between treatments by ANOVA. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. In both experiments, the minimum concentration of LDL and Pronexcell obtained significantly higher values (p < 0.01) than the control extender for TM (L1 = 52.95 ± 4.4; P1 = 58.99 ± 4.6; C = 30.88 ± 3.0), PM (L1 = 36.79 ± 5.5; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 19.20 ± 2.4), IMS (L1 = 68.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 52.81 ± 2.6) and AIS (L1 = 45.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 26.00 ± 2.1). No differences in sperm parameters were found among different concentrations of LDL or Pronexcell. In conclusion, the addition of 0.25% LDL and 1% Pronexcell to the vitrification extender is recommended to improve the quality of stallion sperm after vitrification.  相似文献   

14.
ObjectiveTo compare the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine administered either intranasally or intramuscularly to healthy dogs.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial.AnimalsA group of 16 client-owned healthy dogs.MethodsDogs were randomly allocated to one of two groups that were administered dexmedetomidine 5 μg kg–1 via either the intranasal route (INDex), through a mucosal atomization device in one nostril, or the intramuscular route (IMDex), into the epaxial muscles. Ease of intranasal administration, sedation score, onset of sedation, cardiopulmonary variables, mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) and response to venous catheterization were recorded at 0 (baseline), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 minutes, following drug administration. Data were compared with the one-way anova, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test, where appropriate.ResultsGroups were not different for age, sex, weight, body condition score or temperament. Sedation scores, MNTs and response to intravenous catheter placement were not different when dexmedetomidine was administered by either route (p = 0.691; p = 0.630 and p = 0.435, respectively). Onset of sedation was not different between groups INDex and IMDex reaching a score of 4.2 ± 0.9 and 5.5 ± 1.2 at 9 ± 5 and 8 ± 4 minutes, respectively (p = 0.467). The highest sedation score was achieved at 30 and 35 minutes and sedation scores were 9.7 ± 2.0 and 9.5 ± 2.3 in groups INDex and IMDex, respectively (p = 0.799). Respiratory rate was higher in group INDex (p = 0.014), while there were no differences between routes in heart rate (p = 0.275), systolic (p = 0.957), diastolic (p = 0.837) or mean arterial pressure (p = 0.921).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntranasal administration of dexmedetomidine at 5 μg kg–1 provides effective sedation in healthy dogs.  相似文献   

15.
Amlan K. Patra   《Livestock Science》2009,121(2-3):239-249
A meta-analysis of data obtained from previous studies was conducted to understand the responses of foliage supplementation on intakes of basal DM (BDMI) and total DM (TDMI), and daily gain (ADG). Thirty-four published studies containing 223 treatments and 1127 sheep met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Major predictive variables considered were percentages of foliages in diet (SD), CP in foliages (PS), NDF in foliages (FS), NDF in forages (FB), CP in basal roughages (PB), CP in diet (PD) and foliage CP intake (SPI). TDMI (g/d) increased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing PS, FS, SPI (R2 = 0.66), PB, SD (R2 = 0.58) and PD (R2 = 0.73). The maximal response of TDMI were 778 g/d at 42% of SD, 894 g/d at 19.8% PD, 893 g/d at 148 g/d SPI and 749 g/d at 26.4% PS (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.58, 0.73, 0.66, and 0.37, respectively). BDMI increased quadratically with increasing SD, PD and PB, but decreased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing PS (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.07). The breakpoint of BDMI was 570 g/d at 6.58% of PD in the diet (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.28). Overall, BDMI responded at very low level of SD in the diet, peaking at 7.6% SD with BDMI of 572 g/d (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.72). However, when PB was less than 3%, the maximal BDMI was 489 g/d at foliage levels of 25.7%. When PB was between 3 and 6%, maximal BDMI was at 13% of foliage in the diet and the basal forage intake of 597 g/d; whereas, BDMI decreased linearly with SD when PB was greater than 6%. BDMI (g/d) decreased quadratically when foliage CP percentages were lesser than 10%, but increased quadratically with PS when foliage CP percentages were greater than 10%. ADG responded positively and quadratically to PS, SPI, SD, PD and TDMI (g/d) and the relationships were moderate to high. However, ADG (g/d) decreased linearly with increasing FS (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.35). The maximal ADG was 42 g/d at 43% of SD, 41 g/d at 9.4% PD, 42 g/d at 53 g/d SPI, 35 g/d at 25% PS and 46 g/d at TDMI of 889 g/d (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.74, 0.84, 0.74, 0.29 and 0.74, respectively). It is concluded that the interactions of quality and quantity of foliage supplements and quality of basal forages affect intakes of basal and total DM, and growth in sheep.  相似文献   

16.
Four growing pigs (initial liveweight 25.9 ± 0.54 kg, final liveweight 43.0 ± 1.06 kg) were used to study the effect of dietary lysine level on nutrient digestibility, whole-body protein turnover, plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose, and urea nitrogen (PUN). Four diets, containing 7.0 g (L1), 9.5 g (L2), 12.0 g (L3) and 14.5 g (L4) lysine per kg diet respectively, were formulated as experimental treatments. The animals and diets were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nitrogen (N) metabolism and whole-body protein turnover were measured by classical method and single-dose 15N end-product method, respectively. The blood samples were taken at the end of each experimental period. Results showed that N retention (NR) and N biological value (NBV) were significantly increased from L1 to L4 (P < 0.05). However, differences in NR and NBV between L2, L3 and L4 were not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) digestibility, organic matter (OM) digestibility and N digestibility between different treatments (P > 0.05). Whole-body protein synthesis, protein degradation and protein accretion increased markedly from L1 to L2 (P < 0.05), but did not increase further from L2 to L4. Whole-body protein accretion (y, g/kg W0.75/d) increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = − 0.09x2 + 2.12x − 5.14 (r2 = 0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05).The results also showed that differences in plasma IGF-I, GH, glucose and PUN concentration between different treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma insulin concentration (y, μIU/ml) was increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = 0.23x2 − 4.10x + 32.25 (r2 = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05), but it was not found that plasma insulin concentration was related to NR. A significant correlation was found between NR (y, g/d) and plasma IGF-I (x, ng/ml): y = − 3.1 × 10− 3x2 + 1.31x − 122.28 (r2 = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05).It was concluded that dietary lysine level had a significant influence on NR and whole-body protein turnover but not on plasma IGF-I and GH concentration. Plasma IGF-I may be an important factor controlling N metabolism of growing pigs. Further research was needed to study the mechanism.  相似文献   

17.
Birth difficulty and poor lamb vigour are significant causes of perinatal lamb mortality. In this study we investigated whether sheep breeds differing in appearance, muscularity and selection history also had differences in dystocia and lamb vigour, and considered some of the factors that may contribute to the variation in these traits. Data were collected at birth from a total of 3252 lambs of two terminal sire breeds selected for lean growth (Suffolk [S], n = 500 and Texel [T], n = 1207), from a Hill breed (Scottish Blackface [B], n = 610), which has been mainly selected for hardiness, and a crossbred (Mule × T [M], n = 935) representing a maternal line. For each lamb the degree of assistance at delivery, lamb presentation, amount of assistance to achieve successful sucking, sex, litter size and birth weight were recorded. T lambs required the most, and B and M lambs the least assistance at birth, S lambs were intermediate (% lambs assisted: T = 55.7, S = 30.7, B = 22.7, M = 24.9, P < 0.001). T and S lambs were equally likely to be malpresented at birth (29% of births) and more likely to be malpresented than B or M lambs (20%; P < 0.001). In T and S breeds lambs requiring veterinary assistance at delivery were mainly heavy and singleton lambs, whereas in B and M breeds these were exclusively low birth weight lambs in multiple litters. Although heavier lambs needed greater birth assistance, T lambs were lighter than S and M lambs, but heavier than B lambs (birth weight (kg): S = 4.66, M = 4.56, T = 4.32, B = 3.67, P < 0.001). S lambs were more likely to require assistance with sucking than other breeds, and T lambs also required more assistance than B or M lambs (% lambs assisted to suck: S = 56.0, T = 31.6, M = 19.8, B = 18.4, P < 0.001). Heavier lambs were more likely to suck unaided than lighter lambs (P < 0.001). The data suggest that the two terminal sire breeds, selected narrowly for greater productivity (muscle growth and conformation), are more likely to experience birth difficulty and poorer lamb vigour than the breed selected for hardiness, or the cross breed. Whether these effects arise as a consequence of genetic selection (e.g. for specific lamb conformation), or as a result of management practices to achieve selection goals (e.g. increased intervention at lambing) is unknown. Specific actions to improve birth difficulty and lamb vigour, such as including these traits in the selection index, would be beneficial in improving the welfare of ewes and lambs of the terminal sire breeds.  相似文献   

18.
Cefuroxime axetil pharmacokinetic profile was investigated in 12 Beagle dogs after single intravenous and oral administration of tablets or suspension at a dose of 20 mg/kg, under both fasting and fed conditions. A three-period, three-treatment crossover study (IV, PO under fasting and fed condition) was applied. Blood samples were withdrawn at predetermined times over a 12-hr period. Cefuroxime plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC. Data were analyzed by compartmental analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed between formulations and feeding conditions on PK parameters. Independently of the feeding condition, absorption of cefuroxime axetil after tablet administration was low and erratic. The drug has been quantified in plasma in 3 out of 6 and 5 out of 6 dogs in the fasted and fed groups. For this formulation, the bioavailability (F), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of cefuroxime axetil were significantly enhanced (p < .05) by the concomitant ingestion of food (32.97 ± 13.47–14.08 ± 7.79%, 6.30 ± 2.62–2.74 ± 0.66 µg/ml, and 15.75 ± 3.98–7.82 ± 2.76 µg.hr/ml for F, Cmax, and AUC in fed and fasted dogs, respectively), while for cefuroxime axetil suspension, feeding conditions affected only the rate of absorption, as reflected by the significantly shorter absorption half-life (T½(a)) and time to peak concentration (Tmax) (0.55 ± 0.27–1.15 ± 0.19 hr and 1.21 ± 0.22–1.70 ± 0.30 for T½(a) and Tmax in fed and fasted dogs, respectively). For cefuroxime axetil tablets, T > MIC (≤1 µg/ml) was <2 hr in fasted and ≈4 hr in fed animals, and for cefuroxime axetil suspension, T > MIC (≤1 µg/ml) was ≈5 hr and for T >MIC (≤4 µg/ml) was ≈2.5 hr for fasted and fed dogs, respectively. Cefuroxime axetil as a suspension formulation seems to be a better option than tablets. However, its short permanence in plasma could reduce its clinical usefulness in dogs.  相似文献   

19.
The goal of this study was to confirm the vasopressor and cardiac effects of POTENAY® INJETÁVEL (POT), a mephentermine‐based product, given to cattle with induced vascular/cardiac depression. Ten healthy Holstein cattle (206 ± 13 kg) followed a randomized‐complete‐block design (RCBD) utilizing crossover study design. Each animal randomly received (1 ml/25 kg, IM) of either POT (n = 10) or volume‐matched placebo control (0.9%NaCl, CP, n = 10). A subset of animals (n = 5) received POT first (day 0) while the remaining (n = 5) received CP; after a six‐day washout period, cattle received the opposite compound. Animals were anesthetized and catheterized for systemic/left ventricular hemodynamic monitoring. Myocardial dysfunction/hypotension was induced by increasing the end‐tidal isoflurane concentration until arterial blood pressure was 20% lower than at baseline and remained stable. Once the animal was determined to be hypotensive and hemodynamically stable, steady‐state hypotensive baseline data (BL2) were acquired, and treatment with either POT or CP was given. Data were acquired post‐treatment at every 15 min for 90 min. POT improved cardiac output (+68 L/min, ±14%, p < 0.05), MAP (+14 mmHg, ±4%, p < 0.05), HR (+22 bpm, ±8%, p < 0.05), and peak rates of ventricular pressure change during both systole (dP/dtmax: +37 mmHg/s ±13%, p < 0.05) and diastole (dP/dtmin: +31 mmHg/s, ±7%, p < 0.05). No improvements were noted following placebo‐control administration. Results indicate that POT improves cardiac performance and systemic hemodynamics in cattle with induced cardiovascular depression when given as single intramuscular injection.  相似文献   

20.
Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of intravenous or epidural methadone were compared. Six beagles were randomly assigned to group MIV (methadone 0.5 mg/kg IV + NaCl 0.9% epidurally) or MEP (methadone 0.5 mg/kg epidurally + NaCl 0.9% IV). Cardiopulmonary, blood gas and sedation were assessed at time (T) 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 min after drug administration. Compared to T0, heart rate decreased at T15–T120 in MIV (p < .001) and T15–T240 in MEP (p < .05); mean arterial pressure was reduced at T15–T60 in MEP (p < .01); respiratory rate was higher at T15 and T30 in both groups (p < .05); pH was lower at T15–T120 in MIV (p < .01) and T15, T30 and T120 in MEP (p < .05); PaCO2 was higher at T15–T60 in MIV (p < .01) and T15, T30 and T120 in MEP (p < .01); sedation scores were higher at T15 and T30 in MIV and T15–T60 in MEP (p < .05). At T120 and T240, sedation score was higher in group MEP compared with group MIV (p < .01) In conclusion, cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of identical methadone doses are similar when administered IV or epidurally to conscious healthy dogs.  相似文献   

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