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休眠性是作物重要的农艺性状之一。本研究对31个刚收获的花生品种(系)进行发芽试验,以评价不同品种的休眠特性。结果表明,发芽率和萌发率都可以作为评价种子休眠性的指标。不同品种种子发芽率的变异范围为0～71.11%,20个品种(系)的发芽率低于10.0%,其中,徐9641等6个品种(系)的发芽率为0,表现为较强的休眠性;启海花生的发芽率为71.11%,休眠性较弱。相关分析表明,种子休眠性强弱与荚果、籽仁形状和小叶长度有关,长粒型种子和小叶较长的品种休眠性较强,而与其他农艺性状相关不显著。 相似文献
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随着土壤盐碱地面积不断扩大,盐碱胁迫成为影响花生萌发的重要因素之一。为探究花生品种耐盐碱特性,筛选耐盐碱花生品种,以发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和盐害率为指标,益花1号、花育25号、花育39号、汾花1号、豫花37号为试验材料,分析NaCl、NaHCO3和NaCl+NaHCO3（1∶1）3种盐碱类型,4种胁迫浓度（0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%）对花生种子萌发的影响,对比分析各指标间的差异,并进行耐盐碱能力评价。研究结果表明,盐碱胁迫抑制种子萌发,随着盐碱溶液浓度增加发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均呈下降趋势,盐害率呈上升趋势,且NaCl+NaHCO3（1∶1）胁迫程度大于NaCl和NaHCO3,0.9%和1.2%浓度下种子不萌发。盐害等级划分结果与隶属函数综合评价结果显示,益花1号在3种盐碱胁迫下耐盐碱水平均较高,花育39号在各盐碱胁迫下耐盐碱性最差;益花1号为盐碱胁迫下的优势品种;新疆盐碱土壤类型主要为混合盐碱,综合各指标考虑,0.6%的胁迫浓度可作为评价各品种的耐盐碱性强弱的参考浓度。 相似文献
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花生新品种引进对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用11个花生品种(品系),采用随机区组排列,3次重复,大垄双行覆膜栽培模式。对各个花生品种(品系)的产量、品质、抗逆性、种子的休眠性、适应性的分析结果如下:花育23、铁引花1号比对照白沙1016增产显著,增幅分别为40.23%和32.59%:花育23属疏枝直立型小花生品种,种子休眠性、抗旱性强,较抗叶斑病,生育期128 d。产量高,品质优,抗病性强。铁引花1号整齐度好,耐旱、抗病性强,果形大,出仁率高,生育期122 d。 相似文献
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以大花生花育22号和花育25号及小花生品种花育20号和花育27号为材料,研究花针期膜下滴灌处理对不同花生品种植株生长发育、产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,膜下滴灌处理对不同品种农艺性状的影响虽存在年际和品种间差异,但总体而言对花生农艺性状无显著影响。3年花针期膜下滴灌处理均显著增加花育25号和花育20号的单株结果数,增加其双仁果率,对其产量提高具有显著效应。除2013年花育22号外,3年试验结果均表明,花针期膜下滴灌对花生均具有增产效果,但对花生收获指数的影响无明显规律。 相似文献
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盐胁迫对水稻发芽和出苗的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对123个不同水稻品种分别在纯水、100 mmol/L NaCl和150mmol/LNaCl水溶液中的萌发情况进行试验,研究盐对发芽率和出苗率的影响,以及不同品种对盐胁迫的不同反应,结果表明:水稻各品种在处理2、处理3的条件下的萌发都比处理1要晚,处理1、2、3的发芽率分别为94.24%、95.08%、85.91%,出苗率分别为90.21%、95.08%、0;盐胁迫对不同品种的发芽率和出苗率影响程度不同,品种之间的基因型差异是耐盐水稻筛选的基础。 相似文献
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缺磷胁迫对花生磷酸酶活性的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过水培试验，对不同磷处理的花生干物重及酸性磷酸酶（APA）活性变化进行比较研究。结果表明不同花生品种耐低磷能力存在差异，豫花七号和农大818相对生长量高，有较高的耐低磷能力。在不同磷处理下，根系分泌APA及叶片APA活性差异明显，缺磷处理高于供磷处理，品种间差异显著。 相似文献
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封海胜 《中国油料作物学报》1991,(1)
结合对山东省地方品种和新育成品种在吸胀期间耐低温性鉴定,用不同温度、时间处理花生种子,对种子发芽和胚根伸长的影响,用温水预浸花生种子,对防预低温冷害的效果进行了试验。结果表明:花生种子吸胀期遇到6℃持续24小时的低温,发芽率明显降低;山东省80％以上的地方品种在吸胀期间对低温反应敏感,只4.5％品种筱耐低温,温水预浸有预防低温冷害的效果。 相似文献
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Two hundred groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm accessions and 21 cultivars belonging to the Spanish group (ssp. fastigiata var. vulgaris) were screened for pod loss due to sprouting of seed in the field. Some cultivars were also tested for germination of the fresh-seed with or without testa and treated or untreated with ethrel or abscisic acid (ABA). Large variation in pod loss due to in situ sprouting of seed, and fresh-seed dormancy (FSD) was found among the accessions and cultivars. Fresh-seed dormancy index (FSDI) varied from 2% in Chico to 88% in ICGS 44 (the check with high FSD). Cultivars with an FSDI value of less than 10% showed more pod loss in situ than the cultivars with high FSDI. Thus pod loss due to in situ sprouting increased with a decrease in FSDI. Cultivar SB XI did not show any in situ sprouting or pod loss. A direct relationship (r, 0.86**) existed between fresh-seed germination of accession/cultivar in the laboratory and the percentage of its plants with sprouted seed in the field. Seed of two Spanish cultivars ICGS 11 (dormant) and GG 2 (non-dormant) when tested for germination after treatment with ethrel or ABA at various seed development stages showed different germination response to these chemicals. Seed of GG 2 showed up to 40% germination even at an early stage (S1) of seed development, whereas the seed of ICGS 11 responded to the ethrel only at maturity (S4). Regulation of FSD appeared to be more under the control of the testa than the cotyledons. The variation in the degree of in situ sprouting can be used for breeding Spanish cultivars with various desirable levels of FSD. 相似文献
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皇后帝王花（Protea magnifica）种子具有休眠性,不经任何处理难以发芽。本研究以皇后帝王花种子为试验材料,通过测定皇后帝王花种子生活力、种子萌发率、种子各部分粗提液对白菜种子发芽的影响,并以不同的方式（短时高温+变温层积、酸蚀处理+变温层积、赤霉素处理+变温层积）处理种子,研究皇后帝王花种子的休眠原因及解除方法。结果表明：试验所用皇后帝王花种子的生活力高达90.00%,但不去除种皮的完整种子30 d内不发芽。种皮粗提液不仅抑制白菜种子的发芽,还显著影响白菜种子的根与地上部分的生长。皇后帝王花种子的休眠可能是种皮的机械障碍和种皮的内源抑制物共同引起的综合休眠。时长为2 min的不同高温（40~120 ℃）处理+变温层积、不同时间（10~ 70 min）的98%浓硫酸酸蚀处理+变温层积、不同浓度（0.3、0.5、0.7 mg/L）的赤霉素溶液处理+变温层积都可以打破种子的休眠,提高皇后帝王花种子发芽率和发芽势。其中各处理分别以60 ℃的短时高温处理、30 min的酸蚀处理、0.7 mg/L的赤霉素溶液处理效果最好。综合比较,30 min的酸蚀处理为解除皇后帝王花种子休眠的最佳方法。此外,赤霉素处理对皇后帝王花种子的休眠解除有着一定的促进作用,但相比其他两种处理方式效果并不理想。 相似文献
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Effect of storage temperature and extraction methods on dormancy and germination of true potato seed
Seed treatments, methods of extraction and storage temperature were examined for effects on viability and dormancy of true potato seed. Dormancy of 4x?2x (S. tuberosum ×S. phureja) hybrids was eliminated after 7 months at room temperature and after 10 months at 4 C. However, data on the velocity and uniformity of germination (coefficient of velocity) revealed the presence of a residual dormancy that persists for nearly two years in seeds stored at 4 C, but which is largely eliminated after one year in seeds stored at room temperature. Seed viability was not affected by blender extraction, although seed extracted by hand gave a significantly lower initial coefficient of velocity (CGV). Application of gibberellic acid (GA, 1000 ppm) as a 24-hour soak to freshly extracted seed eliminates dormancy as effectively as GA applied during germination, and produces no deleterious effects on seed viability up to two years in storage. There were genotypic differences for seed dormancy within the tetraploid and diploid groups examined. SeveralS. tuberosum cultivars displayed a dormancy effect (lower CGV’s) in fresh seed that was not completely eliminated by GA, but which declines over time in storage. 相似文献
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为了研究H2O2浸种对低温胁迫下花生种子萌发的调控作用,本研究以白沙1016和花育9122两个花生品
种为材料,通过种子萌发试验,设置（22±1）℃常温对照和（12±1）℃低温处理,首先采用不同浓度的H2O2进行浸种预
处理,分析了H2O2浸种对花生种子低温萌发相关指标的影响,筛选最适H2O2浸种浓度,然后采用最适H2O2浸种处
理后,测定其对发芽花生种子胚中氧化损伤和活性氧含量、脯氨酸代谢相关指标的影响。结果表明,低温显著降低
两个品种花生的相对发芽率、芽长/种长比、发芽指数及种子的活力指数,延长了平均露白时间,H2O2浸种预处理可
显著缓解低温对花生种子萌发的抑制,以1% H2O2浸种效果最好。同时,H2O2浸种预处理还显著降低了H2O2的积累
以及膜脂过氧化程度,促进了脯氨酸的积累,提高了脯氨酸合成酶鸟氨酸转移酶（OAT）和△1-吡咯琳-5-羧酸合成
酶（P5CS）活性,抑制了脯氨酸降解限速酶脯氨酸脱氢酶（ProDH）活性。表明H2O2浸种预处理可通过调控脯氨酸代
谢途径,促进低温条件下萌发花生种子内脯氨酸的积累,缓解氧化损伤,从而增强花生种子的低温萌发能力。 相似文献
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The objective was to investigate the effects of moisture conditions in storage at 21 C (± 3) on true potato seed (TPS) germination and seedling vigor. The influence of supplemental nitrogen (N) during seed production on these effects was also studied. One set of TPS was stored exposed to ambient humid (> 80% RH) air; the other was stored dry (sealed with silica gel). Germination tests were performed at 7, 11, and 14 months of seed storage. Seedling vigor tests were made at 14, 20, and 23 months. The rate of germination was mostly affected by the moisture conditions during storage. Seed stored dry germinated faster than TPS stored in humid ambient air. The rate of germination increased with time in storage and the percentage of germination was always high (≥ 95%) in dry seed produced with high N. Seedling vigor was mostly affected by N treatments during seed production. High-N seed had a much higher rate and percentage of emergence and seedling dry-weight levels than low-N seed, particularly when stored dry. Seedling vigor criteria decreased with time in storage in low-N seed; in high-N seed, the rate of emergence increased and the percentage of emergence was always high (≥ 95%). In conclusion, the TPS should be produced with high N and stored dry for sowing under unfavorable conditions. 相似文献
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花生种子萌发特性和抗旱性关系的高渗溶液法 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用PEG高渗溶液，研究在渗透胁迫条件下花生种子萌发特性及其作为芽期抗旱指标的可靠性。结果表明：不同品种在不同性状上表现受抑程度不同，用单一性状确定品种的耐旱性是不准确的。而以萌发率、胚根长和胚根于重3个性状的对照比为指标，参试品种进行系统聚类分析，筛选耐旱品种和田间鉴定结果基本相符。可以认为在高渗溶液中花生种子萌发特性的综合表现作为筛选耐旱品种的指标是有效的。 相似文献