共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
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Structure and in vitro transcription of human globin genes 总被引：44，自引：0，他引：44
N J Proudfoot M H Shander J L Manley M L Gefter T Maniatis 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,209(4463):1329-1336
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玉米脱水素基因家族的鉴定与分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
脱水素(dehydrin,DHN)属于LEA蛋白第二家族成员,是一种植物中广泛存在的亲水性蛋白,在干旱、低温和高盐等非生物胁迫的环境中起到重要作用。通过生物信息学方法对玉米全基因组DHN家族成员进行了鉴定,并进一步对其系统发育、基因结构、染色体定位和基因复制以及表达模式进行了系统分析。结果显示,在玉米DHN基因家族中共有5个家族成员,多物种系统发育进化树分析、基因结构以及基序分析都表明DHN家族成员在进化上具有高度的保守性。基因复制和物种间微共线性分析表明,在5个玉米DHN基因中存在着1对片段复制基因(ZmDHN1-ZmDHN2),玉米、高粱和水稻3个物种间存在2对直系同源基因(ZmDHN2-Sb04g032250.1,ZmDHN2-Os02g44870.1)。通过转录组表达数据分析表明,玉米DHN家族基因在不同发育时期具有不同的组织表达模式;同时,诱导表达模式分析表明ZmDHN基因的表达受到盐和干旱胁迫的显著诱导。该研究结果将为进一步鉴定玉米DHN家族重要的基因成员并对其开展功能分析奠定基础。 相似文献
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薛庆中 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2005,31(2):119-124
本文综述了谷类作物基因组结构现状,基于水稻和拟南芥全基因组分析以及谷类作物基因组长片段的测序注释表明,谷类作物基因组存在许多嵌合结构,富基因岛重组上活性部分常被高拷贝DNA模块分隔.谷类作物基因组内,具保守的宏共线性.玉米,水稻,高梁,小麦,及大麦的Sh2/A1直向同源区域的基因顺序分析表明,Sh2和A1同系物间隔分别为20kb(在水稻和高梁)和140kb(在玉米);小麦族Sh2/A1区同线性在X1和X2基因间有一个断裂.如同其他禾本科作物,A1和X2基因在部分同源染色体保留共线性,Sh2和X1直向同源依然是共线性,但在非部分同源染色体的位置已改变.植物基因可以通过多倍体化,节段重复及局部基因扩增3种途径增加序列的数量.单个基因内,微共线性常被破坏.对基因组直向同源区段的初步比较分析暗示,植物基因组内基因局部扩增和易位也许有某些关联. 相似文献
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14-3-3蛋白在植物细胞信号传导中发挥重要的作用,探索木本植物14-3-3蛋白家族的进化模式对深入理解该基因家族的功能有重要的指导意义。本文采用生物信息学的方法,在基因组水平上搜索和鉴定了12个杨树14-3-3蛋白基因,其中ε类有7个,非ε类有5个。通过对杨树14-3-3基因家族的系统进化、序列相似性、基因结构和染色体位置分析,发现杨树14-3-3基因的扩张主要是通过最近的一次全基因组加倍事件产生的。在全基因组加倍事件中共产生5对重复基因对,Ka/Ks分析显示这5对重复基因对处于较强的净化选择压力。RT-PCR分析显示在杨树12个14-3-3基因中有8个在不同组织中均表达,另外4个基因的表达部位发生了变异。因此,杨树14-3-3基因家族的分子进化及表达模式的研究结果预示着基因重复后其功能发生了分化。 相似文献
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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of StPP2C gene family in response to multiple stresses in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) 
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下载免费PDF全文 WANG Yi-fan LIAO Yu-qiu WANG Ya-peng YANG Jiang-wei ZHANG Ning SI Huai-jun 《农业科学学报》2020,19(6):1609-1624
The plant protein phosphatase 2Cs(PP2Cs) play an essential role in response to stress and abscisic acid(ABA) signaling pathway. However, to date, no systemic characterization of the PP2Cs has yet been conducted in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.). In the study, a comprehensive research was performed on genome-wide identification and expression analysis of StPP2C genes in potato. A total of 78 potato StPP2C genes were identified based on specific structure of PP2C domain, which were distributed across 11 out of 12 potato chromosomes and divided into 12(A–L) phylogenetic branches. The result from gene duplication analysis showed that 14 StPP2Cs were involved in gene tandem duplication and 8 genes formed fragment duplication events, which indicated that both tandem and fragment duplication contributed to the expansion of the gene family in evolution. Exon–intron structural analysis showed that they had a wide range of exon numbers. Analysis of protein conservative motif demonstrated that StPP2Cs contained more similar motif structures in the same phylogenetic branches. The cis-elements in StPP2C gene promoter regions were mainly responded to light, phytohormone and abiotic stress. Most of them exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns, and some members could differentially express under abiotic stress. The evidence suggested that StPP2C genes may contribute to different functions in several physiological stress and environmental stress conditions. This study could provide new insights to further investigate StPP2C functional characteristics responding to various stresses in potato. 相似文献
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Xiao H Jiang N Schaffner E Stockinger EJ van der Knaap E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5869):1527-1530
Edible fruits, such as that of the tomato plant and other vegetable crops, are markedly diverse in shape and size. SUN, one of the major genes controlling the elongated fruit shape of tomato, was positionally cloned and found to encode a member of the IQ67 domain-containing family. We show that the locus arose as a result of an unusual 24.7-kilobase gene duplication event mediated by the long terminal repeat retrotransposon Rider. This event resulted in a new genomic context that increased SUN expression relative to that of the ancestral copy, culminating in an elongated fruit shape. Our discovery demonstrates that retrotransposons may be a major driving force in genome evolution and gene duplication, resulting in phenotypic change in plants. 相似文献
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The endogenous small subunit of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene rbcS and the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein gene (LHCP) of pea are expressed in a light-inducible manner and are active mainly in green chloroplast-containing tissue. Chimeric genes under control of the 5'-flanking sequences of the rbcS ss3.6 or LHCP AB80 genes from pea were used to study the factors relating to the issue-specific and lightinducible expression of these nuclear-encoded genes in transgenic tobacco plants. The results show that plastid development plays a crucial role in the activation of expression of these chimeric genes. Particular members of each of the above gene families respond differently to tissue-specific and environmental factors. Furthermore, the light-inducible expression directed by the 5'-flanking sequence of ss3.6 rbcSgene is not exclusively mediated by phytochrome, but probably is controlledin large part by another photoreceptor. 相似文献
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光周期途径成花关键基因CONSTANS的进化机制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
CONSTANS（CO）是植物响应光周期调节的重要基因和监测日照长度的重要元件,可将光信号和生物钟信号转变为开花信号,激活下游基因（FT）的表达,从而诱导植物开花。选取14个已被测序的物种,采用生物信息学手段,从外显子-内含子结构、基因重复、基因差异表达等方面开展CO基因家族研究。结果表明:14个物种共鉴定到159个CO家族成员,CO基因常以多拷贝的形式存在,多数含2~4个外显子,在进化过程中表现出多样性。CO家族重复基因的扩张与基因组重复相关。CO在水稻Oryza sativa根、旗叶、花和种子中均有表达,花芽到花的转变过程中OsCO3的表达量上升,而OsCO7下降,说明水稻CO家族成员之间存在功能差异。 相似文献
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【目的】确定匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera)接种立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)后基因种类和表达量在转录水平的变化规律,明确草坪草病原菌侵染响应的关键基因。【方法】匍匐翦股颖生长14 d后采用麦粒培养物接种立枯丝核菌,接种3 d后选取感病叶片和未接种叶片提取RNA,进行转录组高通量测序,然后利用生物信息学分析,用Trinity组装匍匐翦股颖转录组,以组装子为参考,以|log2(fold change)|1,q-value0.005为阈值选取感病和健康匍匐翦股颖叶片转录组的差异表达基因,并用i TAK软件分析其转录因子家族及表达变化,与植物R基因库进行blast分析R蛋白分类、利用Mapman软件分析生物胁迫信号通路相关基因的表达变化。【结果】高通量测序得到125 253 092条高质量待分析reads。经Trinity从头组装后,得到466 761条转录本。过半数的转录本长度为700 bp以上,组装结果 N50=1 100 bp。使用CD-HIT选择334 212条转录本(所有转录本的71.60%)作为Unigene,平均长度573 bp,N50=791 bp。接种后植物比接种前植物基因有7 937个上调表达,1 570个下调表达。上调基因中296个,下调基因有142个都可被定义为转录因子,分布在58个转录因子家族中,其中锌指蛋白包含转录因子C2H2最多,有54个,C3H次之,为22个。差异基因中451个可定义为植物R蛋白表达基因,可分为33类,其中包含NBS-LRR结构域的抗病蛋白、LRR受体蛋白激酶、ABC-2类型的转运蛋白、U-box结构域蛋白激酶和热激蛋白这5类基因变化最显著。差异基因中大量上调表达基因可富集在病原识别、活性氧消除、信号传导、细胞凋亡、病程相关蛋白等生物胁迫相关基因类别,下调基因显著富集在植物生长发育相关类别和通路。q RT-PCR验证了随机挑选差异基因的表达量变化,均与RNA-seq分析结果一致,其中包括12个C2H2转录因子基因,10个C3H转录因子基因,以及12个R蛋白基因。【结论】病原菌侵染后,引起匍匐翦股颖大量基因表达变化,其中转录因子、R蛋白以及抗性相关基因多为上调表达,作用为抑制病原菌扩散,而生长发育相关基因表达下调,这些进程共同使匍匐翦股颖产生对立枯丝核菌的先天基础抗性。 相似文献
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Identification and expression analysis of the Pbr MLO gene family in pear,and functional verification of PbrMLO23 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 GUO Bing-bing LI Jia-ming LIU Xing QIAO Xin Musana Rwalinda FABRICE WANG Peng ZHANG Shao-ling WU Ju-you 《农业科学学报》2021,20(9):2410-2423
Mildew resistance locus O(MLO) is a plant-specific gene family that plays an important role in the growth and development of plants and their interactions with the environment. However, the available information on this gene family in pear is limited. Here, 24 PbrMLO genes were identified and divided into five subfamilies(I, II, III, IV and V). Wholegenome duplication(WGD) and dispersed duplication contributed to the expansion of the PbrMLO family. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed that PbrMLO genes were distributed in various pear tissues, suggesting their diverse functions. We selected PbrMLO23 for further functional analysis. Expression profile analysis by qRT-PCR showed that PbrMLO23 was highly expressed in pollen. Subcellular localization analysis showed that PbrMLO23 was located on the plasma membrane. When the expression level of PbrMLO23 was knocked down by using antisense oligonucleotides, pollen tube lengths increased, indicating that PbrMLO23 plays a functional role in inhibiting pollen tube growth. In summary, these results provide evolutionary insight into PbrMLO and its functional characteristics and lay a foundation for further analysis of the functions of PbrMLO members in pear. 相似文献
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The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gene duplication has generally been viewed as a necessary source of material for the origin of evolutionary novelties, but it is unclear how often gene duplicates arise and how frequently they evolve new functions. Observations from the genomic databases for several eukaryotic species suggest that duplicate genes arise at a very high rate, on average 0.01 per gene per million years. Most duplicated genes experience a brief period of relaxed selection early in their history, with a moderate fraction of them evolving in an effectively neutral manner during this period. However, the vast majority of gene duplicates are silenced within a few million years, with the few survivors subsequently experiencing strong purifying selection. Although duplicate genes may only rarely evolve new functions, the stochastic silencing of such genes may play a significant role in the passive origin of new species. 相似文献
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How genes with newly characterized functions originate remains a fundamental question. PMCHL1 and PMCHL2, two chimeric genes derived from the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) gene, offer an opportunity to examine such an issue in the human lineage. Detailed structural, expression, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the PMCHL1 gene was created near 25 million years ago (Ma) by a complex mechanism of exon shuffling through retrotransposition of an antisense MCH messenger RNA coupled to de novo creation of splice sites. PMCHL2 arose 5 to 10 Ma by an event of duplication involving a large chromosomal region encompassing the PMCHL1 locus. The RNA expression patterns of those chimeric genes suggest that they have been submitted to strong regulatory constraints during primate evolution. 相似文献
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Genome-wide identification,molecular evolution,and expression divergence of the hexokinase gene family in apple 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ling-cheng ZHU Jing SU Yu-ru JIN Hai-yan ZHAO Xiao-cheng TIAN Chen ZHANG Feng-wang MA Ming-jun LI Bai-quan MA 《农业科学学报》2021,20(8):2112-2125
Hexokinase(HXK) is the first irreversible catalytic enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, which not only provides energy for plant growth and development but also serves as a signaling molecule in response to environmental changes. However, the evolutionary pattern of the HXK gene family in apple remains unknown. In this study, a total of nine HXK genes were identified in the Malus×domestica genome GDDH13 v1.1. The physiological and biochemical properties, exonintron structures, conserved motifs, and cis-elements of the MdHXK genes were determined. Predicted subcellular localization indicated that the MdHXK genes were mainly distributed in the mitochondria, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Gene duplication revealed that whole-genome duplication(WGD) and segmental duplication played vital roles in MdHXK gene family expansion. The ω values of pairwise MdHXK genes indicated that this family was subjected to strong purifying selection during apple domestication. Additionally, five subfamilies were classified, and recent/old duplication events were identified based on phylogenetic tree analysis. Different evolutionary rates were estimated among the various HXK subfamilies. Moreover, divergent expression patterns of the Md HXK genes in four source-sink tissues and at five different apple fruit developmental stages indicated that they play vital roles in apple fruit development and sugar accumulation. Our study provides a theoretical basis for future elucidation of the biological functions of the MdHXK genes during apple fruit development. 相似文献
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通过序列比对分析鉴定出9个GSK同源基因(命名为OsGSK1-9),它们分布在水稻的6条染色体上。聚类分析表明预测的OsGSK蛋白和其他植物中的GSK蛋白可被分为4个亚组。通过实时定量PCR进一步分析了OsGSK基因家族的基因在水稻各种组织和器官以及在多种逆境胁迫和植物激素处理条件下的表达量。结果表明:大多数OsGSK基因在水稻全生育期都有较高的表达量并且受多种激素(如脱落酸、生长素、油菜素内酯)和逆境(如干旱和盐胁迫)胁迫诱导表达,表明OsGSK基因家族在水稻发育和逆境适应过程中可能起重要作用。 相似文献
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【目的】对黄瓜全基因组的CC-NBS-LRR（CNL）基因家族进行生物信息学和表达模式分析,为深入研究CNL基因家族在黄瓜生长、发育和病害胁迫响应中的功能提供参考。【方法】以拟南芥CNL为参考序列,利用本地Perl语言和Pfam等软件检索黄瓜‘9930’基因组并确定黄瓜CNL基因家族成员。通过ExPASy、GSDS2.0、MEGA、MEME、Tbtools、Mev等工具对黄瓜CNL家族基因进行生物信息学分析。根据转录组数据库、霜霉病菌（Pseudoperonospora cubensis）、白粉病菌（Podosphaera xanthii）接种处理和实时荧光定量PCR技术分析该类基因的表达模式。【结果】从黄瓜全基因组中鉴定得到17个CsCNL,这些基因分布在除1号染色体外的6条染色体上,其编码蛋白与其他植物CNL结构相似,均含有CC、NBS和LRR保守结构域,蛋白质大小介于197—1 148 aa,分子量在22.6—131.3 kD,等电点在5.71—8.38。共线性分析表明其中不存在片段重复和串联重复基因,多物种系统进化关系表明,CsCNL基因家族成员在葫芦科植物之间具有较高的结构和功能相似性。CsCNL启动子中存在多种与抗病相关的顺式作用元件。CsCNL表达具有组织特异性。在接种霜霉病菌2 d和5 d后,Csa3G815400、Csa3G822360和Csa7G420890在抗性品种中均显著上调表达,Csa4G015850在抗性品种中下调表达,在敏感品种中显著性表现不一;在接种白粉病菌2 d和5 d后,Csa2G008000和Csa3G684170在敏感品种中显著上调表达,在抗性品种中显著下调表达;Csa4G016360、Csa7G420890和Csa7G425940在抗性品种中显著上调表达,在敏感品种中表达量无变化或显著下调。【结论】CsCNL家族成员具有组织表达特异性并且多数基因能够响应霜霉病菌和白粉病菌的胁迫。推测Csa3G815400、Csa3G822360和Csa7G420890表达量增加,Csa4G015850表达量减少可诱发抗病黄瓜品种的霜霉病抗病反应;Csa4G016360、Csa7G420890和Csa7G425940表达量增加,Csa2G008000和Csa3G684170表达量减少可诱发抗病黄瓜品种的白粉病抗病反应;而Csa7G420890表达量的增加能同时诱发抗病黄瓜品种的霜霉病和白粉病的抗病反应。 相似文献
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利用 Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交和核酸保护分析（ＲＰＡ）检测了番茄ＡＣＣ 合成酶（ＡＣＳ）和 ＡＣＣ氧化酶（ＡＣＯ）基因家族在番茄突变体Ｅｐｉｎａｓｔｉｃｓ （Ｅｐｉ）果实中的表达特性,同时测定了Ｅｐｉ果实自动催化乙烯合成系统的特性⒚ＥＰＩ等位基因的突变诱导了ＬＥＡＣＳ２ 和ＬＥＡＣＯ１ 两个基因的过表达,这是Ｅｐｉ果实的乙烯过表达的主要成因⒚ＥＰＩ突变同时显著抑制了ＬＥＡＣＳ４ 和 ＬＥＡＣＯ３ 的表达强度⒚这些结果初步鉴别了这两个基因家族在番茄果实上表达的各个成员的转录调节途径⒚同时表明,番茄单基因乙烯反应突变体是研究ＡＣＳ和ＡＣＯ基因家族各成员转录调节特性的一种有用工具⒚ 相似文献
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作为植物中最重要的生长素外输载体,PIN家族在各种植物中都拥有众多成员。对水稻基因组的BLAST搜索获得了12个PIN家族成员,分析发现:水稻PIN基因不均衡地分布在基因组染色体上;其内含子、外显子结构类似;PIN蛋白质拥有典型的载体蛋白序列特征,即亲/疏水性反复变化,存在多次跨膜结构域;几乎所有PIN蛋白都有一个NPNXY的内化结构域和7个功能未知的基序;PIN在早期即分化为两组成员,主要区别在于中间亲水环的部分缺失;并且在后来发生了支系特异的复制事件,从而形成了众多旁系同源基因。 相似文献
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Murine developmental control genes 总被引：53，自引：0，他引：53