共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
2.
为建立和优化小麦成熟胚愈伤组织遗传转化体系,以筛选出的适合小麦成熟胚组织培养再生的普通小麦山农2618为材料,采用农杆菌介导法对其成熟胚愈伤组织进行转化,对影响转化效率的因素如侵染菌液的浓度、侵染时间、超声波处理、真空处理等进行了研究.结果表明,这些因素对小麦成熟胚遗传转化效率有很大影响.菌液侵染浓度OD600为0.8、侵染时间为60 min时转化效率最高.在此基础上辅以超声波处理、真空处理可明显提高转化效率,最高转化率可达8.1%.对转化愈伤组织和转化植株分别进行GUS染色和PCR检测,结果表明外源基因已整合到小麦基因组中. 相似文献
3.
植物基因工程及其在花生遗传改良上的应用研究近况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
瞿桢 《中国油料作物学报》1994,(2)
本文从目的基因的分离，外源基因的转化和植株再生等三个方面，概述了植物基因工程及其应用于花生遗传改良的研究近况．并对将植物基因工程技术尽快应用于花生品种改良的实践，提出粗浅看法。 相似文献
4.
5.
农杆菌介导的花生遗传转化研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
对影响花生遗传转化效率的PPT筛选压、根癌农杆菌的侵染浓度、侵染及共培养时间等因素进行研究，采用农杆菌转化花生叶片，成功地将抗虫基因豇豆蛋白酶抑制基因(CpTI)和耐除草剂基因(Bar)导入花生。实验结果表明，外植体在MS 3mg／LBA 0．8mg／LNAA 2mg／LAgNO3 6mg／L Gln培养基上预培养3d，于OD600为0．3的农杆菌菌液中浸泡5～7min后培养2d，再转移至含有3mg／LBA 0．8mg／LNAA 2mg／LAgNO3 6mg／L Gln 500mg／LCb 300mg／LCef 0．25mg／LPPT的MS培养基诱导筛选培养，3个月后得到24个再生株系。经PCR初步检测，有7个株系显示了310bp的CpTI基因核酸片段，Southern杂交证实了5个株系有外源基因的整合。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
负压和超声波处理对农杆菌介导的花生遗传转化效率的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了提高根癌农杆菌介导的花生遗传转化效率,研究了不同强度的负压和超声波处理时间对外植体芽诱导率的影响以及对花生遗传转化的作用.结果表明,较低强度(抽拉30次)的负压处理和短时间(2min)的超声波处理对花生遗传转化有促进作用,虽然超声波处理延长了芽再生时间,但是有助于提高花生外植体芽点诱导率. 相似文献
9.
农杆菌介导的花生遗传转化条件优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为建立花生快速高效的遗传转化体系,以浸泡吸水后的花生半粒种子为转化受体,利用根癌农杆菌介导法,以除草剂Basta抗性筛选及基因组DNA的Bar基因PCR检测为指标,优化花生遗传转化体系。研究结果表明,在侵染悬浮液中加入1mmol/L二硫苏糖醇（DTT）提高了农杆菌介导的转化效率（最高提升36.5 %）;与YEB培养液相比,AB重悬液的使用显著提高了农杆菌的转化效率（最高提升19.3 %）;农杆菌菌液OD600为0.7时转化效率最高;基因型显著影响转化效率,EXP27-1516的转化效率为69.03%,显著高于14AU01（56.67 %）;以花生半粒种子为转化受体,从种子培养到形成茁壮根系仅需8周,明显短于子叶节转化所需的13周。优化后的农杆菌介导的花生遗传转化体系为花生转基因研究提供了重要的研究工具。 相似文献
10.
以萌动1d的半片种子为靶组织,植物表达载体质粒pCAMBIA1301为外源DNA,通过GUS瞬时表达检测,研究了轰击次数、轰击距离、培养时间及靶组织放置方式对基因枪转化效率的影响。结果表明：轰击次数对转化效率有很大影响,轰击2或3次时GUS瞬时表达效率显著高于1次;在所试的3、6、9、12cm4个轰击距离中,9cm轰击距离对GUS瞬时表达效率最高;靶组织培养时间长短对转化效率也有很大影响,培养2d时,转化效率最高,平均每个半片种子达到217．5个蓝色斑点,随着培养时间的延长,GUS基因瞬时表达呈下降趋势,至第28天以后趋于稳定;靶组织不同放置方式对转化效率无明显的差异。本研究优化了影响基因枪法转化大豆萌动种子的主要因素,从而为基因枪介导大豆遗传转化技术体系的建立提供了参数。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献