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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2008,17(4):490-497
Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni are 2 major foodborne pathogens in the United States, estimated to cause more than 3 million cases of human illness annually. Chickens are the natural hosts of these bacteria, and their drinking water can be a source of S. Enteritidis and C. jejuni, contributing to the colonization of birds. In this study, trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), a natural, generally recognized as safe ingredient in cinnamon oil was evaluated for its efficacy to inactivate S. Enteritidis and C. jejuni in the drinking water of chickens. Well water containing 0, 0.016, 0.03, and 0.06% TC was inoculated with a 5-strain mixture of S. Enteritidis or C. jejuni (˜6 log10 cells/mL). Water samples containing 1% chicken feces or feed were also included. The samples were incubated at 12.5 or 25°C for 7 d and analyzed for bacterial populations on d 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7. Duplicate samples of treatments and control were included, and the study was replicated 3 times. Trans-cinnamaldehyde at 0.06% inactivated Salmonella completely after 24 h in water with 1% feces at both temperatures. In water containing 1% feed, TC (0.06%) reduced S. Enteritidis to undetectable levels after 3 d at 12.5°C or 7 d at 25°C. Presence of feed or feces in water reduced the antibacterial effect (P < 0.001) of TC. The effect of TC on C. jejuni was more pronounced than that on S. Enteritidis. The TC at 0.06% completely inactivated the pathogen after 1 d of incubation at both temperatures. The presence of feces or feed did not have any effect (P > 0.001) on the antibacterial property of TC on C. jejuni. Results indicate that TC is effective in killing S. Enteritidis and C. jejuni in chicken drinking water and may decrease the likelihood that water will contribute to colonization of chickens by these pathogens. 相似文献
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上市肉鸡组织样品中铅、镉、铜、铬含量的测定 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
从江苏省某市采集上市肉鸡组织样品 ,采用微波消解 石墨炉 原子吸收分光光度法 ,测定主要组织 (心脏、肝脏、肌胃、胸肌、肾脏、腿肌、骨骼 )中铅、镉、铜、铬等重金属元素的含量。检验结果 :组织中Pb的含量以心脏最高 (1 3478± 0 531 2 )mg/kg ,肝脏次之 (1 1 2 6 3±0 534 0 )mg/kg ,骨骼最低 (0 1 0 1 8± 0 0 0 6 6)mg/kg ,样品含Pb超标率按上述组织顺序分别为 :1 0 0 %、 96 87%、 96 87%、 87 50 %、1 0 0 %、 81 2 5 %和 0 ;组织中Cd的含量以肾脏最高 (0 0 63 0± 0 0 2 0 2 )mg/kg,骨骼次之 (0 0 55 9± 0 0 2 0 5)mg/kg ,样品含Cd超标率分别为 :6 2 5 %、 0、 3 1 3 %、 0、 0、 0和 0 ;组织中Cu的含量以心脏最高 (8 492 7± 1 90 1 2 )mg/kg,肝脏次之 (8 462 8± 1 666 4)mg/kg ,腿肌最低 (0 8373± 0 741 4 )mg/kg ,样品含Cu超标率分别为 :1 2 50 %、 1 5 63 %、 9 38%、 3 1 3 %、 0、 0和 0 ;组织中Cr的含量以肾脏最高(1 642 5± 1 0 1 0 0 )mg/kg ,肝脏次之 (1 642 5± 0 61 97)mg/kg ,样品含Cr超标率分别为 :50 0 0 %、 62 70 %、 9 38%、 3 1 3 %、 0、 0和 0。检测数据表明 ,鸡主要组织样品中Pb含量严重超标 ;肝脏、肾脏中Cr超标较严重 ,Cd和Cu也有不同程度? 相似文献
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试验对120日龄贵妃鸡、怀乡鸡和北京油鸡公鸡的腿肌肉品质、肌纤维特性进行测定,并对其相关性进行分析。结果表明,北京油鸡肉色大于贵妃鸡,贵妃鸡大于怀乡鸡,分别相差1.66和2.54,差异显著(P<0.05),pH差异不显著(P>0.05);贵妃鸡和怀乡鸡肌肉滴水损失大于北京油鸡,分别高出2.16%和2.59%,差异显著(P<0.05);北京油鸡肌纤维特性优于贵妃鸡,贵妃鸡优于怀乡鸡,直径分别相差0.68和 0.59 μm,密度分别相差373.67和142.07 根/mm2,差异显著(P<0.05)。3种鸡肌纤维直径与密度呈负相关关系,与肉色、pH和滴水损失呈正相关关系,相关性不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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Nan‐Xi Hu Mei Chen Yi‐Song Liu Qi Shi Bo Yang Huan‐Cheng Zhang Pi Cheng Qi Tang Zhao‐Ying Liu Jian‐Guo Zeng 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(2):197-206
Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h?1·kg?1) with a t1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry. 相似文献
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Effect of chicken leptin recptor short hairpin RNA on expression of JAK2, STAT3, SOCS3 and CPT1 genes in chicken preadipocytes 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this study, we detect depressive effect on leptin receptor (LEPR) by LEPR‐specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression plasmids in chicken preadipocytes, and effect on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of genes related to signal transduction, including JAK2, STAT3, SOCS3 as well as CPT1, which is associated with fatty acid metabolism. shRNA expression vectors targeting LEPR were constructed and transfected into chicken preadipocytes. The transfection efficiency was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Real‐time PCR was used to detect its effect on mRNA expression levels of JAK2, STAT3, SOCS3 and CPT1. Results showed that LEPR mRNA was knocked down by 99% (P < 0.01) after transfection for 72 h. In the knockdown preadipocytes, the mRNA levels of JAK2 and CPT1 were down‐regulated by 47.56% (P < 0.01) and 42.26% (P < 0.05), respectively; while expression of STAT3 and SOCS3 increased 7.72‐fold (P < 0.01), 1.71‐fold (P < 0.01), respectively. It is concluded that knockdown of LEPR influences mRNA expression of its down‐stream genes, suggesting that chicken LEPR play a certain role in regulating genes in the complicated gene network of preadipocytes. 相似文献
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鸡精原细胞分离纯化与体外培养初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究以组合酶分步消化法并利用Percoll梯度分离、贴壁纯化的方法，从不同时期的鸡睾丸组织中分离精原细胞。结果发现：①Percoll分离后，出壳6d雏鸡获得的细胞总数、精原细胞总数、精原细胞纯度分别为282．1、174．6、61．9％，其中精原细胞纯度比孵化15d、19d鸡胚和出壳后13d雏鸡分别高10．2％、5．7％和2．5％；②贴壁纯化后精原细胞纯度达到82％，比未经贴壁纯化的精原细胞纯度高出15．6％；③在无饲养层培养条件下，比较Percoll梯度分离前、后鸡精原细胞体外培养的情况，Percoll梯度分离前精原细胞贴壁在时间上比分离后较快，且分离前精原细胞体外存活时间亦比分离后长。 相似文献
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AA~ 种鸡产蛋率、受精率、孵化率的相关分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对AA 肉用种鸡产蛋周(1～35周)的产蛋率、受精率、孵化率进行跟踪观测并对3个指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:产蛋率与受精率相关系数为0.864(P<0.01);产蛋率与孵化率相关系数为0.900(P<0.01);受精率与孵化率相关系数为0.992(P<0.01),产蛋率与受精率,产蛋率与孵化率,受精率与孵化率三者都呈较强正相关。其中受精率与孵化率相关性最强,产蛋率与孵化率相关性次之,产蛋率与受精率相关性较弱。 相似文献
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枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长、胴体和鸡肉品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文研究了枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能、胴体和鸡肉品质的影响。选用90羽7日龄的肉仔鸡,随机分成3个处理组,每个处理设3个重复。对照1组饲喂基础日粮,对照2组饲喂基础日粮添加0.05%的硫酸新霉素制剂,试验组饲喂基础日粮添加0.1%的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。试验期35d。试验结果表明:试验组肉鸡的末期平均体重、净增重和日增重均比对照1组高,且差异显著(P<0.05),但均比对照2组低,差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组鸡的平均采食量均略高于两对照组(P>0.05),试验组的饲料转化率较对照1组提高3.14%,比对照2组低1.59%(P>0.05)。试验组肉鸡胴体品质的各项指标与两对照组相比,除了腿肌重和腿肌率有显著差异外(P<0.05),其余各项指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验组鸡肌肉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量均高于两对照组。这表明在较高的营养水平条件下添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长具有一定的促进作用,对肉鸡胴体和鸡肉品质无不良影响,可增加鸡肉鲜味。 相似文献
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乌鸡与AA肉鸡肉中钙、铁含量的比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用火焰原子吸收法对乌鸡和AA肉鸡肉中钙、铁含量进行了测定，结果证明乌鸡肉含钙量400mg/kg-450mg/kg，含铁量70-80mg/kg;AA肉鸡含钙量250-300mg/kg，含铁量35-40mg/kg。加标回收率，铁97%-102%，钙97%-104%，同时对释放剂氯化镧、氯化锶作了选择性实验，实验表明，同时测定Ca、Fe时，选择氯化锶做释放剂果较好。 相似文献
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肉种鸡鸡舍夏季通风降温试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在两栋长145m，跨度5.4m的双坡式有窗封闭舍内，采用三层笼养方式分别饲养700只235日龄的艾维菌肉种鸡，将其中采用轴流式风机加湿帘纵向通风系统的一栋鸡舍作为试验组，而将另一栋采用窗户自然通风的鸡舍作为对照组，于夏季进行为期15d的试验，结果表明试验组与对照组的舍内温度在1d内明显不同，且舍外温度越高，试验组的舍内降温效果越好，相应地，试验组也减轻了肉种鸡的夏季热应激。 相似文献
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为了探讨洋葱槲皮素对鸡免疫功能的影响,研究选用180只健康1日龄海兰褐公鸡雏,设空白对照组、阳性对照组、1 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组、2 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组、4 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组和8 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组。每组30只鸡雏,自由采食、饮水。1日龄开始,阳性对照组在饮水中按0.05 g/L加入左旋咪唑,1 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组、2 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组、4 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组和8 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组在饲料中分别按1、2、4、8 g/kg加入洋葱槲皮素,连喂28 d。在29和36日龄,采用称重法检测洋葱槲皮素对鸡脾、法氏囊和胸腺指数的影响;在29日龄,采用MTT法检测洋葱槲皮素对鸡腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响;采用ELISA法检测洋葱槲皮素对鸡腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL-4和IL-12的影响。结果显示,洋葱槲皮素能够提高脾、法氏囊和胸腺指数;提高巨噬细胞吞噬功能,诱导巨噬细胞IL-4和IL-12的分泌量。4 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组的作用效果优于1 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组、2 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组和8 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组,呈双向调节。试验表明,洋葱槲皮素可通过促进脾、法氏囊和胸腺的发育,提高巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,诱导巨噬细胞IL-4和IL-12分泌,进而提高机体的免疫功能。 相似文献
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鸡产业作为天祝县八大产业之一,资源环境优越,生产效益稳定,市场潜力大。坚持龙头企业打造引领,科学规划养殖布局,落实工作措施,可有力推动全县畜牧业高质量发展,持续巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,加快乡村振兴步伐。 相似文献
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北京油鸡与红宝鸡杂交后代的生长性状研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用北京油鸡与红宝鸡进行正反杂交，并与红宝、北京油鸡进行比较观察，测定其后代生长速率、饲料报酬。结果表明，红宝与北京油鸡杂交可明显提高北京油鸡杂交后代的生长速度和饲料报酬。试验还表明，在生长速率上，红宝鸡的母本效应明显，北京油鸡作父本应用比用作母本效果好，周增重速率从第３周时就表现出快速趋势 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(2):137-145
The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of range enrichment (trees or tall grass stand) on the performance and herbage intake of free-range chicken. This trial was conducted in 2 different seasons (winter and summer) comparing a standard free-range system with 2 kinds of range enrichment: a stand of sorghum (a tall grass) and olive trees. Two hundred fifty male naked neck chickens were used in each season and system; performance, behavior, forage intake, and body lesions were recorded. Productive performance was not affected by range enrichment. However, in the presence of trees or tall grass stand, no predation losses were experienced; whereas, in the standard paddock, cases of predation by raptors or crows were registered, mainly during the first period of rearing. Consequently, mortality rate was significantly lower in the enriched environment. Control chickens stayed indoors more rather than forage in the pasture, whereas, in enriched environments, birds spent more time outdoors and widely exploited the available pasture. Forage intake was significantly influenced by rearing system and season; chickens reared under olive trees had higher herbage ingestion, exploring the available area up to almost 50 m from the hut. With the olive trees, chickens also showed the lowest frequency of foot and breast damage. 相似文献
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Mehrab Faraji Saeid Karimi Dehkordi Abdol Karim Zamiani Moghadam Behnam Ahmadipour Fariborz Khajali 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(1):162-169
High levels of guanidinoacetate acid (GAA) deteriorate growth response in broiler chickens. We propose using coenzyme Q10, an antioxidant, and taurine (TAU), a methyl donor, to cope with the situation when high level of GAA included in diet. GAA was supplemented at 0 (control), 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 g/kg in isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets and fed to broilers (Cobb 500) from 1 to 40 days post‐hatch. Three additional diets were prepared by adding CoQ10 (40 mg/kg), TAU (40 mg/kg) or their combination (both CoQ10 and TAU at 40 mg/kg) to the 2.25 g/kg GAA group. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design. While weight gain (p = 0.038) and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.024) improved when GAA added at 1.5 g/kg, higher supplementation (2.25 g/kg) deteriorated these responses. These responses, however, were significantly restored by using CoQ10, TAU or their combination. Abdominal fat deposition was significantly decreased when TAU added to broiler diets by virtue of upregulating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha. Supplementing broiler diets with CoQ10 and TAU or their combination significantly decrease ascites mortality. In conclusion, CoQ10 and TAU have shown beneficial effects when high level of GAA included in broiler diets. 相似文献