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The sterile insect technique is an environmentally friendly method to control and even eradicate agricultural and veterinary insect pests without using chemical pesticides in excess. However, the continuous production and release of sterile insects is economically costly and eradication programs using sterile insects have not always been successful owing to the incomplete mating ability of the sterile insects. Here we focus on the theory and empirical findings of interspecific negative mating interaction, known as reproductive interference, to develop a more cost‐effective and value‐added pest management program. We suggest that sterile insects can be used for simultaneous control of both wild‐type conspecifics and closely related pest species by taking advantage of the fact that, when species recognition abilities are incomplete, courtship and mating are often misdirected toward heterospecies. This new approach might help mitigate economic damage and human health crises caused by pest insects. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Carob moth, Apomyelois (=Ectomyelois) ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a key pest in pomegranate orchards in Southeast of Turkey. The pest causes significant damage and reduces marketability of fruits, and is difficult to control with insecticides. Therefore, it is imperative to develop environmentally sound effective alternative management approaches. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the mating disruption technique and determine the appropriate application dose for the management of the pest. The study was carried out in Central and Suruç districts of ?anl?urfa province (Turkey) in 2011 and 2012. SPLAT EC (Specialized Pheromone-Lure Application Technology) trade named dispenser containing 2% Z7, E9-11-dodecatrienyl formate pheromone mimic was applied at 500, 625 and 750 g/ha in three pomegranate orchards in each district. Results indicated that mating disruption technique significantly reduced the pest populations. But effectiveness of the method was less in terms of the damage rate on fruits. Pheromone applied at 500 g/ha was not effective. However, application at 625 g/ha reduced the pest populations to an acceptable level. Thus, the concentration could be considered an appropriate dose for the less abundant pest population within integrated pest management while higher population would require combining the mating disruption method with a bio-insecticide. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: The codling moth is the most serious pest of deciduous tree fruit (apples, pears, crabapples, walnuts, quince) worldwide. The high frequency of insecticide treatments per season has resulted in breakdown of codling moth control owing to insecticide resistance. As an alternative, integrated pest management includes mating disruption to achieve population suppression in orchards. Under this scheme, the sex pheromone of the codling moth, (E, E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol (codlemone), is released from dispensers in crops to hinder mating by luring males. Increasing the attractiveness of codlemone formulations to codling moth males can be regarded as a key to increasing the efficacy of mating disruption. With this aim, the effects of adding plant volatiles on the behavioural responses of codling moth males to codlemone were tested. RESULTS: Adding R(+)‐limonene, linalool, (E)‐β‐farnesene or ethyl (E, Z)‐2,4‐decadienoate to codlemone significantly increases the proportion of males flying to the pheromone source in a wind tunnel. The response level is equivalent to that of males responding to females releasing codlemone. Using real‐time recordings, it is shown how these four plant products also shorten the response time of males to codlemone under the behavioural criteria time to activation, time till upwind flight is induced and time to pheromone source contact. CONCLUSION: Shortening the response time and increasing source location by males of dispensers releasing codlemone with R(+)‐limonene, linalool, (E)‐β‐farnesene or ethyl (E, Z)‐2,4‐decadienoate added would enhance mating disruption through better engagement of males with dispensers, to the detriment of females. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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交配对昆虫的繁衍至关重要,决定了昆虫种群的发展趋势。半翅目盲蝽科昆虫具有繁殖快,产卵量大,世代重叠严重等特点,使其容易暴发难以防控,严重影响了农业的生产和发展。本文针对盲蝽的交配行为进行综述,系统阐明了盲蝽科不同物种间交配特征、交配高峰、交配节律以及交配次数的差异,并对盲蝽科昆虫存在的多次交配行为和交配后抑制现象及机理进行了简要介绍,论述了抑性欲素对盲蝽科昆虫交配后行为的调控。通过以上论述,为针对盲蝽交配行为开发新型交配干扰剂并用于盲蝽的综合防治提供理论依据。 相似文献
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柑橘灰象甲交配行为与繁殖的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在自然条件下,较系统地观察了柑橘灰象甲Sympiezomia citre的交配和繁殖行为。结果表明,该虫的交配主要发生在下午19：00～20：00,占总交配数的43%。连续15 d的观察表明,该虫平均交配了5.47次,最高为15次;交配持续时间最短330min,最长为787min;交配间隔时间最短287min,最长2215min;第1次交配持续时间和间隔时间明显长于而后的交配。交配次数与交配持续时间没有相关性,但与和交配间隔时间有相关性。连续35 d的产卵量观察表明,每雌平均产卵量为35.7粒,产卵量与总交配次数没有相关性。 相似文献
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为明确梨小食心虫雄蛾的交配能力等生物学特性, 正确评价梨小食心虫性信息素诱杀雄蛾的田间应用效果, 本研究借助监控设备观察了梨小食心虫雄蛾与雌蛾的交配时间段、交配持续时间、雄蛾交配次数、雄蛾首次交配及末次交配日龄, 研究了雄蛾日龄对交配率的影响, 雄蛾交配次数对雌蛾产卵量及卵孵化率的影响。结果表明, 梨小食心虫雄蛾能与多头雌蛾交配, 且从1日龄至19日龄期间均能与雌蛾交配。随着雄蛾日龄的增加, 其与雌蛾交配率降低, 雄蛾交配次数的增加对雌蛾产卵量及卵孵化率没有显著影响。因此田间使用性信息素诱杀一定数量的雄蛾对降低后代种群数量有一定的作用, 但只有在短时间内将雄蛾数量减少到一定范围内才可起到理想效果。 相似文献
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通过室内饲养观察和解剖云斑天牛雌虫生殖系统,研究了单次和多次交配对云斑天牛雌虫精子数量的消耗、产卵量、产卵历期和寿命的影响,并对云斑天牛雌虫生殖系统、精子形态及精子在雌虫生殖系统中的分布动态进行了研究。结果表明,多次交配的云斑天牛雌虫交配-受精腔内的精子数量长期保持在80万个左右,而单次交配的云斑天牛雌虫交配-受精腔内精子数量随着天数的增加而下降。多次交配的雌虫产卵量(31.44粒)和产卵历期(30.12d)都显著大于单次交配雌虫的产卵量(27.88粒)和产卵历期(25.75d)(P<0.05);多次交配的雌虫寿命低于单次交配的雌虫,但两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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为了探明白星花金龟Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis的羽化节律和羽化进程、交配行为及交配节律,在室内恒定条件下(光照周期为L∥D=14h∥10h,温度为(25±2)℃,相对湿度为75%~80%),对白星花金龟的羽化及交配行为进行了观察,结果表明:1)羽化在白天和晚上均可发生,雌雄羽化节律均表现出驼峰型,雌虫羽化最高峰出现在04:00-06:00,雄虫的羽化最高峰出现在16:00-18:00;2)羽化进程为33d,羽化高峰期为开始羽化后的15~33d,羽化数占总数的76.77%,雌虫较雄虫羽化早;3)交配行为分为相遇和交配。相遇包括相互避让、相互攻击、爬背、抱对、交配等;交配包括爬背、抱对和交配,部分具有配后保护行为;4)72h内交配不止一次的占30%,交配持续时间最短的为95s,最长的295s,平均(182±28)s;5)24h内抱对出现了两个高峰:18:00-20:00和20:00-22:00,抱对率分别为92.5%和90%,且差异不显著(P0.05),但是和其他时间段具有显著性差异(P0.05);6)24h内有两个交配高峰,分别为12:00-14:00和20:00-22:00,交配率分别为35%和40%,且和其他时间段呈显著差异(P0.05)。白星花金龟在00:00-08:00和16:00-20:00时间段未发生交配现象。 相似文献
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成虫日龄与交配状态对棉褐环野螟繁殖力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究影响棉褐环野螟(棉大卷叶螟)[ Haritalodes derogata (Fabricius)]产卵量、孵化率及成虫寿命的因素,为性信息素的研究开发提供理论依据.[方法]在温度(25±2)℃,光周期L∥D=14 h//10 h的条件下,研究棉褐环野螟的繁殖适度.[结果]交配时间短于40min时成虫的产卵前期明显延长,而交配时间长于40 min时成虫产卵期延长,产卵量与孵化率显著提高.0次交配产卵量极小且不能正常孵化,交配1次或多次能使产卵量与卵孵化率明显提高.雌虫延迟交配对其产卵期、产卵量、孵化率和雌虫寿命会产生明显的影响,与正常交配之间存在显著差异,其中3日龄的雌性成虫与7日龄的雄性成虫交配后产卵期(4.2±0.76)d、寿命(15.40±0.62)d最长,产卵量(189±17.17)粒/头、孵化率(54.39±0.07)％最大.[结论]明确了雌虫交配持续时长、交配次数以及雌雄不同年龄组配对繁殖的影响. 相似文献
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本文在风洞中模拟形成高浓度性信息素Z7-12:Ac、Z9-14:Ac和 Z11-16:Ac 环境,研究草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)的求偶和交配行为,为进一步开发交配干扰技术提供技术参数和依据。研究结果表明,在高剂量性信息素环境下,草地贪夜蛾雄蛾的暗期活动时间延后,而雌蛾的活动节律则没有变化,雌雄蛾之间产生了活动节律的时间差。同时,雌雄交配率和交配持续时间显著下降,交配日龄则显著延迟2 d。由于交配日龄延迟,产卵量及其孵化率也相应降低。性信息素喷射时间间隔对草地贪夜蛾性信息素释放滴度有显著影响,当间隔时间为5、10、20 min时,雌蛾释放的性信息素滴度显著下降,以5 min为最低。因此,高剂量性信息素环境不仅影响雄蛾对性信息素的定向,对雌雄蛾间化学通讯和交配也有显著影响。 相似文献
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As an initial part of a programme aimed at promoting safe and sound agricultural practices in Ghana, a study was made of farmers' perceptions of pesticides for use and application in vegetable production, using a small survey of 137 farmers who applied pesticides. Field surveys, interviews, questionnaires and analytical games were used to obtain information on the type, scope and extent of use of pesticides, farmers' knowledge of pesticides, and their perceptions about the chemicals' potential for harm. Data from this sample of farmers were used to describe the status of use of pesticides in vegetable cultivation in Ghana. Using chi2 tests, associations between farmers' age and possible pesticide poisoning symptoms, their farm size and method of spraying pesticides, and their perception of pesticide hazard and its perceived effectiveness against pests were also examined. The survey showed that knapsack sprayers were the most widely used type of equipment for spraying pesticides. However, on large-scale vegetable farms of 6-10 acres, motorised sprayers were also used. Various inappropriate practices in the handling and use of pesticides caused possible poisoning symptoms among those farmers who generally did not wear protective clothing. Younger farmers (<45 years of age) were the most vulnerable group, probably because they did more spraying than older farmers (>45 years of age). Farmers did not necessarily associate hazardous pesticides with better pest control. The introduction of well-targeted training programmes for farmers on the need for and safe use of pesticides is advocated. 相似文献
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O. Coulibaly D. Mbila D.J. Sonwa Akin Adesina J. Bakala 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2002,7(3):165-172
Cocoa is a key or source of income and poverty reduction in the humid forest of Southern Cameroon. Cameroon like other African countries went through a major economic crisis in the early 1980s with a decline in international commodity prices and significant changes in macroeconomic policies. Structural adjustment reforms following the economic crisis led to removal of fertilizers and pesticides subsidies, cocoa price liberalization and the overall withdraw of Government interventions from the cocoa sub-sector. Cocoa input price increases have been compounded by the devaluation of the CFA Franc, which doubled the prices of the imported pesticides which were considered key to the control of cocoa pests. This overall economic shock led to changes in cocoa producer's production decisions as a response to minimize cost. Among the changes the use of alternatives to imported chemicals for cocoa pest control. Farmers responded to the high prices of pesticides by developing, from local botanical knowledge and pest management strategies, which include plant extracts and plant extracts mixed with pesticides at different proportions. This is a major decision given the importance of imported chemical in the cost of production of cocoa. Valuable indigenous knowledge from farmers could be used also as an effective support system for communicating and diffusing modern knowledge and technologies to farmers. The paper describes the farmer knowledge-based alternatives to chemical pesticides for pest control in cocoa fields as a response to high pest control costs. Pest management specialists are urged to take advantage of this shift in practice and assess their effectiveness for further use. Two sets of questions are posed: (1) were the conventional insecticides, with all their problems, really necessary? and (2) are the materials derived from locally grown plants effective pest management agents or are they, in some way, placebos? 相似文献
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本文利用数量遗传学方法分析害虫抗药性遗传学特性,比较了３种研究害虫抗药性遗传力的方法,其中同胞分析和亲子回归方法根据遗传力的定义直接估计抗性遗传力,阈性状分析法是根据药剂的选择作用估算出现实遗传力。 相似文献
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蒋青等于1994年-1995年创立的多指标综合评价方法经历二十多年的应用、众多研究人员的拓展和改进,有力地推动了我国在有害生物风险分析领域的发展。本文收集了国内已有的参考和应用此方法开展有害生物风险分析研究的文献,梳理了该方法的应用案例,开展了相关文献的可视化分析,更加直观地展示了多指标综合评价方法的应用进展、研究热点和发展趋势。面对未来全球有害生物新发、突发和常态化等风险分析实际需求,有必要对该方法进行优化。通过对该方法的系统回顾,总结了该研究方法的特点和变化情况,并基于该方法与其他国际同类方法的比较对其进一步发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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Orkun B. Kovanci James F. Walgenbach George G. Kennedy Coby Schal 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(4):334-342
The efficacy of microencapsulated sprayable pheromone was evaluated at different application rates and intervals for mating
disruption of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta (Busck), in apple orchards during 2002. The following treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with
three replications: (i) a low rate of pheromone (6.2 g a.i. ha−1) applied at 14-day intervals, (ii) a medium rate of pheromone (12.4 g a.i. ha−1) applied at 28-day intervals, (iii) a high rate of pheromone (24.7 g a.i. ha−1) applied at 28- day intervals, and (iv) a non-pheromone control (insecticides only). The combination of a single insecticide
application against first generationG. molesta at petal fall with one pheromone application each for the second, third and fourth generations at 12.4–24.7 g a.i. ha−1 successfully controlled low populations. Pheromone-treated blocks. had significantly lower trap catches than those in the
insecticide-treated control blocks. Among pheromone treatments, significantly more moths were caught in the 6.2 g compared
with the 12.4 and 24.7 g rates. Fruit damage was <1% at harvest and there were no significant differences among treatments.
Low rate frequent applications of sprayable formulation appeared to be effective under low pest pressure but efficacy declined
with increasing populations. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach under higher pest
pressure.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 13, 2005. 相似文献