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1.
土壤植硅体碳积累潜力影响因素分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
土壤植硅体封存有机碳(phytolith-occluded organic carbon,PhytOC)是植物在地质历史时期固碳的重要形式之一,不同植物、不同器官、不同组织、不同生长时期的植硅体形态、含量、大小、分布、组合有所不同。土壤中植硅体碳积累潜力主要受气候变化、植物生产力、植硅体固碳效率、植硅体碳稳定性、土地利用方式、农艺措施、国家宏观政策等因素的影响。本文对各因素进行了较深入的分析。同时指出,固碳机理、植硅体固碳高效品种选育、人为干扰下农林生态系统植硅体碳循环过程为今后植硅体碳汇研究的重点。 相似文献
2.
【目的】水稻是典型的富硅植物,植硅体沉积在水稻体内可封存有机碳。本文分析不同吸硅能力基因型水稻植硅体含量、形态、分布及其固碳特征,探究水稻植硅体固碳机理。【方法】盆栽试验在浙江大学玻璃房内进行。供试材料为水稻低硅突变体Lsi1和Lsi2及其野生型,所有施肥和管理措施一致。于成熟期,取水稻地上部茎、叶、鞘样品,常规方法测定硅、植硅体、植硅体碳含量。【结果】1)不同基因型水稻体内硅含量、植硅体含量、生物量干物质植硅体碳含量存在显著差异,均表现为突变体显著低于其野生型,大小依次为Lsi1野生型> Lsi2野生型> Lsi2突变体> Lsi1突变体,Lsi1和Lsi2突变体水稻植硅体碳含量显著高于其野生型,大小依次为Lsi1突变体> Lsi2突变体> Lsi2野生型> Lsi1野生型。2)野生型水稻硅与植硅体含量为鞘>叶>茎,而突变体水稻硅与植硅体含量为叶>鞘>茎,水稻叶片中的植硅体碳与生物量干物质植硅体碳含量最高,植硅体碳含量整体分布趋势为叶>茎>鞘,生物量干物质植硅体碳含量整体变化趋势为叶>鞘>茎。3)水稻植硅体含量与硅含量之间呈极显著正相关(P <0.01),高吸硅的水稻植硅体含量高,且形成的植硅体比表面积小,表明植硅体含量及其形态受其遗传特性的影响。植硅体含量与生物量干物质植硅体碳含量之间呈极显著正相关(P <0.01),植硅体碳含量与生物量干物质植硅体碳含量之间呈极显著负相关(P <0.01),表明生物量干物质植硅体碳含量除了受植硅体含量影响,还受植硅体所包裹的有机碳浓度影响。4) Lsi1及Lsi2野生型水稻生物量、植硅体储量、植硅体碳储量显著高于其突变体。【结论】具有高吸硅能力的野生型水稻与其突变体相比,生物量、硅、植硅体、生物量干物质植硅体碳含量增加,分布不同,虽然植硅体碳含量降低,但植硅体碳储量增加。Lsi1及Lsi2野生型水稻比低硅突变体水稻具有更高的固碳潜力。 相似文献
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浙江南部亚热带森林土壤植硅体碳的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植硅体封存有机碳(Phytolith-occluded organic carbon,Phyt OC)是一种稳定的有机碳形态。它由植物自身硅化作用产生,在植物死亡或凋落后归还于土壤,从而影响森林生态系统稳定性碳库的储量。本文以浙江庆元县5种不同亚热带典型森林立地土壤为研究对象,利用不同土层深度(0~10 cm、10~30 cm、30~60 cm和60~100 cm)土壤样品,分析土壤植硅体含量和植硅体碳含量,并估算土壤中植硅体碳储量。结果表明,毛竹林、杉木林、针阔混交林、阔叶林和马尾松林土壤植硅体含量(土壤剖面平均值)变化范围在8.14~19.74 g kg-1,其中毛竹林土壤植硅体含量最高。而植硅体中Phyt OC平均含量最高的为马尾松林(24.31 g kg-1),最低的为针阔混交林(13.06 g kg-1)。土壤Phyt OC/TOC比值随土层深度增加而急剧增加。统计分析表明,不同林分下土壤硅含量与土壤植硅体含量呈极显著相关关系(p0.01),与土壤Phyt OC含量之间呈显著的正相关关系(p0.05)。我国亚热带毛竹林、杉木林、马尾松林、阔叶林和针阔混交林1 m土体Phyt OC总储量分别为1.988×107、4.025×107、2.575×107、2.542×107和0.340×107 t。 相似文献
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缙云山4种林分土壤植硅体碳分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
森林生态系统中丰富的植硅体可以将部分有机碳封存于土壤中,形成稳定的碳库,对全球碳平衡起到重要作用。以重庆市缙云山的竹林、阔叶林、针叶林和针阔叶混交林4种亚热带森林植被为研究对象,研究不同林分下土壤植硅体及植硅体碳在0～20、20～40、40～60和60～100 cm土壤剖面上的分布规律。结果表明,整个土壤剖面(0～100 cm)上,不同林分下竹林土壤有机碳含量和储量、土壤植硅体和植硅体碳含量及植硅体碳储量均最高,显著高于其他3种林分(P0.05)。4种林分下有机碳和植硅体碳含量呈现一定的表层(0～20 cm)富集现象,并呈现随土层深度增加含量减少的趋势。相关性分析发现,植硅体和植硅体中的有机碳存在显著的负相关关系(P0.05),而与植硅体碳存在极显著的正相关关系(P0.01)。缙云山4种林分中,竹林土壤有机碳含量、储量,植硅体、植硅体碳含量、储量均为最高,是较好的富碳森林类型。 相似文献
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6.
水耕人为土时间序列的植硅体及其闭留碳演变特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以浙江慈溪滨海沉积物上发育的5个具有不同植稻年龄的水耕人为土剖面为研究对象,系统分析了土壤中的植硅体及其闭留碳的演变特征。结果表明,水耕人为土时间序列土壤中植硅体的含量变幅为3.67~17.51 g kg-1。水耕人为土中植硅体的剖面分布特征与有机碳相似,呈现出随着土壤深度的增加含量逐渐降低的趋势。其剖面分布特征表明植硅体在水耕人为土中不易移动。与起源土相比,水耕人为土表层植硅体含量有较大程度的增加,说明植稻有利于植硅体在土壤表层富集。而植硅体随植稻年龄的增加没有表现出有规律的增加或减少趋势。统计分析表明植硅体和总硅之间呈极显著正相关,说明植硅体对土壤发生中的硅循环起着重要作用。水稻产生的植硅体其体内闭留的碳量较高,但由于土体内植硅体总量较低,植硅体闭留碳仅占总有机碳的0.93%~1.68%。现有数据表明,仅通过根系与残茬返还土壤,种植富硅植物水稻并不能显著增强土壤的长期固碳能力。由于植硅体固定的碳在土壤环境中比较稳定,如果能强化秸秆还田,植稻对于土壤长期固碳具有意义。 相似文献
7.
典型麻竹林土壤植硅体碳的空间异质性特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤植硅体碳(Phytolith Occluded Organic Carbon,Phyt OC)是土壤稳定性碳库的重要来源之一,对于增强土壤碳汇,维持全球CO2平衡具有重要意义。为了了解土壤植硅体碳的空间分布,基于地统计学方法,结合Arc GIS 10.0空间分析软件,分析典型麻竹主产区——福建南靖县麻竹林不同土层的土壤植硅体碳的空间变异性。结果表明:南靖县麻竹土壤植硅体碳平均含量介于0.30~0.75g kg-1之间,变异系数介于80.38%~87.46%,表现为中等程度的变异性;地统计分析得出块基比介于8.7%~74.9%,有较强的空间自相关性,且参数比均较小,模型拟合度较好;0~100 cm土层土壤植硅体碳平均储量为4.23 t hm-2;土壤植硅体碳含量随土壤剖面深度的增加而降低,土壤植硅体碳、土壤植硅体和土壤全硅的空间分布图较为相似,它们之间也呈极显著正相关关系(p0.01)。样地的竹林年龄与表层的土壤植硅体碳呈现显著正相关关系(p0.05)。样地的海拔与表层的土壤植硅体碳呈现显著负相关关系(p0.05)。 相似文献
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硅是地壳中重要元素之一,深刻影响着地表物质循环。湿地是全球碳、硅循环和气候变化研究的重要组成部分,然而针对湿地硅循环方面的研究较少。本文分别运用化学提取法和无损提取法,得出了黄河口三角洲湿地地表土壤中生物硅的含量、组成,并对湿地硅的分布特征与影响因素进行了研究。结果发现:黄河口湿地生物硅含量介于2.48~19.3 g/kg之间,并具有冬季高、秋季低的特点;生物硅与颗粒有机碳和颗粒有机氮含量具有显著的正相关关系,表明三者具有相似的来源;生物硅和植物可利用硅之间显著的相关性表明生物硅在土壤硅循环中起着主要作用。土壤中生物硅的含量与距离河道和海岸的长度均呈负相关关系,在生物硅的"距离效应"中海洋的作用较为显著。湿地表层土壤中植硅体的形态丰富,在黄河沿岸分别以哑铃形或突起棒形为主要植硅体形态,这与其植被特点有关;在II区域则主要以平滑棒形为主,且硅藻对生物硅的贡献比例明显增加。I区大部分站位发现的硅藻为圆筛藻,而在II区发现的硅藻主要为月形藻和舟形藻(羽纹硅藻纲),这与湿地水陆相互作用有关。植硅体主要来源于本地植物,是土壤中生物硅的最主要贡献者,同时黄河泥沙携带的来自上游流域的植硅体也对湿地生物硅含量和组成有一定的贡献。黄河口湿地土壤中生物硅的含量和组成受到河流和海洋的共同影响,具有一定的区域特性,并可能对河流和海洋硅循环产生重大影响。 相似文献
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白洋淀芦苇湿地生态系统中植硅体的产生和积累研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
植硅体(phytoliths),又称植物蛋白石,存在于大部分植物组织细胞中,主要是依靠植物的根系吸取土壤溶液中的可溶性二氧化硅,在植物细胞或细胞内沉淀硅化而形成的一种固体的非晶质含水二氧化硅颗粒物[1].植硅体主要组成部分是二氧化硅(67％～95％)、水(1％～12％)、碳(0.1％～6％)及少量的无机元素Na、K、 Ca、 Fe、 AL、 Ti等[2],由于其具有较强的抗分解、抗腐蚀和耐高温等特性,可以长时间较稳定地保存在一些岩石和土壤中[3-5],在硅的生物地球化学循环中有着重要的作用,是全球硅循环的重要参与者[6].虽然植硅体作为生物硅的重要组成部分,在全球硅的生物地球化学循环中占据着重要地位,但在湿地生态系统中植硅体产生和积累研究则鲜见报道[7]. 相似文献
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Xiaodong Zhang Zhaoliang Song Kim McGrouther Jianwu Li Zimin Li Ning Ru Hailong Wang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(2):461-466
Purpose
Occlusion of carbon in phytoliths is an important biogeochemical carbon sequestration mechanism and plays a significant role in the global biogeochemical carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration regulation at a millennial scale. However, few studies have focused on the storage of phytolith and phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) in subtropical forest soils.Materials and methods
Soil profiles with 100-cm depth were sampled from subtropical bamboo forest, fir forest, and chestnut forest in China to investigate the variation of phytoliths and PhytOC storage in the soil profiles based on amass-balance assessment.Results and discussion
The storage of phytoliths in the top 100 cm of the bamboo forest soil (198.13?±?25.08 t ha?1) was much higher than that in the fir forest (146.76?±?4.53 t ha?1) and chestnut forest (170.87?±?9.59 t ha?1). Similarly, the storage of PhytOC in the bamboo forest soil (3.91?±?0.64 t ha?1) was much higher than that in the fir forest soil (1.18?±?0.22 t ha?1) and chestnut forest soil (2.67?±?0.23 t ha?1). The PhytOC percentage in the soil organic carbon pool increased with soil depth and was the highest (4.29 %) in the bamboo forest soil. Our study demonstrated that PhytOC in soil was significantly influenced by forest type and the bamboo forest ecosystem contributed more significantly to phytolith carbon sequestration than other forest ecosystems.Conclusions
Different forest types have a significant influence on the soil PhytOC storage. Optimization of bamboo afforestation/reforestation in future forest management plans may significantly enhance the biogeochemical carbon sink in the following centuries.12.
Xiaodong Zhang Zhaoliang Song Zhiqi Zhao Lukas Van Zwieten Jianwu Li Linan Liu Song Xu Hailong Wang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(2):481-490
Purpose
Occlusion of carbon (C) within phytoliths, biogenic silica deposited in plant tissues and returned to the soil, is an important mechanism for long-term terrestrial biogeochemical C sequestration and might play a significant role in mitigating climate change.Materials and methods
Subtropical and tropical soil profiles (to 100 cm depth) developed on granite and basalt were sampled using a mass-balance approach to explore the influence of climate and lithology on soil phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) accumulation.Results and discussion
Soil PhytOC storage in the subtropics was significantly greater than in the tropics, with the soil profiles developed on granite storing greater PhytOC than soils derived on basalt. Phytolith and PhytOC content decreased with depth in all soil profiles. Phytolith content showed a positive correlation with the soil bio-available silicon in the soil profiles developed on basalt, while a negative correlation was observed in soil profiles developed on granite.Conclusions
Climate and lithology have a significant impact on soil PhytOC sequestration. The management of forests (e.g., afforestation and reforestation) and external silicon amendments (e.g., basalt powder amendment) in soils, especially those developed on granite, have the potential to enhance PhytOC accumulation in forest ecosystems.13.
A modelling analysis of the potential for soil carbon sequestration under short rotation coppice willow bioenergy plantations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract. Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and their association with global climate change have led to several major international initiatives to reduce net CO2 emissions, including the promotion of bioenergy crops such as short rotation coppice (SRC) willow. Although the above-ground harvested bio-fuel is likely to be the major contributor to the CO2 mitigation potential of bioenergy crops, additional carbon may be sequestered through crop inputs into plantation soils. Here, we describe a process-based model specifically designed to evaluate the potential for soil carbon sequestration in SRC willow plantations in the UK. According to the model predictions, we conclude that the potential for soil carbon sequestration in these plantations is comparable to, or even greater than, that of naturally regenerating woodland. Our preliminary, site-specific model output suggests that soil carbon sequestration may constitute about 5% of the overall carbon mitigation benefit arising from SRC plantations. Sensitivity analyses identified the following factors as the principal controls on rates and amounts of soil carbon sequestration under SRC: carbon inputs (net primary production), decomposition rates of the major soil carbon pools, initial soil carbon content (an inverse relationship with rates of soil carbon sequestration), crop/plantation management, and depth of soil being influenced by the bioenergy crop. Our results suggest that carbon sequestration potential is greatest in soils whose carbon content has been depleted to relatively low levels due to agricultural land use practices such as annual deep ploughing of agricultural soils. 相似文献
14.
河北省农田生态系统碳源/汇时空变化及其影响因素 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
基于1989-2008年河北省主要农作物产量、耕地面积、有效灌溉面积、化肥施用量及农业机械动力等方面的统计数据,估算了河北省近20a来农田生态系统碳源/汇,并探讨了碳源/汇时空变化及其影响因素。结果表明,近20a来河北省农田生态系统碳吸收总量总体呈现波动增加态势,碳排放总量也呈逐年上升的趋势,且碳吸收增长的速度大于碳排放的速度,总的来说,河北省农田生态系统是碳汇;从空间上来看,河北省碳汇强度由南向北逐渐降低;在各种作物中,小麦和玉米的碳吸收所占比重最大;对影响农田生态系统碳源/汇因素分析表明,农业灌溉对作物碳吸收影响最显著,其次是化肥施用,在农田生态系统3种主要碳排放途径中以化肥施用带来的碳排放所占的比重最大。 相似文献
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《Soil Use and Management》2018,34(1):28-36
In recent time, phytoliths (silicon deposition between plant cells) have been recognized as an important nutrient source for crops. The work presented here aims at highlighting the potential of phytolith‐occluded K pool in ferns. Dicranopteris linearis (D. linearis ) is a common fern in the humid subtropical and tropical regions. Burning of the fern D. linearis is, in slash‐and‐burn regions, a common practice to prepare the soil before planting. We characterised the phytolith‐rich ash derived from the fern D. linearis and phytolith‐associated potassium (K) (phytK), using X‐ray tomographic microscopy in combination with kinetic batch experiments. D. linearis contains up to 3.9 g K/kg d.wt, including K subcompartmented in phytoliths. X‐ray tomographic microscopy visualized an interembedding structure between organic matter and silica, particularly in leaves. Corelease of K and Si observed in the batch experiments confirmed that the dissolution of ash phytoliths is one of major factors controlling K release. Under heat treatment, a part of the K is made available, while the remainder entrapped into phytoliths (ca. 2.0–3.3%) is unavailable until the phytoliths are dissolved. By enhanced removal of organic phases, or forming more stable silica phases, heat treatment changes dissolution properties of the phytoliths, affecting K release for crops and soils. The maximum releases of soluble K and Si were observed for the phytoliths treated at 500–800 °C. For quantitative approaches for the K provision of plants from the soil phytK pool in soils, factors regulating phytolith dissolution rate have to be considered. 相似文献
16.
农田土壤固碳与增产协同效应研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
农田土壤固碳是提升土壤肥力、保障和实现农田持续稳定生产能力的关键所在。明确农田土壤固碳与作物增产的协同效应可为不同区域土壤培肥、维持和提升作物产量提供依据。农田土壤固碳明显受到气候、土壤属性、管理措施 (尤其是施肥和耕作)、轮作制度等因素的影响，且与农田作物产量密切相关，二者具有明显的协同效应。农田土壤有机碳与作物增产协同效应存在一定的阈值，且该阈值具有一定的区域差异。东北地区土壤有机碳阈值约为C 44～46 t/hm2，西北和华北地区约为C 22～28 t/hm2，南方地区约为C 33～37 t/hm2。经验方程和模型模拟结果表明，在不同区域，农田土壤每固定C 1.0 t/(hm2·a)有机碳，粮食作物产量可平均提升约0.7 t/hm2，但该响应值在各地区明显受到相应的环境及农田管理措施等因素的影响。深入理解农田固碳过程及其与作物生产力协同作用的机理，是指导不同区域合理培肥、提高土壤肥力、提高养分资源利用效率的关键举措。未来的研究方向和重点是明确不同区域农田土壤可实现的固碳潜力，进一步揭示集约化种植下农田土壤有机碳的固存机制，关注深层土壤有机碳固定对作物增产潜力的影响及贡献，并深入分析表征环境、人为因素等对农田土壤固碳增产协同效应的影响机制及调控原理。 相似文献
17.
The role of the organic carbon occluded within phytoliths (referred to in this text as ‘PhytOC‘) in carbon sequestration in some soils is examined. The results show that PhytOC can be a substantial component of total organic carbon in soil. PhytOC is highly resistant to decomposition compared to other soil organic carbon components in the soil environments examined accounting for up to 82% of the total carbon in well-drained soils after 1000 years of organic matter decomposition. Estimated PhytOC accumulation rates were between 15 and 37% of the estimated global mean long-term (i.e. on a millenial scale) soil carbon accumulation rate of 2.4 g C m−2 yr−1 indicating that the accumulation of PhytOC within soil is an important process in the terrestrial sequestration of carbon. The rates of phytolith production and the long-term sequestration of carbon occluded in phytoliths varied according to the overlying plant community. The PhytOC yield of a sugarcane crop was 18.1 g C m−2 yr−1, an accumulation rate that is sustainable over the long-term (millenia) and yet comparable to the rates of carbon sequestration that are achievable (but only for a few decades) by land use changes such as conversion of cultivated land to forest or grassland, or a change of tillage practices from conventional to no tillage. This process offers the opportunity to use plant species that yield high amounts of PhytOC to enhance terrestrial carbon sequestration. 相似文献
18.
从农田生态系统过程角度综合分析了气候变化（[CO2]增加、温度升高）对土壤碳库、氮供给生物化学过程的综合影响和长期效应。总结指出,[CO2]增加、温度升高对农田生态系统过程的影响具有明显的时间效应,短时间尺度上加快农田土壤养分周转,改变碳氮组分,长时间尺度上导致土壤养分有效性降低;[CO2]增加、温度升高和养分管理对农田生态系统过程的影响具有显著的交互作用,土壤养分有效性制约着气候变化对农田生态系统生产力和碳汇功能的影响。因此,气候变化（[CO2]增加、温度升高）情景下对农业生产管理包括施肥运筹及秸秆还田策略等的启示在于：根据气候变化背景下土壤养分的周转规律有效管理农田土壤养分、保持农田土壤肥力,从而保障农业高产的可持续性以及农田碳汇的生态服务功能。 相似文献