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1.
Soybean is becoming an important cash crop in northern Ghana. Yet the yields are low due to use of low yielding varieties and limited use of inputs. Greenhouse and field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of two phosphorus (P) sources and Rhizobium inoculation on growth, nodulation, P uptake, and yield of three soybean genotypes on Ferric Lixisols of the Guinea savanna zone of Ghana. The P sources were triple superphosphate (TSP) and Morocco phosphate rock (MPR), while the genotypes were TGx 1448-2E, TGx 1904-6F, and TGx 1955-4F. The greenhouse experiment was conducted at the University of Ghana, Legon in a completely randomized design. The field experiment which was carried out in the Upper East region of Ghana was laid out in a split-split plot design with four replicates. In both the greenhouse and field experiments, application of TSP at 30 kg P ha?1 resulted in significantly higher growth and P uptake in shoot compared with MPR and control. Soybean genotypes showed significant differences in growth, nutrient uptake, and grain yield in both the greenhouse and the field experiments. Rhizobium inoculation increased nodule number and dry weight but did not increase grain yield. The genotype TGx 1955-4F appears to show greater potential for increasing productivity of soybean in low P soils in northern Ghana.  相似文献   

2.
Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume worldwide and nitrogen (N) is most yield limiting nutrients. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to evaluate response of 15 dry bean genotypes to nitrogen and rhizobial inoculation. The N and rhizobia treatments were (i) control (0 kg N ha?1), (ii) seed inoculation with rhizobia strains, (iii) seed inoculation with rhizobia strains + 50 kg N ha?1, and (iv) 120 kg N ha?1. Straw yield, grain yield, and yield components were significantly influenced by N and rhizobial treatments. Grain yield, straw yield, number of pods m?2, and grain harvest index were significantly influenced by year, nitrogen + rhizobium, and genotype treatments. Year × Nitrogen + rhizobium × genotype interactions were also significant for these traits. Hence, these traits varied among genotypes with the variation in year and nitrogen + rhizobium treatments. Inoculation with rhizobium alone did not produce maximum yield and fertilizer N is required in combination with inoculation. Based on grain yield efficiency index, genotypes were classified as efficient, moderately efficient, and inefficient in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). NUE defined as grain produced per unit N applied decreased with increasing N rate. Overall, NUE was 23.17 kg grain yield kg?1 N applied at 50 kg N ha?1 and 13.33 kg grain per kg N applied at 120 kg N ha?1.  相似文献   

3.
Plant–microorganism associations have long been studied, but their exploitation in agriculture partially or fully replacing chemical fertilizers is still modest. In this study, we evaluated the combined action of rhizobial and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria inoculants on the yields of soybean and common bean. Seed inoculation with rhizobia (1.2?×?106 cells seed?1) was compared to co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in-furrow (different doses) or on seeds (1.2?×?105 cells seed?1) in nine field experiments. The best in-furrow inoculant dose was 2.5?×?105 cells of A. brasilense seed?1 for both crops. Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum increased soybean yield by an average 222 kg?ha?1 (8.4 %), and co-inoculation with A. brasilense in-furrow by an average 427 kg?ha?1 (16.1 %); inoculation always improved nodulation. Seed co-inoculation with both microorganisms resulted in a mean yield increase of 420 kg?ha?1 (14.1 %) in soybean relative to the non-inoculated control. For common bean, seed inoculation with Rhizobium tropici increased yield by 98 kg?ha?1 (8.3 %), while co-inoculation with A. brasilense in-furrow resulted in the impressive increase of 285 kg?ha?1 (19.6 %). The cheaper, more sustainable inoculated treatment produced yields equivalent to the more expensive non-inoculated + N-fertilizer treatment. The results confirm the feasibility of using rhizobia and azospirilla as inoculants in a broad range of agricultural systems, replacing expensive and environmentally unfriendly N-fertilizers.  相似文献   

4.
Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of BiozymeTM on soybean. Application of Biozyme granule and crop-plus spray with half of recommended nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) showed significant effects on all the growth and yield parameters of soybean. The greatest value for the number of trifoliate leaves (29.95 leaves plant?1), leaf area (1818.21 cm2 plant?1), leaf area index (5.946), total chlorophyll content (1.995 mg g?1 leaf fresh mass), number of nodules (35.086 plants?1), fresh and dry weight of nodules (0.664 and 0.1592 g plants?1), dry weight of root (8.564 g plants?1), pods plant?1 (69.0), seeds pods?1 (3.25), straw yield (3.122 t ha?1), biological yield (6.349 t ha?1), and grain yield (3.277 t ha?1) was observed with Biozyme crop-plus spray at 500 mL ha?1 plus half of recommended NPK and were significantly greater than control values. Biozyme crop-plus spray at 500 mL ha?1 plus half of recommended NPK performed better compared to other treatments.  相似文献   

5.
The study evaluated the effects of phosphorus (0, 20, 30, and 40 kg P2O5 ha?1) and biofertilizers [Rhizobium (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae), plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Pseudomonas fluorescens), Rhizobium + PGPR, and uninoculated control] in lentil. Application of 40 kg P2O5 ha?1 resulted in the highest number of nodules, nodule dry weight, leghemoglobin content in nodules, chlorophyll content, yield attributes, and grain yield. Coinoculated treatment performed better than uninoculated control, and individual inoculations of Rhizobium and PGPR in terms of all above mentioned parameters. Application of 20 kg P2O5 ha?1 + Rhizobium inoculation gave statistically similar and 20 kg P2O5 ha?1 + Rhizobium + PGPR inoculation gave significantly higher grain yield than that by 40 kg P2O5 ha?1 alone. The use of Rhizobium alone and Rhizobium + PGPR consortium can save not only 20 kg P2O5 ha?1 but also increase the grain yield of lentil.  相似文献   

6.
A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of microbial inoculants and inorganic fertilizers for sustaining the yield of soybean. Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) gave significantly highest yield (2433 kg ha?1) over 75% RDF (2317 kg ha?1) and without RDF (2205 kg ha?1). Seeds inoculated with Rhizobium (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (2480 kg ha?1) gave significantly highest soybean yield over without inoculation (2191 kg ha?1). Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with 100% RDF (2674 kg ha?1) gave significantly highest seed yield than rest of the treatment combinations. Root nodules and their dry weight were remained un-influenced due to fertilizer levels, whereas in bio-fertilizers, it was significantly higher with Rhizobium inoculation (24.3 and 408 mg, respectively) followed by dual inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB. 100% RDF and dual inoculation with Rhizobium and PSB earned Rs. 47916/- and Rs. 51182/- net returns per ha, respectively.  相似文献   

7.
A two‐year field experiment was conducted to determine if using mixed strains of Rhizobium inoculant and starter nitrogen (N) fertilizer could improve yield and nodulation of four common bean varieties on a Vertisol at Alemaya, Ethiopia. A granular mixed inoculant of CIAT isolates 384, 274, and 632 and a starter N fertilizer at a rate of 23 kg N ha‐1 (50 kg urea ha‐1) were applied separately at planting. Inoculation with mixed strains and starter N fertilizer gave a significantly higher grain yield, nodule number, and dry matter yield for most varieties used. Both grain yield and dry matter yield showed a significant correlation (r=0.93 and r=0.87; P<0.05 for grain yield and dry matter yield, respectively, for 1991 crop season and r=0.90 and r=0.86; P<0.05 for grain yield and dry matter yield, respectively, for 1992 crop season) with nodule number. It is recommended that resource‐poor farmers adopt the practice of using a Rhizobium inoculant or starter N to improve common bean yields in the Hararghe highlands, Ethiopia.  相似文献   

8.
Lentils (Lens culinaris L.) are an important component of the dryland farming systems in the western USA. Optimum nitrogen (N) management can enhance yield and quality of lentils. We conducted a field (at two locations, one with previous history of lentil and the other one without lentil history) and a greenhouse study to evaluate response of lentil to the application of rhizobium inoculant and starter N (control, 22 kg N ha?1 in the form of urea [U], 22 kg N ha?1 in the form of slow-release or environmentally safe nitrogen [ESN], and 22 kg N ha?1 U + 22 kg N ha?1 ESN). In both, the field and the laboratory studies, lentil yield did not respond positively to the experimental treatments. Lentil average yield was 1216 and 1420 kg ha?1 at the field condition. In this rain-fed system, lentil yield was mainly limited by moisture availability, and the application of an external N did not contribute to the yield enhancement. Both of these treatments, however, increased protein content. Compared to the control, the application of rhizobium plus U and ESN enhanced protein content by about 34% (from 23.1 to 30.9%). The application of U+ESN also considerably increased postharvest residual nitrate (NO3)-N in the soil, which can be easily leached and creates environmental pollution. Briefly, the application of U+ESN increases lentil protein content, but more efforts are needed to optimize N management in lentils in order to reduce the environmental concerns in the shallow soil.  相似文献   

9.
Field experiments evaluated the effects of integrated nutrient management on symbiotic parameters, growth, nutrient accumulation, productivity and profitability of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). Application of recommended dose of nutrients (RDN, 12.5 kg N ha?1 + 40 kg P2O5 ha?1) + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha?1 + seed inoculation with biofertilizers [Rhizobium + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)] + 1.0 g ammonium molybdate kg?1 seed recorded the highest number & dry weight of nodules, leghaemoglobin content, root & shoot dry weight, plant height, number of pods plant?1 and 100-seed weight. The next best treatment was RDN + seed inoculation with biofertilizers + 1.0 g ammonium molybdate kg?1 seed. On the basis of mean of three-year data, the treatment of RDN + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha?1 + seed inoculation with biofertilizers + 1.0 g ammonium molybdate kg?1 seed proved the best in realizing the highest grain yield (34.0%), gross returns (34.0%) and net returns (54.8% higher over control). Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the grains and straw were significantly improved where RDN was applied in combination with seed inoculation, basal application of ZnSO4 and seed treatment with 1 g ammonium molybdate than their single applications.  相似文献   

10.
Though mineral N application impaired nodulation initiation and function, it improves the productivity of common bean. The effect of inorganic application on common bean productivity, however, is dependent on the availability of plant nutrients including nitrogen (N) in the soils. Therefore, multilocation field experiments were conducted at Babillae, Fedis, Haramaya, and Hirna to evaluate the effect of inherent soil fertility status on responsiveness of common bean to different rates of N fertilizer application and its effect on nodulation, yield, and yield components of common bean. The treatments were six levels of N fertilizer (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 kg N ha?1) laid out in randomized completed block design with three replications. The result revealed that 20 kg N ha?1 application significantly improved the nodule number (NN) and nodule dry weight (NDW) except Hirna site, in which reduction of NN and NDW was observed. Although the remaining investigated yield and yield components were significantly improved due to N fertilizer in all study sites, 40 kg N ha?1 application resulted in significantly increased GY of common bean at Fedis, Haramaya, and Hirna site, while 60 kg N ha?1 at Babillae site. The highest total biomass yield (7011.6 kg ha?1) and GY (2475.28 kg ha?1) of common bean were recorded at Hirna and Haramaya sites, respectively, indicating the importance of better fertile soil for good common bean production. Hence, it can be concluded that the effect of inorganic N on common bean was irrespective of soil fertility rather the total amount of N in soil would affect the need of different rate of inorganic N.  相似文献   

11.
 Field experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of three soybean cultivars with five foreign bradyrhizobia strains in different regions. The experiments at the two sites were designed with soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars as the main factor and bradyrhizobia strains (USDA 136, TAL 122, USDA 6, TAL 377 and TAL 102) as the sub-factor. The experiments were arranged in randomised complete block design with four replications. Results show that nodule number, nodule dry weight and shoot dry weight, total N and seed yield were significantly increased when soybean cultivars were inoculated with foreign bradyrhizobia in two locations in the south east of Nigeria. At 63 days after planting the percentage increase in nodule number and dry weight after inoculation of soybean cultivars with bradyrhizobia strains ranged from 71 to 486% and from 0 to 200%, respectively. The percentage increase in shoot dry matter, %N and total N after bradyrhizobia inoculation ranged between 2–130%, 18–62% and 35–191%, respectively at Awka, and at the Igbariam site the percentage increase in shoot dry weight, %N and total N ranged between 3–76%, 0–43% and 19–125%, respectively. Seed yields after bradyrhizobia inoculation of soybean cultivar TGX 1485–1D at Igbariam ranged between 1.20 and 2.18 t ha–1 against the uninoculated plants, which had seed yields of 1.05 t ha–1. The poorest yield response after inoculation with bradyrhizobia strains was observed in soybean cultivar M-351, with a seed yield ranging from 0.60 to 0.98 t ha–1. The fact that foreign bradyrhizobia strains were more effective than the indigenous strains for all the parameters studied suggests that there is a need to use bradyrhizobia inoculants for increased soybean production in Nigeria. The variations in the strain performance with the different soybean cultivars at the two sites, emphasises the need for careful Bradyrhizobium spp. strain selection. The fact that inoculation response was cultivar- and site-specific suggests that strategies for improving inoculation response in soybean cultivars should also consider the soil environment where the soybean is to be produced. Received: 25 May 1999  相似文献   

12.
ABSTRACT

Uncertainties exist about the importance of rhizobia inoculant and starter nitrogen (N) application in dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) production. Three field experiments were conducted to evaluate how rhizobia inoculant and starter N fertilizer affect pea seed yield and protein concentration in a semi-arid environment in central Montana. Commercial rhizobia inoculant was mixed with seed prior to planting at the manufacturer’s recommended rate. Starter N fertilizers were applied into the same furrow as seed at 0, 22, 44 and 88 kg ha?1 as urea, slow-release polymer-coated N fertilizer (ESN), and a combination of both. The application of rhizobia inoculant had no or a very small beneficial effect on pea yield in lands with a previous history of peas. In a land without pea history, application of rhizobia increased pea seed yield by 16%. The positive effect of starter N was only pronounced when initial soil N was low (≤ 10 kg ha?1 nitrate-nitrogen), which increased net return by up to US$ 42 ha?1. In this condition, application of slow-release N outperformed urea. However, application of starter N (especially with urea) had a negative effect on pea establishment, vigor and seed yield when soil initial N was high (≥ 44 kg ha?1 NO3-N). The results indicate that the rate, placement and form of the starter N must be optimized to benefit pea yield and protein without detrimental effects on germination and nodulation. Moreover, application of starter N must be guided by the soil nitrate content.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

Low concentrations of P and organic manure in savanna soils limit cowpea response to rhizobia. The study was conducted to determine the combined effect of P and organic manure on cowpea response to rhizobia in a factorial experiment arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications on smallholder farmers’ fields in northern Ghana in 2015. The factors were two levels of Bradyrhizobium inoculant, two levels of P fertilizer, three treatments of manure (fertisoil, cattle manure, and no manure). Addition of Bradyrhizobium inoculant to P and fertisoil significantly increased shoot biomass yield from 1677 kg ha?1 in the plots without Bradyrhizobium inoculation to 1913 kg ha?1. Likewise, the addition of Bradyrhizobium inoculant to P and cattle manure significantly increased shoot biomass from 1437 kg ha?1 to 1813 kg ha?1. Grain yield increases of 1427 and 1278 kg ha?1 were obtained over the control when either fertisoil or cattle manure and P, respectively, were added to Bradyrhizobium inoculant. The value cost ratio for adding Bradyrhizobium inoculant to phosphorus and fertisoil was two indicating that it could be attractive to risk-averse smallholder farmers. The study demonstrated the potential of the combined application of organic matter and P to improve cowpea response to Bradyrhizobium inoculation.  相似文献   

14.
The current study aimed to verify the effect of the inoculant constituted by diazotrophic bacteria applied in different ways, associated to different nitrogen (N)-fertilizer doses, on the yield and N utilization efficiency of sugarcane ratoon. The use of inoculant did not affect the N content in leaves, the chlorophyll content, tiller number, stalk diameter, or any of the other assessed technological attributes. However, the use of inoculant associated to doses of 60 and 90 kg N ha?1 promoted increase in stalk yield, dry matter, and N accumulation and efficiency of N fertilizer, and, on the other hand, the association of inoculant with 120 kg N ha?1 caused reduction of these parameters.  相似文献   

15.
The work reported here was undertaken to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak SL on some chemical components in selected grass. The experiment was a split-split-plot arrangement with three replicates. It was set up at the experimental facility of the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities (Poland), in late April 2009. The following factors were examined: Kelpak SL applied at the rate of 2 dm3 ha?1 vs. non-treated control (0 dm3 ha?1), pure sown grass species and cultivars grown in monoculture: Dactylis glomerata L., cv. Amila and Tukan as well as Festulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus cv. Felopa and Agula. The results demonstrated that grass yield and nitrogen content in dry matter increased significantly following an application of Kelpak. The biostimulant significantly reduced fiber NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) and ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) regardless of the remaining factors. Festulolium braunii cv. Agula had the highest nutritional value. Grass yields and concentration of the components examined clearly varied during the growing season.  相似文献   

16.
Increased population pressure coupled with unsustainable cropland management has resulted in soil degradation and a decline in crop productivity in China. This study tested the hypothesis that the soil with combined addition of composted green waste (CGW) and carbonized rice hulls (CRHs) as amendments will improve soil properties and increase peanut production. Some selected parameters of soil and peanut plant were measured, which were best if the soil was amended with 35 t ha?1 CGW and 10 t ha?1 CRH and were worst in the nonamended soil. Relative to the soil without amendment addition, amendment of the soil with 35 t ha?1 CGW and 10 t ha?1 CRH increased seed yield, total pod yield, root nodule number, and nodule dry weight by 50.0, 52.4, 55.4, and 57.9%, respectively, and increased total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and total chlorophyll content of plants by 53.2, 54.4, 53.7, and 56.8%, respectively.  相似文献   

17.
Most tropical soils have high acidity and low natural fertility. The appropriate application of lime and cattle manure corrects acidity, improves physical and biological properties, increases soil fertility, and reduces the use of chemical and/or synthetic fertilizers by crops, such as soybean, the main agricultural export product of Brazil. This study aimed to assess the effects of the combination of the application of dolomite limestone (0, 5, and 10 Mg ha?1) and cattle manure (0, 40, and 80 Mg ha?1) on grain yield and the chemical properties of an Oxisol (Red Latosol) cultivated with soybean for two consecutive years. The maximum grain yield was obtained with the application of 10 Mg ha?1 of lime and 80 Mg ha?1 of cattle manure. Liming significantly increased pH index, the concentrations of calcium (Ca2+) and exchangeable magnesium (Mg2+), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil and reduced potential acidity (H+ + Al3+), while the application of cattle manure increased pH level; the concentrations of potassium (K+), Ca2+, and exchangeable Mg2+; and CEC of the soil. During the 2 years of assessment, the greatest grain yields were obtained with saturation of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in CEC at the 4.4, 40.4, and 17.5 levels, respectively. The results indicated that the ratios of soil exchangeable Ca/Mg, Ca/K, K/Mg, and K/(Ca+Mg) can be modified to increase the yield of soybean grains.  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

While pulses are staple food-legumes in Ethiopia, their productivity is low due to low soil fertility. Elite rhizobial strains that significantly increased shoot dry weight and nitrogen (N) contents of common beans and soybeans in greenhouse were selected for two-year field trials to evaluate their effect on yields of the pulses in the field. Each pulse had six treatments, namely four rhizobial inoculants, uninoculated control, and synthetic N fertilizer. In the drought-affected year 2015, inoculated pulses tolerated moisture stress better than non-inoculated controls. Inoculation was conducive to higher or equivalent yields compared to synthetic N fertilizer. At Halaba, bean inoculated with strain HAMBI3562 gave the highest grain yield (1500 ± 81 kg ha?1; mean±SE) while the control yielded only 653 ± 22 kg ha?1. At Boricha, HAMBI3570 gave a grain yield (640 ± 35 kg ha?1) comparable to synthetic N. When rainfall was optimal in 2016, inoculation with HAMBI3562 and HAMBI3570 gave grain yields (around 4300 kg ha?1) equivalent to synthetic N. With soybean, strain HAMBI3513 produced consistently higher or comparable biomass and grain yields compared to synthetic N. In conclusion, HAMBI3562 and HAMBI3570 for beans and HAMBI3513 for soybeans can serve as inoculants for areas having similar conditions as the test areas.  相似文献   

19.
In the present work, the efficiency of different nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha?1) on growth, yield, and quality of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) was investigated in 2011–2013. The study was conducted in Antalya located in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Terra rossa type soil (LVx, FAO) characteristics of the experimental field were clay loam, with high amounts of lime (33,9%) and slightly alkaline (pH 7.7). The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with four replications. All the results were summarized as mean of three years. The highest fresh and dry biomass yields (26.75 t ha?1 and 7.5 ha?1, respectively) were obtained from 150 kg ha?1 N dose and followed by 100 kg ha?1 N dose (26.29 t ha?1 and 7.24 ha?1, respectively). Whereas the highest fresh and dry leaf yields (13.27 t ha?1 and 3.82 t ha?1, respectively) were realized in 100 kg ha?1 N dose. Actually, all nitrogen doses gave higher biomass and leaf yields compared to the control. On the hand, major steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A) in the leaf were not influenced by nitrogen levels. In conclusion, 100 kg ha?1 N dose was found to be suitable for cultivation of stevia under field conditions.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

The study aimed to evaluate, in a marginal semi-arid Mediterranean agro-ecosystem (Sicily-Italy), the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and raw olive mill wastewater (OMW) (40 and 80 m3 ha?1) on forage (durum wheat-snail medick intercropping) yield, and grain production of broad bean and chickpea. AMF inoculation significantly increased (+13.6%) forage dry biomass and durum wheat nitrogen (+22.8%) and phosphorus (+32.5%) uptake. AMF inoculation, significantly promoted broad bean phosphorus uptake (+11.5%) and root nodule number (+13.9%) in the absence of OMW. OMW spreading reduced weeds in the forage (?31.3%), root nodule number (?29.7%) and dry weight (?22.7%) in broad bean. OMW also significantly increased snail medick dry biomass (+19.3%) as compared to control treatments (0, 40 and 80 m3 H2O ha?1, average production 361 g m?2), and broad bean grain yield with a production of 2.46 ± 0.12 and 1.94 ± 0.09 Mg ha?1 with and without OMW, respectively. During the experiment AMF colonization was not affected by OMW volumes. The results obtained showed that in a marginal Mediterranean agro-ecosystem: 1) OMW, notwithstanding spreading volumes, is a valuable amendment to maximize legume yield while 2) AMF inoculation is a valuable practice to improve biomass production and N and P uptake in wheat.  相似文献   

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