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1.
为探明臭氧对主要储粮害虫的熏蒸效果及其与磷化氢抗性的关系,本研究采用臭氧发生装置测定浓度为0.84 g/m^3臭氧对5种主要储粮害虫(赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗、玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗、谷蠹)的熏蒸效果,及对具有不同磷化氢抗性的赤拟谷盗(抗性系数为1.7~862.7)和杂拟谷盗(抗性系数为2.3~144.7)的毒力效果,并统计分析了试虫经臭氧熏蒸1 h后在不同时间内的行为状态差异。研究结果表明:在0.84 g/m^3臭氧浓度下,5种害虫对臭氧均具有较强敏感性,其LT50在0.58~1.53 h,其中谷蠹对臭氧的耐受性相对最强;赤拟谷盗和杂拟谷盗的不同磷化氢抗性品系对臭氧的敏感性差异较小,表明磷化氢与臭氧无交互抗性。经臭氧熏蒸1 h后,试虫有正常爬行、非正常爬行和死亡3种行为状态,其中较大比例的试虫(24%~66%)处于非正常爬行状态,且持续时间较长,约10 d后此部分试虫恢复正常或死亡。结果表明,臭氧对储粮害虫具有高效性和广谱性,且与磷化氢无交互抗性,可作为储粮害虫防治及磷化氢抗性治理药剂。 相似文献
2.
甲酸乙酯对不同磷化氢抗性水平赤拟谷盗的毒力比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
参考FAO推荐的熏蒸剂毒力测定方法,测定了甲酸乙酯对4种不同磷化氢抗性水平的赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum(Herbst))品系的毒力.主要结果为甲酸乙酯对4个磷化氢抗性系数分别为1、3、170和247倍的赤拟谷盗品系的LD50值相应地为17.354L/m3、18.776L/m3、20.464L/m3和21.470 mL/m3.结果表明,不同磷化氢抗性的赤拟谷盗品系对甲酸乙酯的敏感相似,对磷化氢具有明显抗性的赤拟谷盗对甲酸乙酯未表现出抗性. 相似文献
3.
蛇床子素乳油是由武汉绿世纪生物工程有限责任公司研制,天惠生物工程有限公司开发的一种植物性杀虫剂,在农业害虫、蔬菜害虫和储粮害虫的防治上其效果显著,为扩大其应用范围,开发新的粉剂剂型,故研究了蛇床子素粉剂对储粮害虫玉米象、谷蠹及后期性害虫赤拟谷盗的防治效果。现将试验结果报告如下:1材料和方法1·1供试药剂4%蛇床子素粉剂(由2%蛇床子素乳油配制而成),武汉天惠生物工程有限公司提供。1·2供试害虫玉米象(Sitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky);谷蠹(Rhizopertha dom inicaFabricius);赤拟谷盗(Tribo-lium ferrugineumFabricius)。… 相似文献
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5.
谷虫净防治储粮害虫效果好谷虫净是以中草药为主的储粮害虫防治剂，经省级食品卫生监督检验机构检测，属实际无毒级，对人畜安全可靠。１９９３年我地进行不同药剂防治仓虫（玉米象、赤拟谷盗、麦蛾）效果试验。设谷虫净粉剂以０．５公斤分别防治４００、５００、６００公... 相似文献
6.
贮粮害虫的危害与简易除虫法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、贮粮害虫的危害贮粮是人们日常最需要的食品 ,种子是农业生产的物质基础 ,又是农作物增产的内因。目前国内已发现贮粮害虫有１１０余种 ,其中发生普遍、危害严重的有麦蛾、谷蠹、米象、玉米象、大谷盗、锯谷盗、长角扁谷盗和赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗、一点谷螟等。麦蛾、谷蠹、米象、玉米象和大谷盗等以蛀食柚、米、麦类、玉米、高粱和豆类为主 ,食害整粒原粮 ;锯谷盗、长角扁谷盗则以上述害虫吃剩的碎粮粉屑为生 ;而赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗、一点谷螟等既危害粉粮 ,又危害整粒原粮。这些害虫 ,一般繁殖能力强 ,发育迅速。如麦蛾１年发生６代 ,米… 相似文献
7.
本研究拟利用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析方法对赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)和杂拟谷盗Tribolium confusum(Jac du Val)进行分子鉴定,以期为仓储害虫管理和口岸检疫提供技术帮助和支持。采用通用引物对赤拟谷盗和杂拟谷盗的28S rRNA基因进行了PCR扩增、序列测定和分析,结果发现:扩增片段长约1070 bp,该序列种内均无变异位点、种间有76个变异位点,即种内没有核苷酸替换发生、种间核苷酸替换发生76次,其中转换56次,颠换20次,转换/颠换的比值为2.80。用限制性内切酶PvuI对赤拟谷盗和杂拟谷盗的28S rRNA基因扩增产物进行酶切,电泳检测显示,赤拟谷盗和杂拟谷盗的28S rRNA基因扩增产物的PvuI酶切图谱(分别产生2个和3个酶切条带)明显不同,因此本研究建立的28S rRNA基因PCR-RFLP方法可用于赤拟谷盗与杂拟谷盗的分子鉴定。 相似文献
8.
甲酸乙酯对三种主要仓储害虫的熏蒸作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确甲酸乙酯对仓储害虫的实际控制效果,避免二氧化碳对熏蒸作用的影响,该研究利用循环熏蒸系统(FTFS),测定甲酸乙酯对米象、赤拟谷盗、谷蠹三种主要仓储害虫混合虫态的熏蒸作用.结果表明:在25℃、70%RH条件下,甲酸乙酯43.34、80.72、99.08、117.74、146.49mg/L 熏蒸处理6 h,对赤拟谷盗和谷蠹混合虫态有很好的控制作用,死亡率大于95.96%;甲酸乙酯80.72、99.08、117.74、146.49mg/L处理对米象混合虫态的杀虫效果较好.甲酸乙酯对米象蛹的杀虫效果较差. 相似文献
9.
甘菊挥发油化学组成及其对烟草甲与赤拟谷盗的杀虫活性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验研究了甘菊挥发油的化学组成及其对烟草甲和赤拟谷盗两种常见仓储害虫成虫的熏蒸、触杀和驱避作用。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,GC/MS法分析挥发油的成分及其相对含量。结果表明,从甘菊挥发油中鉴定出了31种化合物,主要组分为樟脑(29.99%)、桉叶油醇(16.87%)、β-水芹烯(4.63%)、顺马鞭草烯醇(4.41%)和顺-β-松油醇(4.04%);生物活性测试结果显示,甘菊挥发油对烟草甲和赤拟谷盗具有一定的触杀活性(LD_(50)分别为24.09μg/头和49.95μg/头)和熏蒸活性(LC_(50)分别为28.67 mg/L和14.40 mg/L)。同时,甘菊挥发油对赤拟谷盗表现出显著的驱避活性,对烟草甲驱避效果不明显。本试验首次研究了我国菊科菊属植物甘菊的挥发油的化学组成和杀虫活性,结果提示该挥发油对烟草甲和赤拟谷盗具有一定杀虫、驱避活性和防治潜力。 相似文献
10.
八角茴香精油的杀虫活性与化学成分研究 总被引：31，自引：1，他引：31
本文报道了八角茴香(Illicium verum Hook.f.)精油的杀虫活性及其化学成分。使用剂量为50mg/L的精油进行熏蒸,赤拟谷盗[Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)]成虫24小时内平均校正死亡率高达100％;剂量为10mg/L的处理死亡率仍达80.6％。但在有储粮的条件下熏杀效果较差。使用剂量为0.1％(w/w)的精油处理小麦或全麦粉,可完全抑制赤拟谷盗、谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica Fabricius)和黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor Linne)的种群繁殖。黄粉虫的中期卵对八角茴香精油最敏感。使用800μg/cm~2的剂量处理,对赤拟谷盗的忌避率最高,处理后第8周仍达55.6％,采用GC—MS法分析了八角茴香精油的化学成分,检出了35个成分,鉴定了其中32个成分的化学结构,结合生物活性测定,明确此精油的主要杀虫成分为反式一大茴香脑。 相似文献
11.
采用室内生测法研究了雷公藤总生物碱对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的种群抑制作用。结果表明,雷公藤总生物碱能显著抑制两种贮粮害虫种群的增长。雷公藤总生物碱浓度大于500mg/kg,33d时玉米象成虫死亡率高于90.83%,67d时混药饲喂的下一代（F1代）,其种群抑制率在96.70%以上;其中500mg/kg处理组存活成虫在未混药饲喂条件下,其F1代种群抑制率达80.10%。雷公藤总生物碱浓度在100-1000mg/kg范围内,对赤拟谷盗成虫无明显的致死效应,但可显著抑制其种群的增殖。当处理浓度为250mg/kg时,对赤拟谷盗的种群抑制率为54.94%;处理浓度升至500mg/kg时,种群抑制率高达98.02%。 相似文献
12.
The biological activity of camphor, a major component of essential oil of the basil shrub, Ocimum kilimandscharicum, against the beetles, Sitophilus granarius, S. zeamais, Tribolium castaneum and Prostephanus truncatus, was investigated in the laboratory using contact toxicity, grain treatment and repellency assays. Camphor applied either topically, impregnated on filter papers or whole wheat and maize grains was highly toxic to all the four species. Beetle mortality was dosage-dependent with the highest doses of 100 mg/ filter paper and 100 mug/insect evoking over 93% and 100% mortalities, respectively, in S. granarius, S. zeamais and P. truncatus after 24 h exposure. Similar doses induced 70% and 100% mortality in T. castaneum. Camphor impregnated on the grain surface was more effective than on filter paper. There was, however, highly significant reduction in toxicity in grain after only 24 h following treatment. Development of eggs and immature stages within grain kernels, as well as progeny emergence, was completely inhibited in camphor-treated grain. Camphor was also highly repellent to the beetles with overall repellency in the range of 80 - 100%. The potential use of suitable products derived from O. kilimandscharicum as supplementary or alternative grain protectants against insect damage in traditional grain storage in developing countries is discussed. 相似文献
13.
Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Resistance to fumigants has been frequently reported in insect pests of stored products and is one of the obstacles in controlling these pests. The authors studied phosphine resistance and its physiological basis in adult insects of 12 populations of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae), ten populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Bostrichidae) and eight populations of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Silvanidae) from Brazil, and the possible existence of fitness costs associated with phosphine resistance in the absence of this fumigant. The bioassays for the detection of phosphine resistance followed the FAO standard method. The production of carbon dioxide and the instantaneous rate of population increase (r(i)) of each population of each species were correlated with their resistance ratios at the LC(50). The resistance ratio at LC(50) in T. castaneum ranged from 1.0- to 186.2-fold, in R. dominica from 2.0- to 71.0-fold and in O. surinamensis from 1.9- to 32.2-fold. Ten populations of T. castaneum, nine populations of R. dominica and seven populations of O. surinamensis were resistant to phosphine. In all three species there was significant association (P < 0.05) between respiration rate and phosphine resistance. The populations with lower carbon dioxide production showed a higher resistance ratio, suggesting that the lower respiration rate is the physiological basis of phosphine resistance by reducing the fumigant uptake in the resistant insects. Conversely, populations with higher r(i) showed lower resistance ratios, which could indicate a lower rate of reproduction of the resistant populations compared with susceptible populations. Thus, management strategies based on the interruption of phosphine fumigation may result in reestablishment of susceptibility, and shows good potential for more effective management of phosphine-resistant populations. 相似文献
14.
Bioassays were conducted in stored grains to evaluate the combined use of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, diatomaceous earth (DE) and fenitrothion against adults of Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum. The insecticide agents were applied to wheat as follows: the fungus at 1 × 108 conidia/kg of wheat, DE at 3 g/kg of wheat and fenitrothion at a rate of 0.15 ml/kg of wheat (25% of field dose rate). Surviving insects and progeny production were monitored at thirty-day intervals until four months. For both insect species, significantly less progeny was produced on wheat treated with fenitrothion and DE + B. bassiana formulations in comparison with controls. The effect of insecticides on the grain damage, germination power of wheat and bulk density was also evaluated. After four months, B. bassiana mixed with DE reduced the damaged insect grains by 50% in comparison with both fenitrothion and control treatments. Trials using DE caused a reduction in bulk density while there were no significant differences for germination testing between treatments. 相似文献
15.
从三级营养关系出发,研究了不同粮食（小麦和玉米）和寄主（米象和玉米象）对雅脊金小蜂发育和寄生的影响。结果表明：4个三级营养系统中雅脊金小蜂实验种群在4种虫源寄主中均能正常发育,其卵-成虫的发育历期在4种虫源寄主中由短至长依序为：玉米粒-玉米象〈小麦粒-玉米象〈小麦粒-米象〈玉米粒-米象;4种蜂源中雅脊金小蜂对小麦中的米象或玉米象的寄生率、刺死率和总致死率均显著高于对玉米中的米象或玉米象。因此用雅脊金小蜂控制小麦中的米象或玉米象,其效果较之玉米中的米象或玉米象的效果更好。 相似文献
16.
Ethyl formate is being evaluated as a fumigant for stored grain as it is a potential alternative to the ozone-depleting fumigant methyl bromide and to phosphine, which is under pressure owing to the development of strong resistance in stored grain insects. However, use of ethyl formate faces significant challenges, such as poor penetration through grain, significant losses to grain sorption, high concentrations of fumigant required to control insects, and flammability risks, which have limited its further development. In this study it was found that the combination of carbon dioxide (5-20%) with ethyl formate significantly enhanced efficacy of the fumigant against external living stages of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F., and the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Dynamic application of ethyl formate and carbon dioxide mixture (100 mg litre-1 ethyl formate, 20% CO2) pumped through a model silo containing wheat (50 kg) for one gas exchange was also investigated. A flow rate of 6 litres min-1 gave a relatively even distribution of fumigant throughout the grain column and similar mortality levels among cultures of S. oryzae and T. castaneum placed at three positions, the top, middle and bottom of the column. Mortality of 99.8% of mixed stage cultures of T. castaneum and 95.1% of S. oryzae was achieved in 3 h exposures to 111 and 185 mg ethyl formate h litre-1 respectively applied by the dynamic method. It is concluded that the combination of carbon dioxide with ethyl formate and dynamic application enhances distribution and efficacy of the fumigant against stored grain insects. 相似文献
17.
Vayias BJ Athanassiou CG Kavallieratos NG Tsesmeli CD Th Buchelos C 《Pest management science》2006,62(5):456-464
Laboratory tests were conducted to assess the insecticidal and residual effects of three diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations, Insecto, PyriSec and SilicoSec, against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val on wheat and maize. Quantities of wheat and maize were treated with the above formulations at 500, 1000 and 1500 mg kg(-1) and stored at 25 degrees C and 55% relative humidity (RH). Samples were taken on the day of storage and every 30 days until completion of a 360 day period of storage. Adults of T. confusum were exposed to these samples at 25 degrees C and 55% RH and the mortality was measured after 24 and 48 h and 7 and 14 days of exposure. Adult mortality was higher on wheat than on maize. At the beginning of the storage period, mortalities after 14 day exposure on maize treated with the highest rate were 60, 63 and 81% for Insecto, PyriSec and SilicoSec respectively, while on wheat the mortality was 100% for all DEs. On the same commodities 360 days after treatment the respective mortality figures for wheat were 99, 98 and 100%, while in the case of maize they did not exceed 7%. Generally, mortality at exposures < or =48 h decreased with increasing storage time. Furthermore, although mortality on wheat increased with dose, the increase in DE dose from 1000 to 1500 mg kg(-1) resulted in only a small increase in mortality. Thus a DE treatment of 1000 mg kg(-1) was shown to provide long-term protection of wheat against T. confusum, although higher DE application rates and exposure intervals are needed for a satisfactory level of protection of maize against this pest. 相似文献
18.
Hard red winter wheat was treated with pirimiphos-methyl at 4, 6 and 8 mg kg(-1), synergized pyrethrins at 0.38, 0.75, 1.13 and 1.5 mg kg(-1), and combinations of the two insecticides, to conduct laboratory bioassays against four beetle pests of stored grain, red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F), and rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L), and one moth pest, Indianmeal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). Beetle adults and P interpunctella larvae survived well on control wheat, producing a large number of progeny (65-1037 insects per container). Kernel damage in control wheat among the insect species ranged from 9 to 99%. On pirimiphos-methyl-treated wheat, mortality of R dominica adults was > or =72%, but that of the other beetle species and P interpunctella larvae was 100%. Progeny were not produced on pirimiphos-methyl-treated wheat, and the kernel damage was negligible (< or =1%). Synergized pyrethrins were ineffective against the five insect pests. Pirimiphos-methyl combined with synergized pyrethrins was not superior to pirimiphos-methyl alone against the five insect pests. Pirimiphos-methyl is not registered in the USA for use on wheat, but our results suggest that it could be a viable grain protectant at rates of 4-8 mg kg(-1). 相似文献
19.
Kavallieratos NG Athanassiou CG Pashalidou FG Andris NS Tomanović Z 《Pest management science》2005,61(7):660-666
Laboratory bioassays were carried out in order to evaluate the effectiveness of two diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations, Insecto and SilicoSec, against adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F) in eight different grain commodities. The adherence of the two DEs to each grain was also measured. The eight grains tested were wheat, whole barley, peeled barley, oats, rye, triticale, rice and maize. These commodities were treated with the DEs at three rates, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 g DE kg(-1) grain. The mortality of R dominica adults was measured after 24 h, 48 h, 7 days and 14 days of exposure in the treated grains at 26 degrees C and 55% RH. After the 14-day mortality count, all adults were removed and the treated grains retained under the same conditions for a further 60 days. The treated grains were subsequently examined for F1 progeny. Significant differences were recorded among the eight grain types as well as between the DE formulations tested. After 14 days of exposure, even at the lowest DE rate for both formulations, adult mortality was high (>90%) in wheat and triticale. In contrast, adult mortality was significantly lower in peeled barley. Increasing the rate improved the efficacy of the DEs significantly in only some of the grains tested. Reproductive capacity in all the treated grains was significantly suppressed when compared with untreated grains. Generally, more F1 individuals of R dominica were noted in the treated peeled barley than in the other commodities. Significant differences in the percentage of DE retention were noted among the eight grains. The highest retention level was noted in rice (>87%) and the lowest in maize (<6%). However, the degree of DE adherence to a given grain was not always indicative of the effectiveness of DE against R dominica. 相似文献