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1.
基于SWAT模型的长江源土地利用/土地覆被情景变化对径流影响研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
土地利用/土地覆被变化对流域水资源循环过程及配置影响显著。为了研究土地利用/土地覆被情景变化对径流影响情况,以长江源流域为例,构建了适合该流域的分布式水文模型(SWAT),并模拟了不同土地利用/土地覆被情景下的流域年均径流量和径流深。模拟结果如下:当流域林地和草地面积增加到最大,径流量减少了16.7%,达到304.12m3/s,径流深减少14.02mm;当林地和草地面积减少,并逐步变为沙地、裸地,流域径流量增加16.1%,达到424.32m3/s,径流深也增加了13.49mm;当林地和草地面积减少到无植被覆盖,将使流域径流量增加28.4%,达到469.67m3/s,径流深增加23.88mm;在草地覆被最佳状况下,径流量有所增加,但增加幅度不大,只有5.6%,达到385.98m3/s,径流深增加4.72mm。综上所述,长江源流域林地和草地面积增加,导致径流减少,而沙地和裸地面积增加导致径流量增加。 相似文献
2.
基于SWAT模型的张家口清水河流域土地利用情景变化对径流影响研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
土地利用是区域气候和环境变化的重要影响因素。以3S技术为依托,分析25年来张家口清水河流域土地利用类型变化特征,建立了流域SWAT模型并评价了其在张家口清水河流域的适用性,通过设置5种土地利用变化情景,定量分析了张家口清水河流域主要土地利用类型对流域径流的影响。结果表明:SWAT模型在张家口清水河流域具有很好的适用性。1990—2015年,张家口清水河流域的土地利用类型以林地、草地和耕地为主,3种土地利用类型面积总和均占流域总面积的96%以上。其中林地对径流量的影响系数为1.908 m~3/(km~2·h),草地对径流量的影响系数为1.836 m~3/(km~2·h),说明林地和草地都具有截留径流的作用,且林地的作用大于草地;耕地对径流量的影响系数为3.168 m~3/(km~2·h),说明耕地对径流起增加作用。因此,合理开发耕地资源,保护林草资源有利于促进张家口清水河流域生态环境质量的改善。 相似文献
3.
为定量分析土地利用类型变化对径流的影响,基于SWAT模型,通过分析丹江流域近20年来的土地利用变化,并设置3种不同土地利用情景模式,探究了土地利用类型对流域径流的影响作用。结果表明:SWAT模型率定期和验证期的决定性系数R2和纳什效率系数NS分别为0.8,0.73和0.86,0.78,适用于丹江流域径流模拟。2000—2020年,丹江流域土地利用变化引起的径流变化为-0.18%; 情景1中,把林地、草地全变为耕地的情况下,模拟的年均径流变化率为61.65%,情景2中,把耕地和草地全转换为林地的情况下,模拟的年均径流变化率为-12.69%,情景3中,把耕地和林地全转换为草地的情况下,模拟的年均径流变化率为24.24%。耕地对径流深度的影响系数为0.26 mm/hm2,林地对径流深度的影响系数为-13.35 mm/hm2,草地对径流深的影响系数为-0.01 mm/hm2。由此得出,耕地对产流起促进作用,草地和林地对产流起抑制作用。为维护丹江流域生态环境,增强丹江流域径流供给,应科学开发耕地资源。 相似文献
4.
[目的] 模拟未来土地利用和气候影响下的流域水沙变化有利于制定适合的流域管理计划。[方法] 基于土地利用和气象数据,结合CMIP6气候模式数据、PLUS模型和SWAT模型,定量模拟2030年土地利用及不同气候情景下径流和泥沙的时空变化。[结果] (1) SWAT模型在闽江流域月尺度模拟精度较好,其中径流模拟的R2范围为0.80~0.95,NSE范围为0.75~0.91;泥沙模拟的R2范围为0.75~0.98,NSE范围为0.64~0.94。(2)利用2020年土地利用数据对PLUS模型进行精度评估的Kappa系数为0.77,模拟2030年闽江流域建设用地和耕地将分别增加325.64,1 157.51 km2。(3) SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5情景下,2025—2035年平均降水量分别增加0.15%和2.18%,年平均气温分别增加0.23,0.62℃。(4)低碳情景和高碳情景下,仅土地利用变化导致年平均径流量相较于基准期分别增加0.08%和0.07%,年平均输沙量分别增加0.24%和减少0.05%;仅气候变化导致年平均径流量相较基准期分别减少4.76%和4.11%,年平均输沙量分别增加18.12%和0.13%;土地利用和气候综合影响导致年平均径流量相较于基准期分别减少4.57%和3.93%,年平均输沙量分别增加18.28%和0.33%。(5)未来气候和土地利用综合变化情景下,地表径流和产沙量较高且增幅较大的区域集中在以南平邵武市为中心的流域西北部和以三明将乐县为中心的流域西南部。[结论] 研究结果为未来闽江流域的合理开发建设提供一定参考依据。 相似文献
5.
[目的]探究径流对土地利用与土地覆被变化(LUCC)和气候变化的响应，为华南地区流溪河水库流域未来水资源的合理利用开发及社会经济可持续发展提供依据。[方法]通过构建分布式生态水文模型CHESS和设置情景模式，定量分析了土地利用和气候变化对径流的影响，同时结合CA-Markov模型，对流域未来径流变化进行了预测。[结果]CHESS模型在流溪河水库流域径流模拟中有很好的适用性，率定期的纳什系数(NS)为0.82,R2为0.91,验证期的NS为0.74,R2为0.86;土地利用变化方面，耕地转化为林地或草地会导致年均径流量减少，林地或草地转化为耕地会导致年均径流量的增大，耕地、林地、草地对径流形成的贡献能力为耕地>草地>林地；气候变化方面，年均径流量与降水量成正比，与温度成反比；2000—2020年，流域年均径流量逐渐增大，气候变化促进了径流的形成，土地利用变化抑制了径流的形成，且气候变化的影响占主要地位；未来预估情景下，2030年、2050年流域内建筑用地面积会增大，林地、草地面积会减小，耕地、水体面积变化不大，且在2040—2050... 相似文献
6.
[目的] 研究渭河中上游流域不同土地利用情景下径流的响应规律,为渭河中上游流域的发展规划及水资源管理提供科学支撑。[方法] 基于1980—2020年土地利用数据,分析流域40 a的土地利用变化特征,并结合SWAT模型,设置5种历史土地利用情景、两种综合土地利用情景和3种极端土地利用情景,探究径流在不同土地利用情境下的响应。[结果] ①流域40 a间耕地、水域及未利用土地面积逐渐减小,林地、草地和居民用地面积逐渐增加。②1980—2020年共5个时期模拟年均径流深分别为72.24,72.27,72.31,71.86,72.25 mm,退耕还林、退耕还草、耕地型、林地型及草地型模拟年均径流深分别为68.59,69.70,72.60,64.81,66.82 mm。[结论] 40 a间土地利用类型的变化对渭河中上游流域径流的影响小于10%;退耕还林、退耕还草对径流主要起抑制作用。在3个极端土地利用情境下径流大小为：耕地型＞草地型＞林地型,且耕地型与林地型、草地型情境下的差异明显。 相似文献
7.
[目的]土地利用的变化对流域水文过程产生了重要的影响,研究土地利用变化下的水文响应已成为水文学科研究的一个热点。[方法]以修河中上游流域作为主要研究区域,分析了35年来修河中上游流域各种土地利用类型的变化特征,并利用1987—2000年水文气象数据资料,构建了SWAT模型,通过设置1980年、1990年、2005年和2015年4种土地利用情景,定量分析了修河中上游流域土地利用变化对径流的影响。[结果]SWAT模型在研究区具有较好的适用性。1980—2015年,修河中上游流域主要用地类型为林地、耕地和草地,三者面积之和占流域的98%。其中高利用城市用地和耕地对径流的影响系数是正值,说明高利用城市用地和耕地对径流起促进作用;林地、草地对径流的影响系数均表现为负值,说明林地和草地对径流有抑制作用,且草地的抑制作用更加显著。此外,林地和草地在丰水季会减少径流,在枯水季却会增加径流,有类似海绵的作用。[结论]模拟研究土地利用变化对修河中上游流域径流的影响在合理规划水土资源、改善生态环境方面具有十分重要的现实意义。 相似文献
8.
渭河流域径流对土地利用变化的时空响应 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
为定量分析渭河流域土地利用变化对径流的时空影响,该文基于渭河流域1985年,1995年和2005年3期土地利用数据,分析了流域近20 a的土地利用变化特征,结合SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)水文模型,设置5种土地利用变化情景,研究了流域土地利用变化与年、季径流的响应关系。结果表明,SWAT模型在渭河流域有较好的适用性;耕地、林地和草地为流域主要土地利用类型,面积变化小于10%,但它们在空间上的位置发生了较大转移;流域近20 a土地利用变化对径流影响小于15%;极端土地利用情景下,产流量总体趋势为耕地草地林地。退耕还林对年、季径流的影响程度均为干流大于支流,退耕还草对年径流(干流中游、下游、泾河)和季径流(冬季)的影响程度较大。该研究成果对于流域土地利用格局的合理规划及极端水文事件的控制具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
基于SWAT模型的湘江流域土地利用变化情景的径流模拟研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
土地利用变化对径流产生重要影响, 显著影响到流域生态的可持续发展。本文应用流域分布式水文模型SWAT, 对湘江流域内5个水文站点(湘潭、株洲、衡山、衡阳、归阳)的月径流进行了模拟。选取1998~2002年作为模型校准期, 以Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数(NSI)和决定系数(R2)为评价指标, 率定出7个模型敏感参数, 并用2003~2007年的月径流进行模型验证。研究表明, 除归阳站点外, 其余4个站点月径流模拟的R2和NSI都高于0.82, 有的甚至达到0.92, 说明模拟效果较好。在此基础上, 以《湖南省土地利用总体规划(2006-2020)》为依据, 设置了3种土地利用情景模式, 以研究不同土地利用方式对径流的影响程度。结果显示, 土地利用变化对水文过程影响比较显著, 情景1中, 随着165.40 km2的耕地转为林地以及793.91 km2的耕地转为草地, 径流深模拟输出减小1.28 mm; 情景2中, 随着8 173.96 km2的林地转为耕地以及337.56 km2的耕地转为建设用地, 径流深模拟输出增加15.61 mm; 情景3中, 随着500.02 km2的未利用地转为耕地, 径流深模拟输出增加1.16 mm。因此, 增加林地和草地面积将减少径流, 而耕地和建设用地的增加导致径流的增加。在对湘江流域进行土地利用规划时需要综合考虑水文效应和经济效益, 充分认识人类活动对水资源的影响。 相似文献
10.
基于SWAT模型和SUFI-2算法的石羊河流域月径流分布式模拟 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
[目的]揭示石羊河流域径流量对土地利用变化的响应机制,为旱区水资源的合理配置和优化利用提供理论依据。[方法]利用石羊河流域DEM、气象、土壤、1995与2000年2期土地利用等数据,结合RS和GIS技术,构建SWAT分布式水文模型。基于SWAT模型及SUFI-2算法,对石羊河流域1980—2009年的月径流过程进行模拟。[结果]流域内1995与2000年土地利用均以耕地、林地、城乡工矿居民用地面积显著增加,草地、水域、未利用地减少为主;影响SWAT模型模拟效果前3位的参数分别是CN2,Alpha_Bf,Timp;校正期和验证期月流量的模拟值和实测值拟合较好,其Nash Suttcliffe系数Ens和相关系数R2均大于0.8,相对误差|Re|均小于10%。[结论]采用SUFI-2算法的SWAT模型在石羊河流域月径流模拟中具有一定程度的适宜性。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
18.
Dhritiman Ghosh Velusamy Srinivasan Olli H. Tuovinen Aaron Peacock Mark Radosevich 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1331-1334
We examined the community composition of microbes that colonized atrazine-containing beads buried in agricultural soils that differed in atrazine treatment history. Bacterial abundance was 5-40-fold greater in atrazine-fortified beads. In beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg−1 buried in soil with a history of atrazine application (conditioned soil), the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80-fold whereas in control soil, Actinobacteria were enriched only 10-fold and the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased by 60- and 25-fold, respectively. The gamma-Proteobacteria were enriched by 120- and 230-fold in beads containing 200 mg atrazine kg−1 in conditioned and control soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that BioSep® beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation. 相似文献
19.
Pilar García Juan-Vicente Monte Carlos Casanova Consuelo Soler 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(1):103-109
Arbitrary oligonucleotides were used as primers to amplifygenomic DNA of 48 wild Spanish populations of Agropyroncristatum, Elymus hispanicus,E. caninus,E. repens,Thinopyrum curvifolium, Th.junceum and Th.intermedium. Genetic diversity was analysedusing nineteen primers. The number of amplified products ranged from8 to 18 per primer and a total of 240 markers were scored. Differentlevels of intraspecific genetic diversity were found, the allogamousspecies E. repens andTh. intermedium being themost variable. Jaccard's similarity coefficients for internalmeasure within and between populations were used to produce a clusterdiagram. The results demonstrate differences in the degree ofsimilarity between taxonomic units. Interpopulational variability andinterspecific genomic relationships of these species arediscussed. 相似文献
20.
The effects of three commonly used fungicides on the colonization and sporulation by a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi consisting of Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol. & Schenck) in symbiosis with pea plants and the resulting response of the host-plant were examined. Benomyl, PCNB, and captan were applied as soil drenches at a rate of 20 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil 2 weeks after transplanting pea seedlings in a silty clay-loam soil containing the mixed inocula of AM fungi (AM plants). Effects of fungicides were compared to untreated plants that were inoculated with fungi (AM control). The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth was also examined by including nonmycorrhizal, non-fungicide-treated plants (non-AM control). Fungicides or inoculation with AM fungi had only a small effect on the final shoot weights of pea plants, but had greater effects on root length and seed yield. AM control plants had higher seed yields and lower root lengths than the corresponding non-AM plants, and the fungicide-treated AM plants had intermediate yields and root lengths. Seed N and P contents were likewise highest in AM control plants, lowest in non-AM plants, and intermediate in fungicide-treated AM plants. All three fungicides depressed the proportion (%) of root length colonized by AM fungi, but these differences did not translate to reductions in the total root length that was colonized, since roots were longer in the fungicide-treated AM plants. Pea plants apparently compensated for the reduction in AM-fungal metabolism due to fungicides by increasing root growth. Fungicides affected the population of the three fungi as determined by sporulation at the final harvest. Captan significantly reduced the number, relative abundance, and relative volume of G. rosea spores in the final population relative to the controls. The relative volume of G. etunicatum spores was greater in all the fungicide-treated soils, while G. mosseae relative volumes were only greater in the captan-treated soil. These findings show that fungicides can alter the species composition of an AM-fungal community. The results also show that AM fungi can increase seed yield without enhancing the vegetative shoot growth of host plants. 相似文献