共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
以拟南芥野生型Col-0、谷氨酰胺合成酶敲除突变体gs1.1和gs1.2为实验材料,采取土培试验,比较正常培养液(4 mmol/L NH4+)培养(CK)、正常培养液(4 mmol/L NH4+)下外源添加5%蔗糖(T1)、高NH4+胁迫(20 mmol/L)(T2)以及高NH4+胁迫(20 mmol/L)下外源添加5%蔗糖(T3)对拟南芥各株系各生理指标的影响;通过测定地上部分的鲜重、叶绿素、游离NH4+、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、矿质元素含量等指标,研究外源蔗糖对NH4+胁迫拟南芥碳氮代谢的影响。结果表明,高NH4+胁迫下,拟南芥生长受到严重的抑制,鲜重、GS、GDH酶活性降低,游离NH4+含量、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量增加,植株的N、P、K、Ca的含量增加,Mg、Fe的含量减少,其中gs1.1和gs1.2在高NH4+处理下受到的抑制比Col-0更为显著。外源添加5%蔗糖显著缓解了高NH4+毒害,提高了可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,提高了GS和GDH的活性,降低了叶绿素和游离NH4+的含量,提高了植株体内的N、P、K、Ca,Mg的含量,降低了植株Fe的含量,其中,外源蔗糖对gs1.1和gs1.2高NH4+毒害的缓解更为显著。 相似文献
2.
外源水杨酸对干旱胁迫及复水下苎麻生理特性和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中苎2号为研究对象,通过设置干旱胁迫(DS)、1 mmol·L-1水杨酸(SA)喷施+干旱胁迫(DS+SA)、1 mmol·L-1SA喷施+正常浇水(CK+SA)、正常浇水(CK)4个处理,研究干旱胁迫下外源SA对苎麻可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖、叶片和韧皮部相关酶活性等生理机制及其生长发育的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫第20天时,与DS处理相比,DS+SA处理的苎麻叶片可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量显著增加(P0.05),分别提高了20.02%和17.91%。外源SA能明显缓解胁迫植株的氮代谢相关酶(NR、GS、GOGAT和GDH)和纤维发育相关酶(蔗糖合成酶、IAA氧化酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶)活性的降低;到干旱胁迫第20天和第30天,DS+SA处理NR活性比DS处理提高了2.02倍和0.73倍,GOGAT活性提高了67.83%和22.90%,而DS+SA处理的GS活性到干旱胁迫第10天和第20天与DS处理差异显著(P0.05)。DS处理的纤维发育相关酶到第30天下降幅度较大,3种酶活性分别只有CK的37.84%、30.71%和35.73%,而DS+SA处理能达到CK的58.23%、74.17%和60.11%。干旱导致苎麻生长缓慢,生物量与CK差异显著(P0.05),经DS+SA处理的植株的产量指标均高于DS处理。因此,在干旱胁迫下,外源水杨酸能够明显缓解植物体内相关酶活性的降低,维持植物正常生长,增强苎麻植株对干旱胁迫的耐受性。本研究为苎麻应对干旱胁迫提供了理论依据。 相似文献
3.
低温对缺钼冬小麦幼苗生长的影响Ⅰ.对糖代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对三叶一心的缺钼冬小麦进行 24h低温处理 (- 5℃～ 0℃ )后 ,冬小麦幼苗出现缺钼症状 ,并迅速波及整个植株 ,下部叶片尤为严重。缺钼及低温对幼苗地上部、根干重无明显影响 ;但经低温处理的冬小麦幼苗叶片色素含量下降 ,以叶绿素a +b减少最为明显 ;缺钼植株上部叶片在低温处理到 24h时 ,K+渗漏速率出现最大值 ,下部叶片在 9h时即达到高峰。常温下 ,供钼能提高冬小麦功能叶 (倒二叶 )可溶性总糖、蔗糖含量 ,同时使倒三叶中可溶性总糖、蔗糖含量也保持在较高水平 ;低温条件下 ,供钼植株倒三叶、功能叶可溶性总糖、蔗糖含量明显降低 ,缺钼植株功能叶糖含量下降 ,但倒三叶含量上升 相似文献
4.
锌硼营养对苦瓜叶片碳氮代谢的影响 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12
采用田间试验、植株生理生化测定方法,研究了锌、硼营养对苦瓜(株洲长白)叶片碳氮代谢的影响。结果表明,在锌、硼缺乏的红壤中施用硫酸锌和硼砂可提高苦瓜上位、下位叶片光合强度(PSR)、碳酸酐酶(CA)、硝酸还原酶活性(NR)、叶绿素、蔗糖、可溶性糖、淀粉、Zn、B、蛋白质和核酸含量;降低游离氨基酸含量(FAA)和RNase活性。生物统计结果表明,叶片Zn与叶绿素、PSR、CA;CA与PSR、蔗糖、可溶性糖;蛋白质与核酸、NR呈极显著正相关。而蛋白质与FAA、RNase;核酸与RNase呈极显著负相关。 相似文献
5.
臭氧胁迫下遮荫对孕穗期冬小麦叶片光合系统的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在大田试验条件下,基于开顶式气室和遮荫网装置,设置CK(自然臭氧和太阳辐射)、T1(100nL·L-1臭氧+ 40％ CK太阳辐射)、T2(100nL·L-1臭氧+ 60％ CK太阳辐射)、T3(100nL·L-1臭氧+ 80％ CK太阳辐射)、T4(100nL·L-1臭氧+ 100％ CK太阳辐射)5个处理组,对孕穗期冬小麦叶片气体交换参数、叶绿素(chl)、抗氧化系统酶活性等进行测定.结果表明,(1)臭氧胁迫造成冬小麦叶片光合速率下降、胞间CO2浓度增加,叶绿素(chl)、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量减少;臭氧+遮荫处理后,叶片净光合速率加速下降,但可缓解叶绿素含量、Car含量的下降.说明两种情况下叶片光合速率的下降都是由非气孔因素引起的.(2)臭氧胁迫使叶片中的可溶性糖显著升高、可溶性蛋白明显降低、总游离氨基酸明显升高;臭氧+遮荫处理后,叶片中的可溶性糖不再增加,并随着遮荫程度的加重而下降,可溶性蛋白含量继续下降而总游离氨基酸含量继续增加.说明植株代谢从臭氧胁迫下的碳代谢为主转为臭氧+遮荫下的氮代谢为主.(3)臭氧胁迫使叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均升高;臭氧+遮荫处理后,叶片中MDA明显下降,CAT、POD、SOD含量均明显升高,说明高浓度臭氧环境下,叶片通过增强抗氧化酶活性以提高活性氧自由基(ROS)的清除能力,但由于不能完全清除,造成膜质过氧化程度加剧从而加速植株衰老,太阳辐射减弱会在一定程度上减缓臭氧对植株的伤害. 相似文献
6.
矮秆品种具有改善株型、抗倒伏和高产等优点。以大豆东农42及其矮秆突变体东泽11为试验材料,于7月1日至8月20日每隔10d进行浓度为100mg·L-1外源GA3处理,探讨外源GA3对矮秆突变体与野生型株高生长、叶片光合特性以及光合产物的影响。结果表明,GA3处理均促进了矮秆突变体与野生型株高的生长,且对矮秆突变体株高的促进率高于野生型,100mg·L-1GA3处理使矮秆突变体恢复野生型植株表型。外源GA3处理,矮秆突变体叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、淀粉含量增加,光合速率、可溶性糖、蔗糖含量降低;野生型叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、蔗糖含量增加,光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、淀粉含量降低。 相似文献
7.
麦套花生氮素代谢及相关酶活性变化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大田条件下,以花生“花育22号”为材料,研究了麦套花生的氮素代谢及相关酶活性变化情况。结果表明,麦套花生根叶游离氨基酸、氮素平均含量及根系可溶性蛋白平均含量高于单作;而叶片可溶性蛋白平均含量则低于单作。与小麦共生期间,麦套花生根叶硝酸还原酶（NRase）活性、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性、叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性及谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶（GPT）活性（除播后25 d）明显低于单作;整个生育期麦套花生根系GS平均活性及GPT活性高于单作花生。可见,花生苗期小麦遮荫对花生氮素代谢及酶活性有一定影响。 相似文献
8.
9.
氮水平和形态配比对巴西橡胶树花药苗生长及氮代谢、光合作用的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用砂培方法研究了不同供氮水平及NH4+/NO3-配比对巴西橡胶树花药苗生长、氮代谢及光合作用相关指标的影响。结果表明,随供氮水平的提高,橡胶花药苗茎秆、叶、地上部及单株总干重、植株各部位氮含量和氮积累量、叶绿素含量均相应升高,其中粗根、茎秆、叶片含氮量、单株吸氮量及叶绿素含量各处理间差异均达显著水平;株高、茎粗、细根干重、叶片光合速率先增后减,且以8 mmol/L氮水平时最大;低氮水平下细根硝酸还原酶（NR）活性较高。不同NH4+/NO3-配比试验中,纯NH4+营养下小苗各部位氮含量、氮积累量最高（除细根和叶柄氮积累量）;NH4+/NO3-为75/25时,小苗株高、茎粗、叶柄、叶片、植株地上部及株干重最大,NH4+/NO3-为50/50时,小苗细根干重、茎秆干重、叶绿素含量、光合速率最大,且显著大于纯NO3-营养处理;而NH4+/NO3- 50/50时,处理间差异不显著（除细根和茎秆N含量）;纯NO3-营养下小苗细根NR活性最高,但生长最弱。结果说明橡胶花药苗不适宜于纯NO3-环境,而适宜于纯NH4+及NH4+/NO3-混合营养,其适宜水平为8 mmol/L和NH4+/NO3-50/50。 相似文献
10.
外源氮对NaCl胁迫下库拉索芦荟生理特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
温室盆栽条件下,研究了外施不同浓度硝酸铵对200 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫下库拉索芦荟叶片离子含量、质膜透性、丙二醛含量及脯氨酸和可溶性糖积累的影响。结果表明,外施不同浓度NH4NO3（3.75 ~18.75 mmol/L）能够显著增加200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下植株干重,明显促进芦荟叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖积累,提高叶片K+、Ca2+含量,抑制叶片对Na+、Cl-的吸收;同时促进K+ 和Ca2+ 向相对幼嫩叶片、Na+ 和Cl-向相对成熟叶片中的积累。外施氮显著降低盐胁迫下叶片细胞质膜透性和丙二醛含量。各项指标变化表明,外施11.25和15 mmol/L NH4NO3对盐胁迫下芦荟生理特性的调控作用较好;外源氮缓解芦荟盐害与氮促进盐胁迫下叶片离子选择吸收、增加有机渗透物质积累及维持植株体内养分平衡有关。 相似文献
11.
Because of highly intensive farming practices, crop plants could suffer relatively long terms of ammonium (NH4+) excess stress introduced by overdose application of nitrogen fertilizers. However, the lack of sufficient understanding of plant responses to NH4+ excess stress impairs the detection of effective solutions to this problem. The present work examined the biological influences of over-supplied NH4+ in Arabidopsis thaliana using two mutant lines each with an ammonium transporter (AMT) gene (AtAMT1;1 or AtAMT1;3) knocked out. Our results indicated that lacking one of the major components of root NH4+ -absorbing systems significantly alleviated the toxicity effects on Arabidopsis plants by reducing the accumulation of free NH4+, suggesting that persistent absorption of NH4+ through AMT was the main cause of excessive accumulation of free NH4+ in the plants. Shading treatment led to a reduced transpirational driving force and thereby constrained the accumulation of toxic NH4+ in the plants, finally resulting in higher NH4+ -promoted growth in the wild type (WT). Under the shading treatment, the amt1;1 and amt1;3 mutant plants acquired insufficient NH4+ and showed reduced growth when compared with the WT. Furthermore, the foliar application of sucrose notably alleviated the inhibitory effects on plant growth in the WT but had no effect on either the amt1;1 or amt1;3 mutant plants, indicating that carbon scarcity associated with NH4+ excess is probably a major cause of NH4+ toxicity in plants. Accordingly, increasing carbon source could be a potentially effective approach that alleviates the inhibition caused by NH4+ excess and increases nitrogen use efficiency under NH4+ over-supply. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1617-1634
Abstract Young seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown on nitric medium and treated with different cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0–50 µM) were used. Results obtained show that Cd remains predominantly located in the roots, which then seem to play the role of trap‐organs. Increasing Cd concentration in the medium leads particularly to a decrease in NO3 ? accumulation, together with decrease in the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), and glutamine synthetase (GS). On the other hand, stimulations were observed for ammonium accumulation, anabolitic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and protease activity. Contrarily, decreases were obtained for soluble protein contents and catabolitic activity of GDH. These results were discussed in relation to the hypothesis attributing to the mitochondrial enzyme NADH‐dependent GDH, an important role in the plant defense processes, in maintaining the glutamate pool in conditions where the need for NH4 + detoxification is increased by heavy metals. 相似文献
13.
不同铵硝比对菠菜生长、安全和营养品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过水培试验,研究了等氮条件下5种不同铵硝比对菠菜生长和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)从铵硝比100∶0到0∶100,菠菜地上部鲜重不断增加,铵硝比为0∶100时,菠菜的鲜重达最大值;但铵硝比25∶75和0∶100两个处理菠菜的干物重没有显著差异(p<0.05)。(2)随着铵硝比的降低,菠菜茎叶中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的含量均表现为线性增加;菠菜茎叶中可溶性草酸的含量和营养液中铵硝比之间呈现出二次曲线相关,在铵硝比为25∶75时,菠菜茎叶中草酸含量最低。适当增施铵态氮有利于降低菠菜硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及草酸的含量。(3)增铵可以提高菠菜Vc含量,铵硝比为50∶50的处理菠菜Vc含量最高;随着铵硝比的下降,菠菜茎叶中可溶性糖的含量逐渐降低,而粗蛋白的含量则以铵硝比25∶75处理最高。 相似文献
14.
Herbicide application is an efficient method to control weed growth in modern agriculture production, but there is concern about the ecological impact of unwanted herbicide residues in the soil. Rapeseed varieties ZS11 and D148 were used to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of residual glufosinate on the assimilation of nitrogen (N) in rapeseed seedlings transplanted to untreated [0 g hm?2 glufosinate] or treated [450 g hm?2 and 900 g hm?2 glufosinate] soils. Glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities, the contents of ammonium (NH4+), free amino acids (FAA), and soluble protein (SP), and seedling dry weight (DW) were determined at 5, 8, 11, 20, 40, and 70 d post-transplant. Both concentrations of glufosinate induced physiological phytotoxicity on the N assimilation of transplanted seedlings of both varieties, as their leaves and roots presented reduced GS activities and SP contents, and increased GDH activities, and NH4+ and FAA content. Glufosinate phytotoxicity on the N assimilation of transplanted seedlings reached a plateau at 11 to 20 d. further, GDH in roots and GS in leaves were still significantly different at 70 d. Meanwhile, ZS11 might be more sensitive to glufosinate than D148 since ZS11 had more variation than D148 at the same treatment, and the overdose of glufosinate more strongly inhibited N assimilation than the recommended dose. Therefore, it is essential to apply a suitable glufosinate dose to the transplanted variety, to minimize adverse effects on crops and the environment.
Abbreviations: N, Nitrogen; GS, Glutamine synthetase; GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; NH4+, ammonium; FAA, free amino acids; SP, soluble proteins; DW, Dry weight; ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance; NO3?, nitrate; OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; PPT, phosphinothricin; USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency 相似文献
15.
不同铵钾比对高铵下拟南芥地上部和根系生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钾在缓解植物铵毒害的过程中起着重要的作用。本文研究了高铵(30 mmol/L)条件下,不同铵钾比(7.5︰1和150︰1)对拟南芥(Col-0)主根、侧根以及地上部生长的影响。结果表明:30 mmol/L NH4+条件下,高铵钾比(150)处理显著加重了拟南芥铵毒害现象,地上部和根系生长所受的抑制作用更为明显并导致更严重的氧化胁迫。相比低铵钾比水平,在高铵处理下,高铵钾比使得拟南芥主根伸长量降低57.4%,侧根数量减少33.3%,而地上部鲜重减轻69.9%。DAB(3,3￠-二氨基联苯胺,3,3￠-diaminobenzidine)叶片染色结果表明,不加铵处理下,外源不同钾水平(0.2和4.0 mmol/L)对拟南芥叶片的氧化胁迫作用没有显著差异;而高铵处理下,相比低铵钾比处理,高铵钾比显著增加了叶片中过氧化氢的含量,加重了其氧化胁迫。伊文思蓝(Evans blue,EB)染色结果表明,不加铵处理下,外源不同钾水平对拟南芥地上部和根部的膜透性没有显著差异,而高铵处理下,高铵钾比显著增强了拟南芥地上部和根部的膜透性,表明其对细胞的伤害程度加重。可见,高铵抑制拟南芥根系和地上部生长,高铵钾比则会加重这种抑制,其原因除了高浓度钾能减少植物对铵的吸收外,可能与高铵钾比条件加剧了植物的氧化胁迫有关。因此,适宜的铵钾比在植物应对铵毒害的过程中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
16.
Daniel Geisseler Timothy A. Doane William R. Horwath 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(8):1741-1749
Ammonium (NH4+), an important nitrogen (N) source for microorganisms, is assimilated via two major pathways. One route is catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), while the other mechanism involves two enzymes, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). The GS/GOGAT enzyme system requires more energy to operate, but has a much higher affinity for NH4+ than GDH. We describe procedures to determine potential GS and GDH activity in soil samples. GS and GDH are intracellular enzymes. We used chloroform fumigation to make cell membranes permeable for substrates and products of the enzymes. Fumigation for 4 h increased GS activity almost ten-fold compared to the unfumigated control. Under optimized assay conditions, GS activity increased linearly for at least 80 min, indicating that the substrates were not limiting. In contrast to what was found for GS activity, direct addition of substrates to the soil to assay GDH activity did not result in a linear increase in GDH activity over time. A linear response for 3 h, however, resulted when the soil samples were first extracted with buffer solution and the reagents were added after centrifugation. The differences between the assays explain why fumigation for 3 d prior to the assay increased GDH activity by only 60%. In a microcosm study with glucose and NH4+ addition, the activity of the two enzymes depended on the carbon (C) to N ratio of the amendment. With increasing C to N ratios from 5 to 120, GS activity doubled, while C to N ratios higher than 120 did not further increase GS activity. In contrast, GDH activity decreased by 13% with increasing C to N ratios from 5 to 200. The GDH to GS activity ratio in soil may therefore yield valuable information about the availability of N relative to C at a specific time. 相似文献
17.
燕麦幼苗对氯化钠和氯化钾胁迫的生理响应差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨燕麦对NaCl和KCl胁迫的生理响应差异,采用水培法,研究了不同浓度NaCl和KCl胁迫对幼苗生长,活性氧代谢和渗透调节的影响。结果表明:(1)在75和150mmol/L浓度下,NaCl胁迫对燕麦幼苗的膜脂过氧化伤害和生长抑制大于KCl胁迫。NaCl胁迫下叶片中的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量低于KCl胁迫;当浓度增大到225mmol/L时,KCl胁迫叶片中O-2.,H2O2,丙二醛(MDA),可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量显著大于NaCl胁迫,而SOD,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量则相反。(2)225mmol/L KCl和NaCl处理的植株叶片水势分别为-0.867和-1.034 MPa,渗透势分别为-1.409和-1.252 MPa,说明KCl对燕麦的更强伤害不是渗透胁迫所致;经225mmol/L KCl胁迫后,燕麦叶片中Na+含量下降至对照的36.5%,而K+含量上升为对照的1.49倍,而补充20mmol/L NaCl显著提高了225mmol/L KCl胁迫下叶片Na+的含量及SOD,APX活性,降低了K+,H2O2,O-2.和MDA含量,说明离子毒害引起的活性氧积累可能是高浓度KCl胁迫对燕麦幼苗伤害大于NaCl胁迫的重要原因。 相似文献
18.
NH_4~+和NO_3~–是对植物有效的两种主要无机氮源。水稻一般被认为是偏好NH_4~+的植物,但是在NO_3~–条件下,水稻也能良好地生长。大多数关于水稻铵硝营养的报道是在pH 6.0左右的水培条件下开展的,但是对于酸性条件下水稻铵硝营养研究很少。随着土壤酸化的加重及一些边际酸性土壤被用作水稻种植,研究酸性条件下水稻的铵硝营养具有重要意义。本文采用水培试验,在pH 5.0的条件下,通过添加和不添加pH缓冲剂MES(2-(N-吗啡啉)乙磺酸),研究了NH_4~+和NO_3~–对水稻生长、氮效率和矿质养分(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn)吸收的影响。结果表明,在不添加MES的条件下,水稻地上部生长(株高、叶绿素含量、干重)在NH_4~+和NO_3~–之间没有显著差异,而添加MES后,NH_4~+处理的水稻地上部生长优于NO_3~–。不管是否添加MES,NO_3~–处理的水稻地下部生长(根长、根表面积和根物质量)优于NH_4~+。水稻含氮量和氮利用效率在不同NH_4~+和NO_3~–处理之间没有显著差异,但是NH_4~+处理的水稻氮吸收效率高于NO_3~–。与NO_3~–相比,NH_4~+增加了水稻地上部P和Fe含量,而降低了水稻地上部Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu和Mn含量,对K含量影响较小。上述结果表明,NH_4~+有利于改善水稻地上部生长,提高氮吸收效率、地上部P和Fe含量,而NO_3~–则有利于水稻发根,提高地上部Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu和Mn含量。 相似文献