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1.
有机物料对灌漠土结合态腐殖质及其组分的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为查明不同有机物料的土壤培肥效果,通过持续7a的定位试验,研究了长期不施肥(CK)、仅施化肥氮磷(NP)、70%NP+牛粪(NF)、70%NP+猪粪(ZF)、70%NP+鸡粪(JF)、70%NP+沼渣(ZZ)、70%NP+菌渣(JZ)和70%NP+污泥(WN)对灌漠土结合态腐殖质及其组分的影响。结果表明,施有机物料处理土壤有机碳含量和储量较对照(CK)和常规施肥(NP)均显著(P0.05)增加,但增幅有差异,鸡粪和污泥处理增幅最高,其次为猪粪。牛粪、猪粪和污泥处理游离态有机碳含量显著高于对照和常规施肥,而猪粪、鸡粪、菌渣、沼渣和污泥处理结合态腐殖质含量较对照和常规施肥显著(P0.05)增加。6种有机物料处理土壤结合态腐殖质的胡敏酸(HA)含量较对照和常规施肥均显著(P0.05)增加,而仅有菌渣对土壤松结态腐殖质影响不显著,但施菌渣和沼渣土壤稳结态腐殖质含量较对照和常规施肥显著增加(P0.05)。施鸡粪、沼渣和污泥土壤紧结合态腐殖质和富里酸含量较对照和常规施肥显著增加(P0.05),而胡敏素含量仅有牛粪和鸡粪处理较对照处理显著增加(P0.05)。综上,有机物料种类显著影响土壤游离态有机碳、结合态有机碳含量、腐殖质结合形态及其组分,进而影响土壤有机碳含量。猪粪、鸡粪和污泥的土壤培肥效果较好,而牛粪、菌渣和沼渣的效果略差。 相似文献
2.
耕作方式对耕层土壤结构性能及有机碳含量的影响 总被引：25，自引：2，他引：23
为了寻求能够提高土壤结构稳定性的耕作模式,在陇中黄土高原半干旱区连续7年的定位试验研究基础上,采用常规分析方法(湿筛法、重铬酸钾容量法、环刀法),研究了不同耕作方式对耕层土壤结构性能及有机碳含量的影响.结果表明:与传统耕作(T)相比,免耕无覆盖(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)和免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)3种保护性耕作方式均能不同程度地增加耕层土壤的有机碳和不同粒径水稳性团聚体的含量,其中免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)处理效果最佳.在0～10 cm土层中,NTS处理的土壤容重低、孔隙度大,土壤结构得到了较大改善.不同耕作方式下0～5 cm、5～10 cm和10～30 cm土层粒径1～0.5 mm水稳性团聚体的含量最高,粒径>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量与有机碳含量和孔隙度呈显著正相关,与容重呈显著负相关. 相似文献
3.
少免耕土壤结构与导水能力的季节变化及其水保效果 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
通过对黑土坡耕地免耕、少耕与传统耕作土壤物理性状全生育期观测,比较研究土壤结构和导水性状季节变化差异及其与水土流失的关系。结果表明,表层0~20 cm土壤,免耕土壤容重全生育期维持在1.20~1.30 g cm-3,变化小,大于0.25 mm的水稳性团聚体含量(WR0.25)和平均重量直径(MWD)高于传统耕作,初始和稳定入渗速率均高于少耕和传统耕作,土壤含水量分别较少耕和传统耕作高4.7和4.4个百分点,较传统耕作分别减少地表径流和土壤流失量86%和100%;少耕除夏季各项性状均介于免耕和传统耕作之间,夏季垄沟深松后,垄沟土壤容重显著降低,较免耕和传统耕作降低0.15 g cm-3以上,提高土壤初始入渗速率30%以上,较传统耕作减少水和土壤流失量20%和40%。传统耕作土壤容重,垄台由播种时的0.91 g cm-3增加至收获时的1.23 g cm-3,垄沟一直维持在1.30 g cm-3左右,WR0.25、MWD、土壤稳定入渗速率、含水量均较低,全生育期10%的雨水流失,土壤流失量615 t km-2a-1。免耕土壤结构稳定,蓄水保水最佳,为效果显著的水土保持耕作措施,少耕也有一定的保水保土作用;免耕和少耕均能够改善土壤物理性状。 相似文献
4.
民勤绿洲灌区保护性耕作对土壤风蚀与土壤物理性质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过春小麦田间试验,以传统耕作为对照,设置免耕不覆盖、免耕秸秆覆盖、立茬和残茬压倒4种保护性耕作处理,研究河西绿洲灌区保护性耕作下土壤风蚀与土壤结构的关系,分析了田间输沙量与土壤团聚体、<0.01mm物理性粘粒、<0.01mm分散性粘粒、分散系数随年限增加的变化及其相关关系。结果表明：与传统耕作相比,保护性耕作能显著减少输沙量；>0.05mm各级团聚体随年限的增加基本无显著变化,但保护性耕作大团聚体(>0.25mm)有增大趋势,微团聚体(0.25-0.05mm)有减少趋势；保护性耕作实施2年后,<0.05mm土粒占比除立茬处理减少不显著外,其他保护性耕作处理均显著减少；试验第3年,传统耕作<0.01mm物理性粘粒较保护性耕作有减少趋势；免耕不覆盖、立茬和残茬茬倒处理<0.01mm分散性粘粒含量随年限的增加显著下降,免耕秸秆覆盖处理变化不显著；免耕不覆盖和残茬压倒处理土壤分散系数随年限的增加显著下降,免耕秸秆覆盖和立茬下降不显著；保护性耕作实施的第3年,各保护性耕作处理分散系数出现减小的趋势。输沙量与>1mm团聚体、<0.05mm土粒和<0.01mm分散性粘粒含量都有极显著的负相关关系,与0.25-0.05mm团聚体呈极显著正相关关系。综上所述,保护性耕作能促进土壤微结构的改善,土壤微结构的改善有利于土壤大团聚体的形成。 相似文献
5.
基于连续8年的田间试验,研究分析了不同耕作施肥措施下冬小麦农田土壤呼吸的季节变化及影响因素。结果表明:不同耕作施肥处理可以显著影响土壤呼吸速率,与传统耕作相比,免耕覆盖处理显著降低了旱地农田土壤呼吸速率;而相同耕作处理下,增施有机肥会显著提高土壤呼吸速率,说明翻耕和增施有机肥均会促进土壤呼吸。冬小麦季土壤温度和水分是土壤呼吸的主要影响因素,其中土壤温度可以解释土壤呼吸变化的83.2%~93.7%,土壤水分可以解释44.0%~76.5%,土壤温度对土壤呼吸的影响大于土壤水分;土壤温度对土壤呼吸的影响程度因不同耕作施肥处理而异,翻耕和增施有机肥均会提高土壤呼吸的温度敏感性(Q_(10)),免耕覆盖条件下减小了土壤呼吸受温度的影响程度。 相似文献
6.
有机物料施用对旱地红壤作物产量和有机质活性组分的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
为了探讨不同有机物料施用对作物产量和土壤有机质活性组分的影响,以达到农田增产和土壤培肥的目的,本研究依托2015年在江西省红壤研究所布置的田间施肥试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常量化肥(CF)、减量化肥(RF)、减量化肥配施秸秆(RFR)、减量化肥配施生物黑炭(RFB)、减量化肥配施猪粪(RFP)、减量化肥配施蚓粪(RFV)7种不同施肥处理,研究减量化肥40%条件下配施不同有机物料对作物产量及耕层土壤有机质活性组分的影响。结果表明:在红薯-油菜轮作制度下,减肥配施有机物料处理的作物产量较常量化肥处理都有不同程度的增加,其中RFP、RFV处理油菜籽产量显著高于CF处理(P0.05);减肥配施有机物料处理的土壤微生物生物量有机质(MBOM)、水溶性有机质(DOM)、颗粒性有机质(POM)、易氧化有机质(LOM)含量均高于CF处理,其中油菜季POM含量较红薯季有明显的提升;相关性分析表明,经过两季的施肥处理,SOM和有机质活性组分与作物产量均呈显著正相关关系(P0.05),MBOM、POM、LOM与SOM呈极显著正相关性(P0.01)。可见,不同有机物料替代部分化肥,可以一定程度提高作物产量,更重要的是可以促进土壤有机质活性组分的提高,对于土壤培肥至关重要。 相似文献
7.
针对黄淮海两熟区传统精耕细作存在的土壤结构破坏、动力消耗过大和连续免耕存在耕层土壤紧实度增加、表层杂草养分富集等问题,该研究设计了4 a的"翻耕-免耕-深松-免耕"的组合耕作模式(Combine Tillage,CT),通过4 a的周期定位试验,以连续免耕(Continuous No-tillage,CN)和连续翻耕(Continuous Plouging,CP)为对照,运用综合评价法,对组合耕作模式的周期生产力进行综合评价,结果表明:土壤质量方面,CT处理可以提高土壤的结构质量,减小土壤容重,有效降低0～30cm土层土壤容重,平均容重比连续免耕和连续翻耕分别小0.089和0.125g/cm3;CT处理提高土壤养分质量,增加0～30 cm土层全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,对碱解氮含量影响不显著,增加土壤有机碳含量,平均有机碳含量比CN处理和CP处理分别高0.36和0.61 g/kg,并且各层之间有机碳含量分布较均匀;CP处理破坏0～20 cm土壤结构,在20～30cm土层形成犁底层,增加土壤容重,并且只增加10～20cm土层有机碳含量,各层养分不均;CN处理虽未对土壤结构造成破坏,但只增加0～10 cm土层有机碳含量,使土壤养分在表层积累。投入产出方面,CT处理周期总投入与CN处理差异不显著,两者均显著低于CP处理,但CT处理粮食总产量和总产值显著高于CN处理和CP处理,组合耕作能够提高物质利用率、劳动生产率和产投比,节本增效显著。CT、CN和CP的周期生产力综合评价得分分别为4.85、3.8和1.7,CT处理得分显著高于CN处理和CP处理,说明组合耕作具有较高的周期生产力。该研究可为小麦-玉米两熟区耕作模式的优化提供参考,促进两熟区的生产力提升和节本增效。 相似文献
8.
耕作方式对土壤水分入渗、有机碳含量及土壤结构的影响 总被引：14，自引：6，他引：14
为探明不同耕作方式对土壤剖面结构、水分入渗过程等的作用机理,采集田间长期定位耕作措施(常规耕作、免耕、深松)试验中的原状土柱(0~100 cm)及0~10 cm、10~20 cm、…、90~100 cm环刀样、原状土及混合土样,通过室内模拟试验进行了0~100 cm土层土壤入渗过程和饱和导水率的测定,分析了不同土层的土壤有机碳含量、土壤结构特征及相互关系。结果表明:从土柱顶部开始供水(恒定水头)到水分全部入渗到土柱底部的时间为:常规耕作免耕深松;土柱土壤入渗速率和累积入渗量为:深松免耕常规耕作;土柱累积蒸发量为:常规耕作免耕深松。土壤的饱和导水率表现为:0~10 cm和50~60 cm土层,免耕深松常规耕作;20~50 cm和60~100 cm土层,深松免耕常规耕作。随土层的加深,0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量和土壤有机碳含量均表现为先增加(10~20 cm)再降低的趋势。在0~40 cm土层和80~100 cm土层,均以深松处理0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量最高。在60 cm以上土层,土壤有机碳含量表现为:免耕深松常规耕作,而60 cm土层以下土壤有机碳显著降低,均低于4 g·kg?1,且在70 cm以下土层,常规耕作免耕深松。综上,耕作措施能够改变土壤有机碳含量,改善土壤结构,促进土壤蓄水保墒;深松更利于水分就地入渗,而免耕则更利于有机碳的提升和水分的储存,其作用深度在0~60 cm土层。 相似文献
9.
基于2015年布置的田间定位试验,结合不同土壤耕作方式与有机物料类型,设置旋耕+无还田(RT0)、旋耕+秸秆还田(RT1)、旋耕+牛粪还田(RT2)、深松+无还田(SS0)、深松+秸秆还田(SS1)和深松+牛粪还田(SS2)共6个处理,于2017年进行采样测定,研究在不同有机物料配施条件下,深松对黑土区坡耕地农田土壤孔隙度、饱和导水率、含水量、团聚体稳定性和贯入阻力等土壤物理性质的影响,为黑土区坡耕地合理耕层构建和可持续发展提供理论依据。研究结果表明:1)深松配施有机物料技术在维护表层0～10 cm土壤物理性状稳定的情况下,显著改善黑土区坡耕地农田10～30 cm土壤孔隙度、含水量和饱和导水率。深松配施有机物料对土壤孔隙度的增加幅度为2.76%～4.01%,对土壤含水量的增加幅度为3.96%～7.39%,对土壤饱和导水率的增加幅度为87.6%～125.2%,均大于无物料还田的深松处理。2)深松配施有机物料还田降低土壤贯入阻力,所影响的耕层厚度(35～45 cm)大于深松无物料还田的处理(25 cm),且这一耕层增厚效益持续整个玉米生长季。3)深松配施秸秆还田条件下黑土区坡耕地农田10～30 cm土壤团聚体平均重量直径的增加幅度为21.3%～23.1%,显著高于深松配施牛粪还田和无物料还田的深松处理。研究结果认为,深松配施秸秆还田改善表层0～10 cm以下土壤的物理保水和导水能力,增加耕层厚度,提高土壤结构的稳定性,且耕层增厚和土壤结构改善的效益持续整个玉米生育季,是比较理想的黑土区坡耕地耕层构建技术,研究结果可为黑土区坡耕地耕层构建和土壤改良提供技术支撑。 相似文献
10.
土壤微形态方法已广泛运用在遗址土壤研究中，可解读其蕴含的古人类活动信息。本研究在仰韶村遗址土壤前期研究基础上，采集多处文化层以及古土壤层、表土层，通过比较土壤微形态和理化性质差异，判别古人类用火和培土行为。结果表明：(1)用火影响的土壤基质主要呈红棕色，其中炭屑散乱分布，铁质垒结形成物主要呈团块状、碎屑状。细粒质受到火烧作用影响，经化学反应形成的铁质氧化物覆盖其上，显示出弱干涉色特征，多为无分离b-垒结。(2)培土影响的土壤中可以识别出人工痕迹，如平整的孔道和刮擦痕迹，紧密的不同土壤垒结之间存在清晰平整的界线，表明土壤被压实。部分细粒质受到人为刮擦作用影响，呈现条纹状b-垒结。细粒质与粗粒质除包膜状和桥接状外，还出现填集状，这也表明土壤被压实。(3)发现贝壳和碳化植物等侵入体，土壤微结构呈现海绵状。总体而言，土壤的宏观特征和基本理化性状印证了微形态观察结果，表明该区域土壤与古人类用火和耕作活动相关。 相似文献
11.
A range of agricultural practices influence soil microbial communities, such as tillage and organic C inputs, however such effects are largely unknown at the initial stage of soil formation. Using an eight-year field experiment established on exposed parent material (PM) of a Mollisol, our objectives were to: (1) to determine the effects of field management and soil depth on soil microbial community structure; (2) to elucidate shifts in microbial community structure in relation to PM, compared to an arable Mollisol (MO) without organic amendment; and (3) to identify the controlling factors of such changes in microbial community structure. The treatments included two no-tilled soils supporting perennial crops, and four tilled soils under the same cropping system, with or without chemical fertilization and crop residue amendment. Principal component (PC) analysis of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles demonstrated that microbial community structures were affected by tillage and/or organic and inorganic inputs via PC1 and by land use and/or soil depth via PC2. All the field treatments were separated by PM into two groups via PC1, the tilled and the no-tilled soils, with the tilled soils more developed towards MO. The tilled soils were separated with respect to MO via PC1 associated with the differences in mineral fertilization and the quality of organic amendments, with the soils without organic amendment being more similar to MO. The separations via PC1 were principally driven by bacteria and associated with soil pH and soil C, N and P. The separations via PC2 were driven by fungi, actinomycetes and Gram (−) bacteria, and associated with soil bulk density. The separations via both PC1 and PC2 were associated with soil aggregate stability and exchangeable K, indicating the effects of weathering and soil aggregation. The results suggest that in spite of the importance of mineral fertilization and organic amendments, tillage and land-use type play a significant role in determining the nature of the development of associated soil microbial community structures at the initial stages of soil formation. 相似文献
12.
亚热带低丘区退化红壤肥力质量恢复性能的研究 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
试验和分析结果表明 ,退化红壤主要肥力因素的恢复与农用物质的投入和土壤本身理化性质均存在明显的关系。随着物质投入量的增加 ,土壤肥力质量的恢复也逐渐加快。在自然条件下 ,土壤肥力因素的恢复主要与土壤本身属性有关 ,在肥力恢复过程中 ,土壤有机质的增加量与土壤本身有机质含量呈抛物线关系 ,约当土壤有机质含量在 2 0 g/ kg时 ,增幅最大 ;在一定的含氮范围内 ,土壤氮素的增加与土壤全氮含量呈正相关 ;而速效钾的增加量与土壤本身速效钾含量呈反相关。土壤水稳定性团聚体的恢复与土壤粘粒含量及有机质含量呈正相关。试验结果表明 ,在合理的管理条件下 ,红壤肥力质量可以逐渐得到改善 相似文献
13.
不同土地利用和管理方式对黑土肥力的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站22 a长期定位实验,研究了不同土地利用和管理方式对黑土肥力的影响。结果表明,不同土地利用方式促使土壤肥力发生不同的变化,裸地生态系统由于无有机质输入和无植被保护,土壤肥力逐年下降;草地植被覆盖使黑土全碳、全氮、碱解氮含量逐年提高;农田生态系统施肥管理能减缓土壤肥力降低,化肥配施有机肥增加土壤养分库,提高土壤肥力。不同覆盖特定的因子影响特殊的土壤酶活性。自然植被恢复对土壤转化酶和磷酸酶活性的影响大于增加土壤养分含量(碳、氮、磷含量)的影响。黑土自然植被恢复和农田土壤有机-无机肥配施是保持和增加黑土有机C,N库稳定性以及提高土壤肥力的重要途径。 相似文献
14.
Differences in the vulnerability of soils to fertility degradation are compared for two major soil groups located in the coastal plain of Tanzania and cropped with sisal (Agave sisalana). Ferralsols derived from intermediate gneiss of Precambrian age and Cambisols developed in Jurassic and Neogene limestones partly covered with Quaternary deposits were selected for comparison. A clear influence of parent material was apparent when soils were continuously cropped with sisal and no fertilizers were applied. Serious soil fertility decline occurs in Ferralsols, but Cambisols are resilient to chemical degradation and the fertility decline in these soils was very limited. The differences in degradation rates are explained by the lower initial fertility and low nutrient reserve of Ferralsols, while the Cambisols had higher initial fertility levels and nutrients removed by the sisal crop are replenished by the weathering of the underlying parent material. Sustainable soil fertility management of Cambisols includes only NPK fertilization, but heavy dressings of lime, organic manures and/or chemical fertilizers are required to improve the fertility status of the Ferralsols and to produce crops in a sustainable manner. 相似文献
15.
No-tillage is an increasing way of management for agricultural soils. The objective of this study was to identify in which extent the chemical properties of a loamy soil could be affected by no-tillage under temperate conditions.Soil chemical properties were investigated on a field subjected to either conventional or no-tillage management of maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with identical fertilization practices and no lime supply since 1970. On no-tilled soil, maize was cropped exactly on the same line every other year, which enabled soil sampling under the row and under the interrow.Tilled soil had an homogeneous ploughed horizon, whereas soil under no-tillage exhibited strong vertical gradients of pH, exchangeable cations and organic C. No-tilled soil had 11.4% greater organic C than tilled soil, and the difference was concentrated in the upper 5 cm. The proportion of exchangeable cations was highest in the interrow of no-tilled soil and lowest in tilled soil. Tilled soil contained much lower exchangeable K than no-tilled soil, indicating a difference in retention capacity of this cation. The pH of the upper 5 cm of no-tilled soil was low, probably because of surface accumulation of organic residues. Whatever the tillage system, exchangeable Al was significantly related to pH according to the relation: Alex = 76441 × 10−0.99 pH (r2 = 0.96; p < 0.001). An expected complexing effect of organic matter on Al was not observed, probably hidden by the influence of pH.Since yields were not negatively affected by long-term no-tillage and organic C content was higher, no-tillage appears to be a cost-saving choice for maize and wheat production under these temperate environmental conditions, as well as a way for C sequestration. 相似文献
16.
Laura GIAGNONI Cosimo TAITI Paloma LE&#;N Corrado COSTA Paolo MENESATTI Rafael ESPEJO Clara G&#;MEZ-PACCARD Chiquinquir&#; HONTORIA Eduardo V&#;ZQUEZ Marta BENITO Stefano MANCUSO Giancarlo RENELLA 《土壤圈》2020,30(5):597-606
The Ultisols in the Raña de Cañamero area in Southwest Spain showed aluminum (Al) phytotoxicity, and the clearance of natural vegetation and decades of intensive conventional agriculture caused the deplation of soil organic matter (SOM). Therefore, we studied the long-term effects of no tillage and liming using sugar beet foam (SF) and red gypsum (RG), alone or in combination, on the restoration of Ultisols affected by acidification, Al phytotoxicity, and SOM depletion. We measured the main soil chemical properties, soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities involved in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur mineralization, and the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results indicated that liming effectively neutralized the soil acidity in the long term and, in combination with no tillage, significantly increased soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. Twenty-three VOCs were detected using the proton transfer reaction-time of flight (PTR-ToF) technique, and both liming and tillage changed the VOC emission patterns. The greatest difference in VOC emission pattern was observed between no-tilled un-amended soils and tilled lime-amended soils, suggesting the activation of different metabolic pathways within the microbial communities of soils under different management. Differences in VOC emission patterns could be attributed to the decomposition of carbohydrates, which were also sustained by the higher enzyme activities in the lime-amended soils. 相似文献
17.
广东省不同母质发育土壤颗粒分布的分形维数特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
采集广东省主要成土母质(玄武岩、砂页岩、第四纪红土和花岗岩)发育的林地、耕地和园地土壤剖面各发生层土壤,测定了土壤颗粒组成、有机质、CEC等理化性质,探讨了不同母质发育土壤颗粒分布的分形维数特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明,玄武岩、第四纪红土、花岗岩和砂页岩发育土壤分形维数变幅分别为2.923 9~2.981 2,2.858 8~2.937 7,2.769 3~2.923 1和2.544 6~2.885 6;玄武岩和第四纪红土发育土壤颗粒分布分形维数与砂页岩发育土壤存在显著差异。土壤颗粒分布的分形维数随土壤深度增加呈增大的趋势,相同母质发育土壤的深层土壤颗粒分布的分形维数接近一致。玄武岩和第四纪红土发育土壤颗粒分布的分形维数在不同深度土壤之间变幅较小,砂页岩和花岗岩发育土壤变幅较大。土壤颗粒分布的分形维数与砂粒含量呈极显负相关,与黏粒含量呈极显著正相关,与土壤全磷、速效钾、全铁、CEC、有机质、全氮、碱解氮呈极显著或显著正相关;土壤颗粒分布的分形维数可以作为表征土壤肥力状况指标。 相似文献
18.
基于30年水稻土长期施肥定位试验,在保证原有定位试验正常开展的前提下,将部分化肥处理变更为有机肥处理(或反之),通过观测一年水稻轮作周期内不同处理甲烷(CH_4)排放通量季节性变化,探讨不同肥力水稻土中外源有机碳及土壤有机碳含量对田间CH_4排放的影响。结果表明:施化肥处理和有机肥处理,水稻土全年CH_4累积排放量范围分别为1.73~4.72和35.09~86.60 g·m~(-2)。有机肥处理改施化肥后,田间土壤CH_4的排放量显著降低;化肥处理改施有机肥或有机肥处理增施有机肥后,田间土壤CH_4的排放量显著提高。外源有机碳的输入量是田间土壤CH_4年排放量的决定性因素,外源有机碳输入量(x)与水稻土CH_4年累积排放量(y)之间满足直线方程:y=0.087 7 x+3.265 7(R~2=0.965 9,n=21)。土壤有机碳同样也是影响稻田CH_4排放的因素,在不同有机碳水平的水稻土上施用等量相同化肥或有机肥,土壤有机碳含量高的水稻土都更有利于CH_4的产生。单施化肥稻田土壤CH_4排放的最主要碳源是土壤有机碳,有机碳含量(x)和水稻土CH_4年累积排放量(y)之间的指数方程:y=0.162 4 e~(0.162 2 x)(R~2=0.940 6,n=9)。有机肥可促进土壤有机碳分解释放CH_4,土壤有机碳含量相同的条件下,高量有机肥比常量有机肥的土壤有机碳分解比率高0.65%,等量相同有机肥但土壤有机碳含量不同的条件下,土壤有机碳分解比率无显著差异;同样,土壤有机碳也可促进有机物料碳分解释放CH_4,在常量有机肥或高量有机肥处理中,土壤有机碳含量高者比低者的有机物料碳分解比率分别多出3.57%和2.34%。 相似文献
19.
利用一个长达30年且已进行适当变更的定位肥料试验,采用湿筛法进行土壤团聚体分级,测定并计算土壤容重、孔隙度与平均质量直径(MWD),探讨了长期施用高量有机肥、常量有机肥、化肥及当其施肥措施改变(化改常、常改高、高改化、常改化)3年后红壤性水稻土团聚体组成及结构的变化特征,以期为已培肥红壤性水稻土选择合理的后续施肥策略而促进水稻土可持续发展提供理论依据。结果表明,与施用化肥30年相比,长期施用有机肥(常量、高量)能显著降低土壤容重(10.38%~19.81%),并提高孔隙度(6.77%~13.13%)与MWD(46.84%~61.58%)。有机肥处理(常量、高量、化改常、常改高)下粗大团聚体(2 mm)所占比例最高,而化肥处理(高改化、常改化、化肥)下细大团聚体(2~0.25 mm)所占比例最高。在施肥措施改变3年后,如减少有机肥(高改化、常改化)的施入量将导致土壤容重增加(6.47%~14.34%),土壤孔隙度(3.63%~6.79%)或MWD(21.15%~31.43%)降低;而增加有机肥(化改常、常改高)的施入量将显著降低土壤容重(3.08%~9.02%)并增加土壤孔隙度(1.73%~6.01%)与MWD(5.45%~44.58%)。由此,为进一步维持或改善土壤结构,红壤性水稻土长期培肥后应继续或加大田间外源有机物料的投入量。 相似文献
20.
To ameliorate degraded red soils and restore their productivity, it is necessary to quantitatively assess the effects of different land uses on soil fertility. In this study, surface soil samples (0–20 cm) under different land uses were collected from an 18-year ameliorative experiment site of a eroded red soil in Lanxi county, Zhejiang province of southern China. The status of surface soil fertility was quantified with a ryegrass growth test in the greenhouse and by numerical analysis of twelve important fertility indexes. The soil fertility indexes were grouped into three major factors using a factor analysis, i.e., organic matter-nitrogen-structure, acidity and phosphate. By means of principal component analysis and cluster analysis of these fertility factors, the fertility of the eroded red soil as a function of land use patterns had the following decreased order: vegetable land>paddy field, cropping arable land and ryegrass land>tea garden>citrus garden>forestland>wasteland. The result suggested that organic matter, total N, available N, and water-stable aggregates were the main characteristics for fertility restoration of the eroded red soil. Soil fertility was most rapidly restored where the soil had been used as vegetable land, and least restored when left as wasteland. The results indicated that land use strongly affected the fertility restoration of eroded red soils because of its effect on the input of nutrients and energy, thus determining the speed and direction of soil fertility evolution. 相似文献