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北京植物园的抗寒竹种 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在调查北京植物园引种竹类生长情况基础上,根据竹类冻害程度,将该园竹种的抗寒性划分成5个等级。提出了一批值得发展的抗寒性强和比较强的经济竹种,并扼要地介绍了使竹子安全越冬的栽培管理方法。 相似文献
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对2020年雄安新区栽植的31种竹子生长情况及在极端低温下的冻害情况进行了调查。结果显示,美竹、金玉竹、早园竹、红哺鸡竹、黄槽竹、金镶玉竹、京竹、人面竹、花秆早园竹、灰金竹、箬竹、美丽箬竹、云南箬竹等13个竹种生长表现良好,抗冻能力强,可以规模化发展;斑竹、云南水竹、紫竹、三年紫竹、矢竹、辣韭矢竹、菲黄竹、铺地竹、菲白竹等9个竹种应在有保护措施的条件下适量种植;栽植时,竹苗所带土球越大、栽植越密,越有利于竹子的成活和越冬;秋冬季,对竹子喷施防冻剂或采取保护措施,更有助于竹子越冬。 相似文献
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特大冰冻雪灾后长沙市竹类的冻害状况 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2008年1月中旬至2月初,我国南方遭受了1954年以来最严重的低温冰雪灾害.对冰雪灾害后长沙市75种(含变种、变型和栽培变种)竹类的冻害程度进行调查,并于同年4月调查气温回升后冻害竹类的恢复生长情况.依据竹类的冻害等级和竹类的3种地下茎类型,对不同地下茎类型中竹子的冻害状况进行统计分析研究.结果表明:1)冻害程度为Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ和Ⅳ级的竹子分别有2,10,24和34种(含变种、变型和栽培变种),未受冻害的竹种有茶秆竹、刚竹、红哺鸡竹、湘妃竹和爬地竹;2)所有Ⅰ级冻害的种类及70%的Ⅱ级冻害种类为合轴型,80%的未受冻害种类为单轴型;3)在合轴型的竹类中,属Ⅰ,Ⅱ和Ⅲ级冻害的种数分别为该类型总种数的10.5%,36.8%和47.4%,而复轴型与单轴型的竹类中均无Ⅰ级冻害的种类,前者以Ⅳ级冻害为主,后者以Ⅲ和Ⅳ级冻害为主,单轴型的竹类中无冻害的种类高达该类型总种数的11.8%,全市所有竹子中合轴型竹类的冻害程度最重,单轴型竹类的冻害程度最轻. 相似文献
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竹蝗的监测预报及防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄脊竹蝗（简称竹蝗）是我国南方竹子产区的主要害虫之一。该虫每年发生1代，以卵在土中越冬。越冬卵于4月底5月初开始孵化，孵化期可延续到6月上旬。初孵跳蝻有群聚特性。7月下旬为成虫期羽化盛期，8月中下旬为产卵盛期，产卵可延续到10月初。竹蝗大发生时，使大片竹林枯死，甚至影响到灾区以后三五年竹子的生长，造成严重损失。 相似文献
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竹子普遍被认为是只适合在温暖地区生长,因此不太可能在德国寒冷的北部越冬。但德国联帮农业研究所的专家回答了这个问题。 该研究所对17个竹种进行了田间试验,主要有早竹,黄槽竹、乌哺鸡竹、早园竹、神农箭竹、毛竹、千岛赤竹和翠竹等。测度表明,这些竹种在德国北部长势很好。 试验田里的竹子每公顷年产7t干竹秆,欧洲其它地区要高一些, 相似文献
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大湖竹种园丛生竹种的收集及其耐寒性评价研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
连续4 a调查分析了永安大湖竹种园所收集的丛生竹种的冻害情况,并对其与耐寒性有关的细胞膜透性,SOD、POD、PPO活性、可溶性糖含量和膜脂不饱和脂肪酸等生理指标进行了测定。分析结果表明:竹属的孝顺竹及其变种、青皮竹及其变种、慈竹属的慈竹、金丝慈竹等21个丛生竹种的耐寒能力较强,在永安地区能够安全越冬和生长;丛生竹的叶片细胞膜透性、不饱和脂肪酸含量、PPO酶活性均与竹种的耐寒性显著相关,可以作为丛生竹种耐寒性鉴定的一个重要指标。耐寒性较高的竹种,如孝顺竹、椽竹等也具有较强的抗氧化酶活性,较高的可溶性糖含量和不饱和脂肪酸相对含量,但要作为一个耐寒性鉴定指标还有待于深入研究。 相似文献
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阳春三月，在融安县雅瑶乡到处都可见到忙于种竹的民兵。雅瑶乡以盛产竹子而远近闻名，素有“毛竹之乡”称谓，境内有毛竹、假捕竹、篙分及各种笋用竹等ZO多种。雅瑶人用竹子加工制造出来的竹席、竹垫、竹帘等产品远销区内外，使雅瑶人大获“竹”利抓住这个优势，该乡党委、政府向全乡民兵发出号召，搞以民兵为主体的突击性战术，大力发展竹子，并及时调整林种结构，把目光投向经济效益高、生长周期短的假搞竹、篙竹和毛竹。对河边、沟边、村边、屋边、被边、地边进行统一规化，力争在三四年内全面实现以竹子资源为主的经济林生产规模，并… 相似文献
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世界农用林业中心（ICRAF）在东非的科学家最近开始关注利用竹子进行生态恢复和增加收入。竹子是世界上生长力最强、生长速度最快的一种木本植物。然而，在非洲，由于对它缺乏认识，竹子还是一种待开发的资源。近年，全球以竹代木的产品贸易量激增，如竹地板、竹胶合板、竹家具和竹雕等，预计竹制品的年产值达20亿美元。在亚洲，竹子被大量用于筷子生产和建筑领域。在肯尼亚，竹子在取代阔叶材和针叶材用于雕刻方面具有很大潜力。[第一段] 相似文献
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Container-grown seedlings of red oak (Quercus rubra L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) in their first year of growth were overwintered outdoors. Tolerance of roots and stems to freezing was compared from late summer to the following spring. Mitotic activity in the apical bud was related more closely to air temperature than to bud dormancy as defined by days to bud break. In all species, stem hardening was observed before days to bud break reached a maximum. Dormancy release (days to bud break equal to zero) of yellow birch coincided with loss of stem hardening in the spring. Roots hardened more slowly, had a lower frost tolerance than stems in fall and winter, and dehardened earlier than stems in the spring. There were differences in stem and root hardiness among the species, with yellow birch being the most tolerant, followed by sugar maple and red oak. Primarily because of root sensitivity to frost, winter was a critical period for all three species, but particularly for red oak. 相似文献
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Two-year-old Fagus sylvatica L. seedlings were subjected to natural winter chilling or were overwintered in a heated greenhouse. Plants were then grown in controlled environment chambers with photoperiods of 9 or 13 h. Renewal of bud growth was found to be mainly determined by winter chilling. There was a slight interaction between chilling and photoperiod. Sprouting of apical buds took two to three times as long in unchilled plants as in chilled plants. Shoot elongation was influenced by chilling and was also greater in the 13-h photoperiod than in the 9-h photoperiod, but this may have been due at least in part to the higher irradiance. Chilling resulted in rapid dormancy loss and changed the growth pattern from basitonal to acrotonal. 相似文献
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枣树黄刺蛾的发生与防治 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为有效控制枣树黄枣蛾的为害，连续几年对该虫扫生与防治进行了系统研究。研究结果看出，黄刺蛾在兰溪市1年发生2代，并以老熟幼虫在枝干上结茧越冬，在防治策略上采取主治第1代，控制第2代，在冬季剪除枝干上黄刺蛾的越冬茧，并在1－2龄幼虫期喷药，能收到预期效果。 相似文献
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梨小食心虫越冬规律调查及防治 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
梨小食心虫越冬代幼虫脱果之后,大部分在越冬期间死亡,成活的幼虫多在树干0.5m 以下树基阳面越冬,地面越冬成活较少。越冬幼虫的防治以绑草环诱杀和涂毒灰熏杀及喷白僵菌悬液防治较为有效。 相似文献
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佛州龟蜡蚧Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock是严重危害天竺桂Cinnamomum japonicum的重要害虫。该虫在福建尤溪1 a发生2代,以第2代孕卵雌成虫越冬,少量以未孕卵雌成虫和3龄若虫越冬。第1代雌虫产卵、孵化盛期分别为8月上旬和8月下旬;第2代雌虫产卵、孵化盛期分别为4月中旬和5月上、中旬。孤雌生殖。第1,2代雌虫平均产卵量分别为222.8,145.6粒,卵平均孵化率为93.8%和95.5%。1龄若虫期和成虫孕卵前期是防治的有利时机,防治的最适时间为每年的5月中旬,最迟不超过7月中旬。 相似文献
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Bud burst and dormancy release of latitudinal ecotypes of Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh. from Denmark ( approximately 56 degrees N), mid-Norway ( approximately 64 degrees N) and northern Norway ( approximately 69 degrees N) were studied in controlled environments. Dormant seedlings were chilled at 0, 5 or 10 degrees C from October 4 onward and then, at monthly intervals from mid-November to February, batches of seedlings were held at 15 degrees C in an 8-h (SD) or 24-h (LD) photoperiod to permit flushing. A decline in days to bud burst occurred with increasing chilling time in all ecotypes. In November, after 44 chilling days, time to bud burst was least in plants chilled at 0 and 5 degrees C. The difference diminished with increasing chilling time, and in February, after 136 chilling days, bud burst was earliest in plants chilled at 10 degrees C. Long photoperiods during flushing significantly reduced thermal time after short chilling periods (44 and 74 days), but had no effect when the chilling requirement was fully met after 105 or more chilling days. No significant difference in these responses was found between the two species. In both species, chilling requirement decreased significantly with increasing latitude of origin. Bud burst was normal in seedlings overwintered at 12 degrees C, but was erratic and delayed in seedlings overwintered at 15 and especially at 21 degrees C, indicating that the critical overwintering temperature is between 12 and 15 degrees C. We conclude that there is little risk of a chilling deficit in birch under Scandinavian winter conditions even with a climatic warming of 7-8 degrees C. The likely effects of a climatic warming include earlier bud burst, a longer growing season and increased risk of spring frost injury, especially in high latitude ecotypes. 相似文献