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1.
辽宁省杂交育成大豆品种主要农艺性状的遗传改进   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  
辽宁省从１９６７年到１９９３年杂交育成大豆品种主要农艺性状遗传改进的趋势是：单株粒重、单株荚数、每荚粒数、单株粒数、百粒重、分枝荚数、分枝粒数、分枝粒重、茎粗增加，生育期、株高、倒伏度减少，其中单株粒重、单株荚数、单株粒数、生育期、株高、茎粗先期变化大而后期变化小，每荚粒数、百粒重、分枝荚数、分枝粒数、分枝粒重先期变化小而后期变化大；主茎节数、主茎荚数、每节荚数、主茎粒数、主茎粒重、生育后期、粒茎比呈先增后减趋势；节间长度、分枝数、生育前期、干茎重呈先减后增趋势  相似文献   

2.
黑龙江省及黄淮海地区大豆品种的遗传改进   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  
对黑龙江省和黄淮海地区不同时期有代表性的大豆品种进行比较研究,结果表明单株粒重、荚比、三四粒荚数、每节荚数、每荚粒数、百粒重、脂肪含量等性状与产量呈显著或极显著正相关,而倒伏性与产量呈极显著负相关。各地大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势在于抗倒伏性显著增强,单株粒重提高,每节荚数、每荚粒数增多,粒重增大,茎杆增粗,株高降低。  相似文献   

3.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):292-296
Abstract

The relationship between pod dehiscence and the position and moisture content of pods was examined in two soybean cultivars, Fukuyutaka and Keito-daizu. The frequency of pod dehiscence at different parts of the stem was assessed by the strain-gauge method. Pods of the two cultivars were classifi ed into indehiscent, dehiscent (dehisced by the strain-gauge method) and naturally dehiscent pods. The moisture content of pods was measured after drying in a hot-air oven at 105±1°C for 24 hrs. In both Fukuyutaka and Keito-daizu, the pods at maturity were not dehisced at any part of the stem due to the high moisture content of pods. After maturity, the frequency of pod dehiscence at the upper part of the stem increased as the moisture content of pods decreased in both Fukuyutaka and Keito-daizu. A similar tendency was observed in both the fi eld and the pot experiments. The frequency of pod dehiscence was higher at the upper part of the stem and increased as the moisture content of pods decreased.  相似文献   

4.
Changes in the concentrations of vicine, convicine and L-DOPA in two cultivars ofVicia faba L. seeds in different stages of pod development were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The vicine and convincine conent was highest in fresh green cotyledons (moisture content about 80%) and gradually declined until a constant level was reached when seed dry matter percentage was around 40%. A similar pattern of variation in glucoside concentration was observed for the seed coat. The pods contained neither vicine nor convicine but they were particularly rich in L-DOPA. These compounds were not homogeneously distributed in the seeds.  相似文献   

5.
初花期干旱对甘蓝型油菜生理和农艺性状的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
初花期是油菜生殖生长的关键时期。为研究干旱对这一时期油菜的影响,在人工控水条件下(当土壤含水量为田间持水量的45%~50%时计为干旱胁迫开始,处理持续10d,然后复水;CK正常灌水,保持田间持水量在80%~85%),利用4个具有不同耐旱性的甘蓝型油菜品种浔油8号、阳光2009、浙油50和华油杂13号,研究生理特性、农艺性状和产量的变化。结果表明,在干旱胁迫10d后,耐旱性品种(浔油8号和阳光2009)的叶片SPAD值、可溶性蛋白质、MDA含量变幅不大,可溶性糖含量小幅下降,CAT酶活性小幅增加,游离脯氨酸含量显著增加(其中浔油8号和阳光2009分别比对照增加了4.1倍和2.9倍)。相比之下,敏感性品种(浙油50和华油杂13号)的叶片SPAD值、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量均显著减少,MDA含量显著增加,CAT酶活性变幅不大,游离脯氨酸含量显著增加,但增幅小于耐旱品种。初花期干旱影响油菜的主要农艺性状和产量,表现为敏感性品种的株高、一次分枝数、相对分枝高、主花序长、主花序角果数、角果长、单株角果数、角果粒数和单株产量均显著下降,而且降幅明显大于耐旱性品种。  相似文献   

6.
Anti-nutritional factors of developing seeds and pod walls of fenugreek were evaluated which affect their nutritional value. Sucrose, raffinose and stachyose decreased with maturity of seeds in all the cultivars. Total, non-reducing sugars increased and reducing sugars decreased at maturity in all the cultivars. The reducing sugars decreased with maturity of pod walls. The flatus producing sugars were maximum in PEB pod walls. Saponin content increased towards maturity of seeds but decreased at maturity of seeds and decreased at maturity in pod walls of all cultivars. Phytate increased with seed maturity up to 95 days after anthesis, while phytate decreased in pod walls of all the cultivars with maturity. Total phenol, catechol and flavonol decreased with advancement of pod wall development. Total phenol decreased except HM 46 a maturity of seeds.  相似文献   

7.
Greenhouse and field experiments were carried out to study the seed development and seed yield potential of three populations of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). These included an ecotype (Bb 1276) collected in the Lombardy Plain region of northern Italy, cv. Tribune, which was derived from this ecotype, and cv. Lemtal, a widely used cultivar from Belgium. Artificial seed shedding techniques in the green-house study showed that Bb 1276 began shedding seed at a higher moisture content than cv. Tribune which in turn was higher than cv. Lemtal. The pattern and rate of shedding was similar for all three populations and generally Bb 1276 and cv. Tribune gave a greater proportion of shed seed than cv. Lemtal. Although the pattern of decline in seed moisture content was similar for all three populations, generally cv. Lemtal had a higher moisture content than cv. Tribune with Bb 1276 the lowest. Cultivar Lemtal had the highest mean 1000 seed weight, and Bb 1276 the lowest, with cv. Tribune intermediate. The field study involving cv. Tribune and cv. Lemtal showed that with the exception of 1000 seed weight, which for cv. Tribune was some 6% lower than that of cv. Lemtal, all the seed yield components were similar. Seed yields taken every 3 days after the standing crop had reached 50% moisture content showed that both cultivars increased in yield until harvest 3. After this date the seed yield of cv. Lemtal remained stable up to harvest 5 while that of cv. Tribune declined. The maximum seed yield of cv. Tribune was achieved at a seed moisture content of 42·9% while that of cv. Lemtal remained stable from 42·3% to 37·5%. The seed moisture content of the two cultivars again showed a similar pattern of decline but it was not possible to show consistent differences between cv. Lemtal and cv. Tribune. The 1000 seed weight of cv. Tribune was lower than that of cv. Lemtal, and the maximum seed weight of cv. Tribune appeared to be achieved earlier. Germination counts taken after harvest showed both populations exhibiting a high level of post harvest dormancy. Later counts taken 3 months after harvest were significantly higher than those taken earlier and there were no differences between cultivars or harvests. The results are discussed in relation to the potential for selecting for improved seed yield potential in Lolium multiflorum Lam. Populations from northern Italy and suggestions are made for maximizing the harvested seed yield of cv. Tribune.  相似文献   

8.
To study the effect of co-inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Rhizobium, on yield and yield components of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars was investigated in 2 consecutive years under field condition of plant growing evidence indicates that soil beneficial bacteria can positively affect symbiotic performance of rhizobia. PGPR strains Pseudomonas fluorescens P-93 and Azospirillum lipoferum S-21 as well as two highly effective Rhizobium strains were used in this study. Common bean seeds of three cultivars were inoculated with Rhizobium singly or in a combination with PGPR to evaluate their effect on growth characters. A significant variation of plant growth in response to inoculation with Rhizobium strains was observed. Treatment with PGPR significantly increased pod per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of 100 seed, weight of seeds per plant, weight of pods per plant, total dry matter in R6 as well as seed yield and protein content. Co-inoculation with Rhizobium and PGPR demonstrated a significant increase in the yield and yield components. The results showed that all treatments of bacteria increased yield; however, strains Rb-133 with Pseudomonas fluorescens P-93 gave the highest seed yield, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seed, seed protein yield, number seed per pod, seed protein yield.  相似文献   

9.
敌草快对成熟期油菜脱水和种子质量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为适应机械化收获对种子成熟的要求,研究化学催熟剂敌草快对油菜角果脱水和种子质量的影响,选用甘蓝型油菜品种阳光2009在油菜成熟期进行田间喷施敌草快试验,测定菜籽含水量、发芽率、千粒重、品质和敌草快残留。结果表明:于油菜角果黄熟期主花序角果转色时用1.8L/hm2的敌草快水剂喷施处理6d,与自然成熟(喷施等量清水)的对照组和人工割晒组相比,油菜脱水效果显著,角果和籽粒含水量分别为7.8%和10.49%;与对照组相比,角果和籽粒含水量分别下降52.66%和24.84%。该浓度处理下对油菜发芽率、千粒重及品质均未产生显著影响,其中发芽率达99%,贮藏2周的油菜种子中敌草快残留量为0.13mg/kg,符合中国和英国的安全标准;贮藏3周未检测到敌草快残留。建议加快敌草快在油菜催枯用途方面的农药登记,推进我国油菜全程机械化技术的应用。  相似文献   

10.
Three winged bean varieties (UPS 31, 121 and 122) were grown in randomised blocks in the UPNG Agriculture Garden under two levels of nitrogren fertilizer and harvested at weekly intervals until maturity. While whole pods reached their maximum length, width and limit of suitability as a green vegetable by 21 days after anthesis, the crude fat, protein and fibre contents continued to increase further on a fresh weight basis with the ratio of pod case to seed fat and protein decreasing on a dry weight basis. The reverse was true when fibre was considered. There was a very small effect from increased N fertilizer level on fat, protein and fibre contents. There was little difference in nutrient content between varieties except that UPS 31 contained more fibre. UPS 122 showed the greatest pod length, number of seeds per pod and seed weight, followed by UPS 121, then UPS 31; the same order was apparent when ripe seed fat and protein yields were considered. The potential of winged bean as a vegetable, grain legume and oilseed crop is discussed in terms of projected commercial outlay and nutritional advantages.  相似文献   

11.
以长江中游地区夏大豆品种资源中随机抽取的９４个品种为材料，运用典型相关分析方法研究品种的蛋白质含量、油分含量、产量性状及其它农艺性状间的相互纲时利用通径分析方法研究产量、产量构成因素及与形态及生育期性状之间的关系。主要结果是：产量与产量构成因素之关系较大，与形态数量性状之关系次之，与生育期性状之关系较小。产量构成三因素中以荚数／株、百粒重对产量，生育前期及分枝数对荚数／株，生育前期及生育后期长短对  相似文献   

12.
《Field Crops Research》2002,78(1):65-74
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is widely grown as a forage crop due to its good quality characteristics and high adaptability. However, seed yield is generally considered to be of secondary importance and is characterized by fluctuating yields with often poor seed quality. A field experiment using five alfalfa cultivars (Equipe, Iside, Lodi, Robot, Romagnola) was carried out in 1995, 1996 and 1997 at Foggia (southern Italy) to evaluate the effects of four defoliation practices (H1: crop mown during early plant growth; H2: plant desiccation by chemical agent at the end of February; H3: crop mown at early flowering; H4: never cut) and two irrigation treatments (I: irrigation applied from April to beginning of seed filling; NI: non-irrigated control) on seed yield, seed yield components and seed quality (as determined by seed germination with and without accelerated ageing (AA)). The relationships between yield components (stems per m2, pods per stem, seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight) were determined by path-coefficient analysis. Irrigation significantly increased seed yield; on average doubling the control yield over the three seasons. However, the potential seed yield (calculated from seed yield components) was, on average, five times the actual seed yield. The two mowing treatments produced consistently higher seed yields than either desiccated or untreated swards. Cultivar differences were evident for seed yield, with Equipe having the highest value (40% higher than the mean of the other cultivars). Irrigation improved the yield primarily because it led on average a greater than four fold increase in the density of stems (the most influential yield component). By contrast, seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight increased in the absence of irrigation. Defoliation treatments had little effect on stems per m2, seeds per pod and seed weight, whereas pods per stem were reduced by desiccation. Path analyses calculated across irrigation treatments and years revealed that stems per m2 had the largest positive direct effect on alfalfa seed yield under each harvest management (path-coefficient values ≥0.89), and its indirect effects on seed yield via other traits were negligible. Seed quality, as measured by germination percentage both before and after AA, remained relatively consistent across both defoliation and irrigation treatments and cultivars, but was anomalously low in the 1997 irrigated crops. Overall, the highest seed yields were obtained under irrigated conditions when crops were mown during early growth or at early flowering. The potential seed yield of alfalfa varieties is sufficient to guarantee a profitable seed harvest. However, the harvest efficiency of the combine-harvester was low (20% of the potential seed yield); thus, more appropriate harvest techniques should be used.  相似文献   

13.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):373-382
Abstract

The varietal difference of pod dehiscence in 25 soybean cultivars consisting of 16 Japanese and 9 Thai cultivars was examined at 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after placing in a desiccator (desiccator method) and 2, 4 and 7 hrs after placing in an oven at 60ºC (oven-dried method). The cultivars examined were divided into susceptible and resistant groups according to the degree of pod dehiscence. Most of the Japanese cultivars (excepting Suzuotome) and NS1 were susceptible while most of the Thai cultivars (excepting NS1) and Suzuotome were resistant to dehiscence. The degrees of pod dehiscence measured by the desiccator and oven-dried methods were nearly the same, and the moisture content of the pods not dehisced was always higher than that of the dehisced pod. The effect of ambient humidity on pod dehiscence was examined in five soybean cultivars SJ5, Shirotae, Tamahomare, CM60 and Fukuyutaka. When the pods were exposed to 15 or 25% relative humidity (RH), the pods of susceptible cultivars, Shirotae, Tamahomare and Fukuyutaka, started to dehisce at 24 hrs after the start of the treatment, but those of resistant cultivars, SJ5 and CM60, did not dehisce for 72 hrs. None of the cultivars dehisced under 50 and 60% RH. These results revealed that placing the pods in the desiccator for 14 days (desiccator method) or exposing the pods to 60ºC for 7 hrs in an oven (oven-dried method) were useful methods for checking the degree of dehiscence.  相似文献   

14.
The performance of seven mutants of mungbean along with parental types was studied at 41 different sites in three summer crop seasons from 1980 to 1982. The performance of mutants was also studied in spring in the fallow period preceding cotton, and in early summer in the fallow period between wheat harvest and rice/maize planting, to assess their suitability of growing as a catch-crop in these fallows.

The mutants yielded significantly higher and matured 2–4 weeks earlier than parental types, leaving sufficient time to sow the succeeding crops. The mutants were characteristically short-statured, and superior to their parents with respect to number of pods per plant, seed weight, harvest index and productivity per day, but similar in numbers of seeds per pod and seed protein content.

The stability of yield was estimated through regression analysis. Significant genotypic differences were observed among mutants and varieties. Some mutants were widely adapted whereas others performed better in favourable environments. The parental types tended to respond well under poor environments.

Owing to their higher yield potential, early and uniform maturity, and wide adaptability, four mutants were approved as commercial varieties in 1986. These mutants yield 30–50% higher than the parents, mature in 55–70 days, and are suited to both summer and spring crop seasons. Of these four mutants, two can be grown in the fallow period between wheat harvest and rice/maize planting. Because of their determinate plant type, non-shattering pod and top fruit-bearing habit, these mutants are also amenable to intercropping practices and mechanised harvesting operations.

The role of induced mutations for the improvement of mungbean is discussed.  相似文献   


15.
为了解2018年山东省花生主产区土壤及收获后花生荚果黄曲霉菌及黄曲霉毒素的污染情况,在烟台、青岛、临沂、泰安、枣庄及菏泽等花生主要产区进行土壤、花生荚果的采样,对土壤、荚果果壳、花生籽仁的黄曲霉菌检出率进行统计并对籽仁中黄曲霉毒素的含量进行测定。结果表明：不同产区土壤中黄曲霉菌的检出率为3.33%~33.33%;花生果壳中黄曲霉菌的检出率为10.89%~27.78%;花生籽仁中黄曲霉菌的检出率为3.11%~11.56%;花生籽仁中黄曲霉毒素的浓度为5.01~26.80 μg/kg。数据分析得出：花生籽仁中黄曲霉毒素的含量与土壤中黄曲霉菌的检出率呈极强的相关性;与花生果壳和籽仁中黄曲霉菌的检出率呈中等程度相关。本研究对解析花生种植区黄曲霉菌及黄曲霉毒素污染发生原因,精准预警与防控,提高农产品质量安全有重要意义。  相似文献   

16.
合丰号大豆主要推广品种农艺性状的改进与变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
郭泰 《大豆科学》2001,20(1):75-78
本文通过对1959--195年合丰号大豆15个主要推广品种农艺性状遗传改进的研究，结果表明：单株粒重、单株荚数、单株粒数、主茎荚数、每节荚数、主茎粒重、粒茎比随着年代的推进呈先减后增的趋势；每荚粒数随着年代的推进减增交替进行；生育期前期早、中前期晚，后期比较适中；百粒重、株高、分枝数、生育前期随着年代的推进呈先增后减的趋势；茎粗、生育后期呈前期和后期增加，中期减少的趋势；干茎重、秆的强度随着年代推进呈增加的趋势；分枝粒数中期以前和后期减少，中后期增加；分枝荚数、分枝粒重随着年代的推进增减交替进行；底荚高度随着年代推进呈降低趋势；节间长度前、后期短，中期长；主茎节数变化不大，后期较多。  相似文献   

17.
The chemical and toxicological composition of ten wild legumes collected in Yucatan, Mexico was determined. For each species the whole fruit, (seed and pod), were studied as well as the seed and pod separately. A higher protein content was found in the seeds ofA. lebbeck andP. saman (37.07 and 37.60% respectively). In the seeds ofL. longystilus, C. yucatanensis andP. keyense a high concentration of fat was found, especially in the first with 31.34%. A high quantity of fiber was found in the pods. In general, the samples were rich in lysine (especially seeds) and scant in sulfur amino acids and tryptophan. All the samples showed high concentration of potassium and calcium. Some of them exhibited significant concentrations of iron. The pods ofP. saman and P. keyense showed a high content of lectins. In the seeds ofC. yucatanensis and in the pod ofP. keyense high concentrations of trypsin inhibitors were found 60 and 406.7 TUI/mg sample respectively. The presence of saponins, was detected in seven samples, of which the seed ofP. keyense had the highest concentration. Alkaloids were found only in the whole fruit and pod ofP. saman and cyanogenic glucosides were present inA. pennatula. In general terms, the whole legume showed better digestibility than the pods alone.  相似文献   

18.
The dynamics of flowering and pod set of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) was evaluated in two greenhouse experiments with a girdled node system. Plants (cv. Elgin 87) were grown in 3.0 l pots filled with a soil–vermiculite mixture (2:1, v/v) and the main stem below node seven (node one was node with unifolioliate leaves) (one-node treatment) or node five (three-node treatment) was girdled when the first flower opened at node seven. The main stem above node seven was removed as were the leaves at nodes five and six on the three-node treatment. Flower production, from daily counts of open flowers, followed a bi-modal distribution with the first cohort representing flowers on the main raceme while the second cohort contained flowers from sub-branches. Pods ≥10 mm long were marked with acrylic paint and the color was changed every 2 or 3 days to define at maturity when the surviving pods were initiated. The initiation of surviving pods followed the same pattern as flowers, and pods in the first cohort had nearly 100% survival while second cohort generally had survival rates <60%. Initial development of pods in the second cohort coincided with lower concentrations of stem sugars and a rapid increase in pods with ≥3 mm seeds. The three-node treatment had more flowers and pods in the first cohort and more pods at maturity. Utilization of large amounts of assimilate by rapidly growing early pods may contribute to the high levels of abortion of late developing flowers and pods. Thus, synchronous flowering may increase pod set by decreasing this competition between early and late developing pods.  相似文献   

19.
将诸葛菜作为油料作物进行引种栽培，并对诸葛菜栽培条件下各农艺性状间的相关关系和单株产量构成因素进行了回归和通径分析。结果表明，在诸葛菜单株产量的直接构成因素中，贡献最大的是全株角果数，其次是每角粒数，再次是千粒重。一次有效分校数对单株产量的直接作用较小，但通过全株角果数的间接作用超过了每角粒数和千粒重的直接作用。其余性状与单株产量无显著偏相关，对单株产量的偏回归系数和通径系数也不显著。  相似文献   

20.
《Field Crops Research》2004,85(2-3):203-211
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important food crop grown under rainfed conditions in Latin America where drought is a major limiting factor for production. The objective of this study was to assess the role of phenological adjustment and shoot biomass distribution on seed yield of drought-stressed common bean. Four cultivars differing in growth habit, gene pool origin, and contrasting responses under drought, were tested during 2001 at two locations in Mexico: Cotaxtla, Veracruz (lowlands) where the effect of terminal drought (TD) (end-of-season) was evaluated, and Texcoco, State of Mexico (highlands), where the effects of intermittent and terminal drought were evaluated. Seed yield, plant shoot biomass, and days to flowering and to physiological maturity were recorded. Leaf relative water content (RWC) was recorded after the onset of the intermittent drought (ID) treatment in Texcoco. The drought intensity index was 0.37 in Cotaxtla compared to 0.49 and 0.58 under TD and ID, respectively in Texcoco. Days to flowering and to physiological maturity showed a negative and significant relationship with seed yield. Under drought stress, a significant reduction in the harvest index was observed in susceptible cultivars. All cultivars showed higher values of shoot biomass accumulation, pod and seed number, seed weight and RWC at the basal nodes of the plant across locations and moisture treatments. Cultivar Pinto Villa exhibited the highest biomass accumulation and seed yield across treatments and locations. Significant reduction in number of days to maturity was observed under drought, mainly in resistant cultivars, Pinto Villa and G4523. Maturity acceleration, coupled with a high seed filling rate, contributed to lessen the impact of drought stress in resistant common bean cultivars.  相似文献   

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