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持续碳封存的竹产业 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
正世界上约15亿人口的生活与竹子密切相关,竹子在改善全球生态、消除贫困、推动经济发展等方面具有重要意义。竹子生长快,一次性种植,永续利用,具有巨大的碳汇减排潜力;同时,在用材和生物能源开发方面潜力巨大。根据2017年出版的《World Checklist of Bamboo and Rattan》(世界竹藤名录)统计,全球有竹类植物88属,1642种,面积约3200多万公顷,约占世界森林面积的4%,资源极为丰富。其中,中国拥有竹类植物39属837种,面积约占全球竹林面积的20%,是世界上竹资源最丰富的国家。进一步提高全球竹资源的育种、培育和加工利用的科技水平,带动竹子领域的人才培养、科学研究、成果转化和产业发展,对于改善全 相似文献
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竹类资源加工及其利用前景无限 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
竹类资源加工的特点
中国是世界竹类资源最丰富的国家。世界有竹类植物50多属、1200多种．中国有40多属、500多种，种植资源竹十分丰富。中国竹林面积居世界第一位．竹林面积达484．26万公顷，（其中经济利用价值较高、集中成片分布的毛竹林面积337．20万公顷）：竹林面积占国土面积0．5％，占森林面积2．8％．毛竹产量7．23亿根，篙竹产量4．29亿根．竹材总产量达11．52亿根。竹类植物具有一次造林成功，科学地加以经营，即可年年择伐．永续利用而不破坏生态环境．这是所有木本植物都不具有的特点。因此开发利用好竹类资源对于促进我国山区经济的发展和维护生态环境都具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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西双版纳自然分布竹类资源19属60种,天然竹林面积14 317hm2,占西双版纳总面积的5.92%是中国乃至世界上竹类资源最为丰富的地区之一。中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园从20世纪60年代初就开始进行竹类资源的种类与分布、人工栽培与利用以及迁地保护等方面研究,并在园内建立了一个面积为8 hm2竹类资源迁地保护区。到目前为止,已从中国热区和东南亚国家收集保存竹类资源27属211种,现已有11种开花结果,用其种子繁殖育苗并栽培同一区内,长势较好,该竹类资源的迁地保护已成为中国从事竹类资源植物研究与保护的重要基地,并为地方经济的发展提供重要的资源贮备。 相似文献
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云南是世界竹亚科植物种类最多、生态类型和天然竹林最丰富的地区之一。本文对云南竹类植物多样性的5个特征，即珍稀种质资源多样性、区系地理成分多样性、天然竹林类型多样性、生态竹林景观多样性、少数民族竹文化多样性进行了系统研究，论述了与周边地区(东南亚、南亚次大陆、珠江流域、长江流域和喜马拉稚山区等)的密切联系，提出了加强云南竹类植物多样性保护和利用的相关措施。作者建议将开发利用价值较高的世界性珍稀濒危竹种列入我国保护植物名录，由国家自然科学基金立项资助进行专题研究，并给予专项资金在全国建成三大种质资源引种保存和试验研究基地。 相似文献
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我国竹业开发的现状与问题 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
竹类植物起源于热带，具有广泛的适应性。据统计，全世界约有70余属，1200种。我国福建、湖南、浙江、江西等12个省167个县，分布着34属，400余种竹子，竹林面积379万hm’，约占世界竹林的1／4，占全国森林的2．8％左右。l竹业开发现状竹业开发现状，概括成一个字就是，热。福建建欧市，1995年有竹林面积6．94万hm’，比1989年净增0．73万hm’；立竹总量165亿株，比1989年增长87．5％，竹业总产值4．65亿元，是1989年的19．4倍。浙江安吉县，有竹林5．73万hm’，1988年，日本大荣株式会社与港口乡合资1000万元创办了第一家有规模的水煮笋加… 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献