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1.
猪粪中3种四环素类抗生素在土壤中的动态变化及降解途径 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用室内模拟培养试验,研究了180 d内不同用量猪粪中3种四环素类抗生素（TCs）（包括四环素TTC,土霉素OTC,金霉素CTC）在土壤中降解的动态变化规律及降解途径。结果表明,猪粪中3种四环素类抗生素进入土壤后含量均呈现前期迅速下降,中后期减缓的规律,但不同种类和用量处理的变化速率和减少幅度有显著差异（P0.05）。180d时,猪粪处理土壤中的降解率为金霉素土霉素四环素,平均半衰期为17.43d、31.32d、49.48d。降解率与猪粪用量呈负相关,同培养时间呈正相关。猪粪中抗生素在土壤中的降解率要高于纯品抗生素,降解率的增加以外源微生物降解为主,外源微生物降解对四环素的作用最好。综上所述,随着培养时间的延长,猪粪中四环素类抗生素在土壤中能随微生物降解等作用而逐渐减少,但短期内仍可能产生环境危害。 相似文献
2.
壤和堆肥中四环素类抗生素的检测方法优化及其在土壤中的降解研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在对土霉素（OTC）、四环素（TC）和金霉素（CTC）3 种四环素类抗生素的高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测分析方法以及在土壤和堆肥中的提取方法进行改进和优化的基础上,采用该方法进行了 3 种抗生素在土壤中的降解试验。结果表明,选用 Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8（4.6150 mm,5 m）色谱柱,以 0.01 mol/L草酸/乙腈/甲醇（79/10.5/10.5,v/v/v）为流动相,紫外检测波长 268 nm,流速 1.0 mL/min,进样量 5 L,采用外标法定量,可使 3 种四环素类抗生素在 20 min 内全部洗脱并达到基线分离; 在 0~10 mg/L 范围内,抗生素浓度与峰面积呈显著的线性关系,相关系数（r）均 0.999。土壤和堆肥样品中的 OTC、TC 和 CTC可用1 mol/L NaCl/0.5 mol/L 草酸/乙醇（25/25/50,v/v/v）混合溶液提取,其回收率在 76.0%~92.5% 之间。加入到土壤中的抗生素在 25℃下避光培养 49 d 后,在壤土和红土中的降解率分别是 67%~72% 和 36%~46%,对应的半衰期分别为 2630 d 和 4675 d,说明抗生素在壤土中比红土中容易降解。此外,3种抗生素在壤土中的半衰期没有显著性差异,而在红土中 CTC 和 TC 的降解速率显著高于 OTC。 相似文献
3.
《植物营养与肥料学报》2010,(5)
在对土霉素(OTC)、四环素(TC)和金霉素(CTC)3种四环素类抗生素的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测分析方法以及在土壤和堆肥中的提取方法进行改进和优化的基础上,采用该方法进行了3种抗生素在土壤中的降解试验。结果表明,选用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8(4.6×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以0.01 mol/L草酸/乙腈/甲醇(79/10.5/10.5,v/v/v)为流动相,紫外检测波长268 nm,流速1.0 mL/min,进样量5μL,采用外标法定量,可使3种四环素类抗生素在20 min内全部洗脱并达到基线分离;在0～10 mg/L范围内,抗生素浓度与峰面积呈显著的线性关系,相关系数(r)均0.999。土壤和堆肥样品中的OTC、TC和CTC可用1 mol/L NaCl/0.5 mol/L草酸/乙醇(25/25/50,v/v/v)混合溶液提取,其回收率在76.0%～92.5%之间。加入到土壤中的抗生素在25℃下避光培养49 d后,在壤土和红土中的降解率分别是67%～72%和36%～46%,对应的半衰期分别为26～30 d和46～75 d,说明抗生素在壤土中比红土中容易降解。此外,3种抗生素在壤土中的半衰期没有显著性差异,而在红土中CTC和TC的降解速率显著高于OTC。 相似文献
4.
医疗和养殖过程中抗生素的广泛使用导致了土壤环境中抗生素的污染。为了解进入农田土壤中抗生素的降解规律,该文以养殖业广泛使用的磺胺二甲嘧啶和2种不同养分水平的土壤为试验材料,采用盆栽方法研究了肥料种类(有机肥、NPK肥、N肥、PK肥等)、耕作强度(翻耕、免耕)、水分条件(长期干燥、长期湿润、干湿交替、长期潮湿)及种植作物(种植蔬菜、不种蔬菜)对土壤中磺胺二甲嘧啶降解的影响。结果表明,与不施肥处理比较,施用有机肥、NPK肥、N肥可促进土壤中磺胺二甲嘧啶在土壤中的降解,并以施用有机肥的效果最为明显;但施用PK肥对土壤中磺胺二甲嘧啶的降解影响不明显。翻耕可促进土壤中磺胺二甲嘧啶的降解,干湿交替、长期湿润比长期干燥和长期潮湿土壤环境下更有利于磺胺二甲嘧啶的降解。种植蔬菜比不种蔬菜土壤的磺胺二甲嘧啶的降解率高,根际土壤中磺胺二甲嘧啶的降解高于总体土壤。高养分土壤中磺胺二甲嘧啶的降解一般高于低养分土壤。分析认为,施肥、土壤养分水平、种植蔬菜对土壤中磺胺二甲嘧啶的降解的影响可能主要与这些因素改变了土壤微生物活性有关;翻耕可促进土壤中抗生素的光降解强度。研究认为,施肥、耕作和水分管理可以在一定程度上加速土壤中磺胺二甲嘧啶的降解。 相似文献
5.
近年来,环境介质中的抗生素污染问题日益严重,本文系统地回顾了近10年来中国土壤中抗生素赋存现状,其中磺胺类(sulfonamides,SAs)、氟喹诺酮类(fluoroquinolones,FQs)、四环素类(tetracyclines,TCs)和大环内酯类(macrolides,MLs)残留浓度较高,具有明显的地域性差异;同时对比评述了京津冀、长三角和珠三角地区土壤抗生素残留差异及污染来源,阐释了抗生素理化性质、土壤性质与土地利用类型和环境条件对土壤中抗生素残留的影响,并从微观污染机理和宏观污染调查两方面提出了今后的研究方向与发展重点,以为土壤抗生素污染机理认识与污染控制技术发展提供参考。 相似文献
6.
光催化降解沼液中四环素类抗生素效果及反应动力学研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
该文采用光催化降解途径探究沼液中四环素类抗生素降解的最佳光源、pH值以及光催化对不同初始质量浓度抗生素的降解效果,同时进行不同初始浓度、pH值条件下抗生素光催化降解动力学研究。结果表明:不同光源对四环素类抗生素的降解效果为:高压汞灯紫外消毒灯长弧氙灯无光。高压汞灯催化2 h后,四环素、土霉素、金霉素的降解率分别达到91.68%、85.58%、81.18%。四环素类抗生素的初始质量浓度越低,光催化效果越好。四环素、土霉素、金霉素初始质量浓度为5 mg/L时,其降解率最高可达94.80%、88.35%和95.39%,沼液初始pH值对四环素、金霉素的降解率影响存在显著性差异(P0.05)。当pH值为6时,四环素的降解率最大为96.16%,反应速率常数为1.5971h-1,半衰期为0.355 3 h;当pH值为10时,金霉素的降解率最大为90.47%,反应速率常数为1.084 4 h-1,半衰期为0.338 3 h。沼液初始pH值对土霉素的降解率影响无显著差异(P0.05)。当pH值为10时,3种抗生素的平均降解率最大为89.88%。采用高压汞灯在沼液初始pH值为10时,催化降解5 mg/L四环素类抗生素效果最佳。 相似文献
7.
四环素类抗生素降解菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了获得四环素类抗生素的高效降解菌,从长期受四环素类抗生素污染的土壤中分离、重复驯化筛选得到6株对四环素类抗生素具有降解能力的菌株;采用高效液相色谱法研究了6株降解菌的降解效果,并通过形态、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析对其进行鉴定。结果表明,菌株TJ-2#对土霉素、四环素和金霉素3种四环素类抗生素的降解效果最好,降解率分别为58.3%、63.9%和65.5%,TJ-6#其次;6株降解菌均能以四环素类抗生素作为唯一碳源生长。经形态、生理生化特征及16S rDNA鉴定,菌株TJ-2#为木糖氧化无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp.),TJ-6#为枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus sp.)。本研究结果对四环素类抗生素的生物降解具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
8.
从浙江省杭州、嘉兴和绍兴等3个地级市采集了4种不同施肥方式下(分别为施用畜禽粪+化肥、商品有机肥+化肥、沼渣+化肥和单施化肥)的蔬菜地表层土壤样品44个,分析了4类8种抗生素(包括四环素类抗生素的土霉素、四环素和金霉素,喹诺酮类抗生素的恩诺沙星,磺胺类抗生素的磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺甲噁唑及大环内脂类抗生素的泰乐菌素)的残留情况,探讨了施肥方式对蔬菜地土壤中抗生素残留的影响。结果表明,蔬菜地土壤中抗生素的检出率和残留含量与施肥方式密切相关。8种检测的抗生素中土霉素的检出率和残留含量明显高于其他种类的抗生素,土霉素的平均含量占8种抗生素总量平均值的67.03%。抗生素的检出率和平均含量由高至低依次为:土霉素磺胺二甲嘧啶恩诺沙星四环素磺胺甲噁唑、泰乐菌素金霉素磺胺嘧啶;四环素类抗生素磺胺类抗生素。土壤中各类抗生素的检出率及含量均为施用畜禽粪的蔬菜地施用商品有机肥的蔬菜地施用沼渣的蔬菜地单施化肥的蔬菜地,施用畜禽粪的蔬菜地土壤中抗生素残留量明显高于其他蔬菜地。试验结果表明,畜禽粪是蔬菜地土壤抗生素的主要来源,商品有机肥和沼渣的施用对蔬菜地土壤中抗生素的残留也有一定的贡献。 相似文献
9.
《农产品质量与安全》2017,(4)
β-内酰胺类抗生素作为奶牛疾病治疗应用最广泛的药物,其残留带来的危害受到广泛关注。本文综合分析了牛乳中β-内酰胺类抗生素在奶牛临床的应用、残留、降解规律及其危害性,为进一步了解抗生素残留降解产物污染的循环链、污染防控及环境净化提供参考。 相似文献
10.
抗生素在土壤中的吸附行为研究进展 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
抗生素是畜禽养殖和水产养殖中常用的一类化学品,其使用量大,体内代谢率低,可通过畜禽粪便的农业施用直接进入土壤环境,在土壤中易残留,富集到一定水平就可能影响生态健康和安全.目前,抗生素污染最令人类担忧的风险是抗性基因和抗性病菌的滋生和传播.抗生素在土壤中的吸附作用是影响其持留、分布、迁移、转化及最终归趋的关键过程.本文选择四环素类、磺胺类、大环内酯类和喹诺酮类4类常用抗生素,论述了pH值、离子强度和金属离子、有机质以及其他土壤理化性质等因素对其吸附的影响,并对抗生素在土壤中的吸附机理进行了初步的探讨. 相似文献
11.
土壤中多环芳烃的微生物降解: 降解途径及其影响影子 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Adverse effects on the environment and high persistence in the microbial degradation and environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are motivating interest. Many soil microorganisms can degrade PAHs and use various metabolic pathways to do so. However, both the physio-chemical characteristics of compounds as well as the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils can drastically influence the degradation capacity of naturally occurring microorganisms for field bioremediation. Modern biological techniques have been widely used to promote the efficiency of microbial PAH-degradation and make the biodegradation metabolic pathways more clear. In this review microbial degradation of PAHs in soil is discussed, with emphasis placed on the main degradation pathways and the environmental factors affecting biodegradation. 相似文献
12.
Rates of degradation of seven organophosphate nematicides and insecticides were examined in two soils known to show accelerated biodegradation of fenamiphos and one soil known to show accelerated biodegradation of chlorpyrifos. The results indicated that several organophosphate insecticides and one nematicide were susceptible to cross-enhanced degradation in the soil showing accelerated biodegradation of chlorpyrifos. No cross-enhancement was observed in the two soils showing accelerated degradation of fenamiphos. Fumigation resulted in the complete inhibition of pesticide degradation in all soils. The data suggested that the cross-enhancement of selected pesticides in chlorpyrifos-degrading soil was dependent on the structural similarity of the compounds. Mechanisms of degradation of pesticide in soil support this hypothesis, where structurally similar compounds (diazinon, parathion, coumaphos and isazofos) were hydrolysed by microbial activity in chlorpyrifos-degrading soil but the degradation products were accumulated. Enhanced degradation of chlorpyrifos and fenamiphos was found to be stable in the laboratory condition for a period of one year. 相似文献
13.
暗棕壤中低分子有机酸的吸附与生物降解研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
低分子有机酸在森林生态系统中普遍存在,在根际和多种成土过程中发挥重要作用,但有机酸发挥作用的能力和效率与其在土壤中的吸附与降解等行为关系密切。本文研究了草酸、柠檬酸和苹果酸等低分子有机酸在森林暗棕壤A1层和B层的吸附及生物降解行为,结果表明,低分子有机酸加入到暗棕壤后迅速被土壤固相颗粒所吸附,其中对草酸的吸附远强于柠檬酸和苹果酸,三种低分子有机酸在暗棕壤A1层的吸附率强于B层;草酸、柠檬酸和苹果酸加入到森林暗棕壤后还能迅速被微生物降解,其中对草酸的降解远低于柠檬酸和苹果酸,暗棕壤对草酸较强的吸附作用可能是其生物降解率较低的主要原因,且三种低分子有机酸在A1层暗棕壤中的生物降解率高于B层。 相似文献
14.
Ferdi BRAHUSHI Fredrick Orori KENGARA SONG Yang JIANG Xin Jean Charles MUNCH WANG Fang 《土壤圈》2017,27(3):407-420
Chlorobenzenes (CBs) are a group of organic pollutants that pose a high environmental risk due to their toxicity,persistence and possible transfer in the food chain.Available data in literature show that CBs are detected in different environmental compartments such as soil,water,air and sediment.The widespread presence of CBs in the environment is related to their former extensive use in agriculture and industry.Some CBs are ranked in the list of priority pollutants by the Stockholm Convention,and their reduction or elimination from the environment is therefore of high importance.Environmental risk assessment of CBs requires knowledge on the role and importance of the main environmental fate processes,especially in soil.Furthermore,development of remediation strategies for reduction or elimination of CBs from the environment is related to the enhancement of fate processes that increase their dissipation in various environmental compartments.The main objectives of the current review were to present up-to-date data on fate processes of CBs in the soil environment and to explore possible remediation strategies for soils contaminated with CBs.Dechlorination of highly-chlorinated benzenes is the main degradation pathway under anaerobic conditions,leading to the formation of lower-chlorinated benzenes.Biodegradation of lower-chlorinated benzenes is well documented,especially by strains of adapted or specialized microorganisms.Development of techniques that combine dechlorination of highly-chlorinated benzenes with biodegradation or biomineralization of lower-chlorinated benzenes can result in useful tools for remediation of soils contaminated with CBs.In addition,immobilization of CBs in soil by use of different amendments is a useful method for reducing the environmental risk of CBs. 相似文献
15.
Patricia Österreicher-Cunha Jean Rémy Davée Guimarães Eurípedes do Amaral Vargas Jr. Maria Isabel Pais da Silva 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,181(1-4):303-317
In Brazil, gasoline is currently blended with ethanol and both compounds may contaminate the environment when spills occur. Ethanol preferential biodegradation delays gasoline degradation in the aquifer, as previously observed; in unsaturated soil a delayed recovery of culturable bacteria and removal of residues in the presence of ethanol suggest a similar situation. This study monitors microbial degrading activity in unsaturated soil with BTEX and BTEX-ethanol mixtures under tropical conditions as well as the effects of bioventing on contaminants degradation. Enzymatic activity was quantified by measuring fluorescein-diacetate hydrolysis by microorganisms, which determines total degrading activity in soil. As microbial enhanced activity may alter soil electromagnetic properties, soil dielectric constant shifts were monitored using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), while chemical analyses evaluated contamination residues throughout the experiment. Results suggest that ethanol delays BTEX biodegradation and that bioventing may compensate for this delay by providing oxygen for the continuation of microbial activity. Contamination and bioventing stimulated soil microbiota, while culturable populations were inhibited by contamination, showing soil toxicity. The presence of ethanol caused a higher and longer-lasting boost in enzymatic activity; TDR measurements did not follow these activity shifts, proving not to be an adequate tool for evaluating microbial activity in these experimental conditions. Residual BTEX were detected only in ethanol-containing non-ventilated soils after contamination. The set of results suggests that ethanol could delay BTEX degradation because of its constitutive degradation by soil microbiota, but this effect may be bypassed by bioventing. 相似文献
16.
PBDEs好氧微生物降解动力学过程及热力学机制研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是一种曾在全球范围内被广泛使用的溴代阻燃剂,具有半挥发性、生物蓄积性、神经毒性和内分泌干扰效应等,严重威胁生态环境和人体健康安全。本研究选择典型好氧降解菌伯克氏菌属LB400,对环境中普遍检出的中低溴联苯醚开展了降解动力学过程研究,探讨了外加碳源作为共代谢底物对降解性能的影响,模拟计算了降解中关键反应路径热力学状态函数性质变化,以揭示其与表观降解速率常数k之间的相关关系。结果表明:联苯作为共代谢底物时PBDEs的去除效率最高,在降解菌的作用下,0~120 h内中低溴代PBDEs均能够发生降解,降解过程符合一级反应动力学。羟基化反应可能是PBDEs微生物降解过程的速控步骤,相比于间/对位取代,活性氧自由基如·OH更倾向于攻击苯环碳原子的邻/间位置,这为揭示PBDEs好氧微生物降解的分子作用机制,促进土壤中高效好氧降解菌的选育与污染修复应用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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The increasing use of petroleum-derived fuels over the last few decades has subsequently augmented the risk of spills in the environment. Soil pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons (principally caused by leaks in pipelines and underground storage tanks) is one of the major sources of soil degradation. Once in soil, fuel hydrocarbons suffer from a wide variety of multiphase processes including transport (advection, diffusion, and dispersion) among and within phases (aqueous and non-aqueous liquid, gas, and soil solids), mass transfer among phases (volatilization, sorption, and solution), and other natural attenuation processes, such as biodegradation and plant uptake and metabolism. This review identifies and describes the major processes occurring in soil that have a significant influence on the environmental fate of petroleum hydrocarbons. The definition of the processes involved in pollutant migration and distribution in soil and the formulation of adequate equations using accurate parameters (e.g., diffusion coefficients, velocity of advective flows, and mass transfer coefficients) will allow prediction of the final fate of soil pollutants. In addition to transport and mass transfer processes, which are more widely studied, the incorporation of attenuation mechanisms driven by microorganisms and plants is essential to predict the final concentration of the pollutants in the whole multiphase scenario. This work underlines the importance of the determination of accurate parameters through the performance of laboratory and/or field-scale experiments to develop precise pollutant migration models. 相似文献
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噻虫嗪在农田土壤中环境行为的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
噻虫嗪是当前全球销售量最大的新烟碱类农药之一，随着噻虫嗪的广泛使用，噻虫嗪在土壤环境中的迁移转化和归宿问题成为研究热点。本文总结了噻虫嗪对陆生生物（蜜蜂、蚕、蚯蚓、鹌鹑）、水生生物（藻类、大型溞、斑马鱼等）以及土壤微生物的影响，系统综述了噻虫嗪在农田土壤中的残留、降解、吸附解析以及迁移与淋溶等环境行为及主要影响因素，并指出了噻虫嗪在农田土壤中环境行为相关研究存在的不足以及未来研究应该关注的重点和方向，以期为噻虫嗪的科学安全使用以及保障农田土壤生态环境健康提供科学依据。 相似文献
