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1.
The aim of this study is to investigate the simultaneous effect of pomegranate juice on components of the metabolic syndrome, including high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as an inflammatory index and glycemic and lipid profile indices in patients with metabolic syndrome. In a double- blind 2*2 crossover study, 30 individuals suffering from metabolic syndrome received a daily dose of 500 mL pomegranate juice for a period of one week. After one week of wash out period, they received a placebo for one week. Lipid profile, blood glucose control indices including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and hs-CRP were measured at the beginning and end of the study. To analyze the data, a repeated measure analysis of variance and a t-test were performed. The results indicated that in comparison to the placebo, pomegranate juice was more effective in reducing the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.00) and hs-CRP (p = 0.018). The level of triglyceride (p = 0.030) and very low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL-C) (p = 0.014) were increased after the consumption of pomegranate juice, as opposed to the baseline condition. The rest of lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBS), insulin, and HOMA-IR of the participants did not show any significant difference. Natural pomegranate juice supplementation lowered the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome as well as their blood hs-CRP. However, it also increased their triglyceride and VLDL-C.  相似文献   

2.
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plant is native from southern Mexico and northern Guatemala. Their seeds are a rich source of bioactive compounds which protect consumers against chronic diseases. Germination improves functionality of the seeds due to the increase in the bioactive compounds and associated antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to obtain functional flour from germinated chia seeds under optimized conditions with increased antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, GABA, essential amino acids, and dietary fiber with respect to un-germinated chia seeds. The effect of germination temperature and time (GT = 20–35 °C, Gt = 10–300 h) on protein, lipid, and total phenolic contents (PC, LC, TPC, respectively), and antioxidant activity (AoxA) was analyzed by response surface methodology as optimization tool. Chia seeds were germinated inside plastic trays with absorbent paper moisturized with 50 mL of 100 ppm sodium hypochlorite dissolution. The sprouts were dried (50 °C/8 h) and ground to obtain germinated chia flours (GCF). The prediction models developed for PC, LC, TPC, and AoxA showed high coefficients of determination, demonstrating their adequacy to explain the variations in experimental data. The highest values of PC, LC, TPC, and AoxA were obtained at two different optimal conditions (GT = 21 °C/Gt = 157 h; GT = 33 °C/Gt = 126 h). Optimized germinated chia flours (OGCF) had higher PC, TPC, AoxA, GABA, essential amino acids, calculated protein efficiency ratio (C-PER), and total dietary fiber (TDF) than un-germinated chia seed flour. The OGCF could be utilized as a natural source of proteins, dietary fiber, GABA, and antioxidants in the development of new functional beverages and foods.  相似文献   

3.
In addition to their favourable nutritional profile, legumes also contain a range of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds and phytosterols which may protect against chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Germination of some legume seeds has been previously reported to increase the concentration of the bioactive compounds. In this study, the effect of germination of Australian Sweet Lupin (ASL) seeds for 9 days on the concentration of some bioactive compounds and the radical scavenging activity in the resulting flour was determined. The concentration of total phenolic compounds in methanolic extracts of germinated ASL flour was determined using Folin Ciocalteu reagent and phytosterols in oil extracts were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. The methanolic and oil extracts were also used to determine radical scavenging activity toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. In the methanolic extracts of germinated ASL flour, phenolic contents and the antioxidant activity were significantly increased following germination (700 and 1400 %, respectively). Analysis of the oil extracts of germinated ASL flour revealed that the concentration of phytosterols and the antioxidant activity were also increased significantly compared to ungerminated ASL flour (300 and 800 %, respectively). The relative proportion of phytosterols in germinated ASL flour was: β-sitosterol (60 %), stigmasterol (30 %) and campesterol (10 %). Germination increases the concentration of bioactive compounds and the radical scavenging activity in the germinated ASL flour.  相似文献   

4.
The study was aimed at evaluating the effect of sprouting on nitrogenous constituents and mineral composition of cream pigeon pea seeds. After 48 and 96h of sprouting, there were increases in % moisture, crude protein, ash except during the 96 h; total nitrogen (TN), total non-protein nitrogen (TNPN); protein nitrogen (PN) and true protein nitrogen (TP). Sprouting caused increases in mineral levels except for phosphorus (P). Sprouting for 48 h offers greater advantage over 96 h.  相似文献   

5.
The methanolic extract of Cassia hirsuta L. seed materials, an underutilized food legume collected from India, was analyzed for antioxidant activity and health relevant functionality. The methanolic extract of raw seeds contained a total free phenolic content of 15.82?±?1.69 g catechin equivalent/100 g extract DM. Encouraging levels of ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP, 1,446 mmol Fe[II]/mg extract), inhibition of ß-carotene degradation (48.81%) and scavenging activity against DPPH (64.40%) and superoxide (43.78%) radicals were exhibited by the raw samples. Further, 83.11% of α-amylase and 62.79% of α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition characteristics under in vitro starch digestion bioassay were also recorded. Sprouting + oil-frying caused an apparent increase on the total free phenolic content and a significant improvement in the antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity of methanolic extract of C. hirsuta seeds, while soaking + cooking as well as open-pan roasting treatments showed diminishing effects. The analysis of the phenolic profile revealed the presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and (+)-catechin in the methanolic extract of these seeds.  相似文献   

6.
The aim of this study was to optimize the germination conditions of amaranth seeds that would maximize the antioxidant activity (AoxA), total phenolic (TPC), and flavonoid (TFC) contents. To optimize the germination bioprocess, response surface methodology was applied over three response variables (AoxA, TPC, TFC). A central composite rotable experimental design with two factors [germination temperature (GT), 20–45?ºC; germination time (Gt), 14–120 h] in five levels was used; 13 treatments were generated. The amaranth seeds were soaked in distilled water (25 °C/6 h) before germination. The sprouts from each treatment were dried (50 °C/8 h), cooled, and ground to obtain germinated amaranth flours (GAF). The best combination of germination bioprocess variables for producing optimized GAF with the highest AoxA [21.56 mmol trolox equivalent (TE)/100 g sample, dw], TPC [247.63 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g sample, dw], and TFC [81.39 mg catechin equivalent (CAE)/100 g sample, dw] was GT?=?30?ºC/Gt?=?78 h. The germination bioprocess increased AoxA, TPC, and TFC in 300–470, 829, and 213 %, respectively. The germination is an effective strategy to increase the TPC and TFC of amaranth seeds for enhancing functionality with improved antioxidant activity.  相似文献   

7.
Antioxidant phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables of a vegetarian diet may account for the reduced risk of aging and stress oxidative associated diseases. In this study, a simple, rapid and accurate new bioassay for the determination of the antioxidant activity of purified or crude plant extracts and thier interactions is described, based on the fluorimetric determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) released by UV-B radiated red blood cell (RBC) ghosts. Pure resveratrol, white and red wine and pomegranate juice (PJ) were used as antioxidant source to test the biological method. TBARS production is a function of radiation time, the number of RBC ghosts in the radiated sample and the loaded antioxidant. The antioxidant activity of resveratrol was detected at a submicromolar concentration range [0.02 μg/mL–0.1 μmol/L]. The activity of red wine was almost 10 times higher than that of white wine, and PJ juice had the highest activity. Submaximal protective effects of PJ and red wine were additive.  相似文献   

8.
The indigenous pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) is now marketed and commercially processed in Brazil. In the present work, the carotenoids of the pitanga fruit from two states and at two stages of ripening, as well as of processed pitanga products (frozen pulp and juice, the brands being designated as A, B and C) commercialized in Campinas, São Paulo, were determined by HPLC. As compared to ripe pitanga from Medianeira, Paraná, those from Campinas had significantly higher (all-E)-lycopene (14.0 vs. 71.1 μg/g), (13Z)-lycopene (1.1 vs. 5.0 μg/g) and (all-E)-γ-carotene (1.6 vs. 3.8 μg/g) levels. Significant increases in most of the carotenoids occurred from the partially ripe to the ripe fruits, with (all-E)-lycopene doubling its concentration in fruits from both states. Pitanga was found to be one of the richest fruit sources of carotenoids, particularly lycopene, but the processed products had much lower lycopene content. The mean (all-E)-lycopene concentration was 16.6 μg/g for frozen pulp brand A, 23.0 μg/g for bottled juice brand B and 25.6 μg/g for bottled juice brand C. Optimization of processing is therefore needed to guarantee better retention of this important carotenoid.  相似文献   

9.
Raspberries contain flavonoid antioxidants whose relative concentrations may vary between the juice, pulp, and seed fractions. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), total anthocyanin content, and berry color were determined for six cultivars of primocane raspberries grown in a dry climate (Utah, USA). Significant ORAC differences were found between juice (18.4?±?0.39 μmol TE/g), pulp (24.45?±?0.43), and seeds (273.27?±?11.15) with all Utah cultivars combined. A significantly higher concentration of anthocyanins was present in Utah raspberry juice (20.86?±?0.35 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside eq./100 g), compared to pulp (13.96?±?0.35). Anthocyanin content of juice and pulp were significantly positively correlated with dark color (L*). This is the first report of fractional differences in dry climate raspberries, and has implications for the juice and supplement industries.  相似文献   

10.
以杂C-546为试材,采用10、20、40、80、160 mmol/L外源CaCl_2浸种和叶面喷施不同浓度处理种子,比较分析低温胁迫下玉米种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和幼苗叶片相对电导率、可溶性蛋白、Pn、Fv/Fm、POD和SOD活性等生理生化指标的变化。结果表明,在低温抑制玉米幼苗生长条件下,一定浓度CaCl_2(10~80 mmol/L)处理可降低玉米幼苗生长伤害程度。80 mmol/L CaCl_2浸种处理对玉米低温胁迫的缓解效果最佳,与对照比较,发芽率提高8%,发芽势提高24.6%,发芽指数提高33.2,相对电导率降低51.8%,可溶性蛋白含量增加76.3%,SOD活性增加35.7%。适宜浓度的CaCl_2在低温条件下可促进玉米种子的萌发,降低低温对玉米幼苗造成的伤害。  相似文献   

11.
Potato has about 100 wild species relatives that are multiplied in the form of botanical seed populations by genebanks, and distributed for use in research and breeding, so factors that affect long term seed germination are of interest. In 1987 the US Potato Genebank conducted routine seed multiplication on 127 populations of 31 species as greenhouse-grown potted plants. Half of the parent plants in each population were given two doses of liquid fertilizer in addition to the standard slow-release granular fertilizer which had been mixed into the medium for all plants. Plants with this extra liquid fertilizer application grew larger, and produced significantly more fruit and seeds. However, seeds from parents fertilized extra did not have improved seed weight or germination after 26 years of storage. We conclude that optimizing the fertilizer regime used on parent plants, while doubling the average seed yield, does not result in higher quality seeds.  相似文献   

12.
Potato has about 100 wild species relatives that are multiplied in the form of botanical seed populations by genebanks and distributed for use in research and breeding, so understanding factors that affect seed germination is valuable. This is especially true for problematic seedlots that have slow and low (“trickle”) germination even when subjected to germination techniques that give optimal results in most other seedlots in the genebank. Twelve seedlots with trickle germination even after at least 2 years of storage and 2 robustly-germinating positive control seedlots encompassing 9 species were germinated in petri plates, and subjected to day/night?=?10 h/14 h?=?20C/6C alternating temperature (AT) trials along with constant room temperature (RT) controls, in the spring of 2015 and 2016. When Relative Area Under the Germination Progress Curve (RAUGPC) was calculated, normal germinating seedlots’ germination in AT was not significantly different from RT control. Some species’ seedlots’ RAUGPC germination in AT was nearly zero, some were about 50% of RT control, and some in AT germination had RAUGPC double or even triple that of RT control. In a separate trial in 2017, four seedlots most responsive to AT were shown to germinate significantly better in constant cold than their RT controls, but not as well as seeds germinated under AT. Also in 2017, two seedlots known to be very dependent on gibberellin pretreatment were tested. RT germination without gibberellin had RAUGPC of only 13% of RT control, but AT without gibberellin pretreatment increased this to 65%, showing AT substantially substitutes for gibberellin pretreatment in these seedlots. AT could be a useful application to all seed germination assays in the genebank if it facilitated a better assessment of the potential viability of trickle-germinating seedlots. But one would need to identify and exclude those seedlots for which alternating temperature greatly depresses germination.  相似文献   

13.
For the first time the chemical profile, physico-chemical parameters, inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes associated with type 2 diabetes, and radical scavenging properties of Sambucus nigra L. (elderberry) juice treated by nanofiltration (NF) were investigated. Three commercial NF membranes with different molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) (400 and 1000 Da) and polymeric material (composite fluoro-polymer and polyethersulphone) were tested. According to HPLC analyses, most part of bioactive compounds were retained by the NF membranes producing a retentate fraction of interest for the production of functional foods. The NP030 membrane, a polyethersulphone membrane with a MWCO of 400 Da, exhibited the highest rejection towards phenolic compounds when compared with the other selected membranes. Accordingly, the produced retentate fractions exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity.  相似文献   

14.
The increasing demand for high-fiber products has favored the design of numerous bakery products rich in fiber such as bread, cookies, and cakes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dietary fiber and estimated glycemic index of cookies containing extruded wheat bran. Wheat bran was subjected to extrusion process under three temperature profiles: TP1;(60, 75, 85 and 100 °C), TP2;(60, 80, 100 and 120 °C), and TP3;(60, 80, 110 and 140 °C) and three moisture contents: (15, 23, and 31 %). Cookies were elaborated using extruded wheat bran (30 %), separated into two fractions (coarse and fine). The dietary fiber content of cookies elaborated with extruded wheat bran was higher than the controls; C0 (100 % wheat flour) and C1 (30 % of no extruded bran coarse fraction) and C2 (30 % of no extruded bran fine fraction). The higher values of dietary fiber were observed on cookies from treatments 5 (TP1, 31 % moisture content and coarse fraction) and 11 (TP2, 31 % moisture content and coarse fraction). The estimated glycemic index of cookies ranged from 68.54 to 80.16. The dietary fiber content of cookies was increased and the lowest glycemic index corresponded to the cookies elaborated with extruded wheat bran. Cookie made with the treatment 11 had a better dietary fiber content and lower estimated glycemic index.  相似文献   

15.
The guava processing industry in Malaysia produces by-products in the form of seed core and peel. These by-products can be regarded as underused resources but there are concerns about their composition that prevent their use in the food and feed industries. This study aims to analyze the respective effects of heat treatments (boiling or autoclaving) and germination periods on the nutritional composition and phytochemical content of guava seeds. The guava seeds were found to contain 618, 78, 72, and 5 mg/g dry weight total dietary fiber, fat, protein, and ash, respectively. The tannin and saponin contents, but not the phytic acid content, were below the respective anti-nutritional thresholds. The heat treatments did not affect the total dietary fiber and ash contents but reduced all other chemical components to different extents (15–91 %). Boiling did not reduce the phytic acid content substantially but autoclaving caused a reduction of 91 % to a level below the anti-nutritional threshold. Germination for 14 days caused a significant reduction in nutrient contents in the range of 16–79 %. Germination also reduced the phytic acid content by 90 % in the seed but did not significantly affect the saponin content. Thus, guava seed can be treated thermally or germinated to manipulate its chemical composition to enable its use in the food and feed industries.  相似文献   

16.
We have evaluated and compared different methods and cultivars for the production of quality prebasic seed in potato. Two cultivation systems, aeroponics and greenhouse beds with a peat moss substrate, and three potato cultivars with different vegetative cycle, Agria, Monalisa and Zorba, were assayed. Plants in the aeroponic system showed increased growth and their vegetative cycle extended between 12 and 36 % compared to the plants cultivated in greenhouse beds. Flowering and tuberization dates, Absolute Growth Rates (AGR) during the period of 60 days after planting (DAP) and height presented a wide variation between cultivars. Zorba showed earlier flowering and tuberization, lower AGR and reached a minor height at 60 DAP. Instead the late season cultivar Agria showed later flowering and tuberization, presented higher AGR and reached an increased height at 60 DAP. The total tuber yield per plant was between 34 and 87 % higher in the aeroponic system, with a marked difference for the earlier cultivars Zorba and Monalisa. Tuber numbers increased between 60 and 80 %. Minituber production in aeroponics showed a better size distribution, with a reduction in the percentage of tubers smaller than 12 mm of between 33 and 86 %. In this soil-less culture system average tuber weight increased in Zorba and Monalisa over 60 % but was lower for Agria. Further studies are needed to optimize aeroponics system, which can be considered a high yield potato multiplication system, particularly for early or mid season potato cultivars that may produce best quality minitubers.  相似文献   

17.
The objectives of this study were to determine the trophic state of agricultural reservoirs within the four major watersheds and evaluate ecosystem health using a multi-metric fish modeling approach of the lentic ecosystem health assessment (LEHA) in South Korea. Fish survey for the LEHA model was sampled twice from 12 reservoirs (oligotrophic to hypereutrophic reservoirs) during 2008–2010 along with data analysis of water quality monitored by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. The fish sampling gears used in the field were fyke net, trammel net, casting net, and kick net. A regression analysis of N:P ratios showed a negative linear function with total phosphorous (TP) values but not with total nitrogen. The greater relationship to TP was due to low variability and high ambient concentrations of N relative to P. The plots of “TSI (CHL)–TSI (TP)” and “TSI (CHL)–TSI (SD)” suggest that other factors other than phosphorus limited algal biomass (CHL–TP < 0), and that non-algal particles dominated light attenuation (CHL–SD < 0). Nutrients input into the reservoirs during the Asian monsoon exceeded actual nutrient availability for phytoplankton growth. A regression model of the fish trophic components against log-transformed TP showed that the proportions of omnivore and insectivore fish had a positive linear function and negative relationship with TP, respectively. According to the multi-metric LEHA model for agricultural reservoirs, the model value averaged 26 ± 6.5, indicating a “Fair” condition. Overall, ecosystem health was directly influenced by organic matter pollution and high algal production. This new tool appeared particularly relevant to detect the contamination effects on fish communities in reservoirs. The new national biological monitoring methodology in lentic ecosystem would be used as a key tool for ecological restorations and species conservations in Korean lentic ecosystems.  相似文献   

18.
Summary An experiment was carried out to examine the relationship between the number of sprouts per tuber, tuber weight and time of sprouting forMajestic potatoes. A close linear relationship was found to exist within weight grades, between sprout number per tuber and time of sprouting, and also between shoot number per tuber and time of sprouting. The results indicated an asymptotic relationship between sprout number per tuber and tuber weight. A function including sprout number per tuber, tuber weight and time of sprouting showed time of sprouting to be more important than tuber weight in determining sprout number. A function relating shoot number per tuber to time of sprouting and tuber weight indicated that time and weight are equally important in determining shoot number per tuber.
Zusammenfassung Es wird über einen Versuch berichtet, dessen Zweck es war, die Zusammenh?nge zwischen dem Zeitpunkt des Auskeimens, dem Knollengewicht und der Sprosszahl je Knolle bei der KartoffelsorteMajestic quantitativ zu erfassen. Schottische Saatkartoffeln in vier Gewichtsstufen (40±2, 80±2, 120±2, 160±2 g) wurden durch Aufbewahrung im Kühlraum bei einer Temperatur von 2,8–3,9 C am Auskeimen gehindert. Eine Stichprobe von 10 Knollen von jeder Gewichtsstufe wurde am 4. Dezember 1967 in einen geschlossenen, geheizten Beh?lter (12,8 C) gelegt, um das Auskeimen zu f?rdern. Dieses Verfahren wurde jeden Monat bis zum 4. M?rz 1968 wiederholt. Die Sprosszahl je Knolle und die Triebzahl je Knolle wurden ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 1 und 4 aufgeführt. Von den Durchschnittsdaten wurde die lineare Regression der Sprosszahl je Knolle gegen den Zeitpunkt des Auskeimens in jeder Gewichtsstufe gerechnet. Die Begressionsdaten sind in Tabelle 3 aufgeführt. Eine enge lineare Bezichung zwischen den zwei Varianten wird ersichtlich. Mittels Verz?gerung des Auskeimens durch Aufbewahrung im Kühlraum sollte es m?glich sein, von kleinen Saatkartoffeln eine gr?ssere Sprosszahl je Knolle als gew?hnlich zu erzeugen. Dieses Verfahren k?nnte zu einem betr?chtlich niedrigeren Saatpreis pro Hektar führen. Die Beziehungen zwischen Sprosszahl im Zeitpunkt des Auskeimens werden in Tabelle 1 aufgeführt. Die ?hnlichkeit zwischen den Ergebnissen für die Kartoffeln mit einem Gewicht von 120 g und denen für die Kartoffeln mit einem Gewicht von 160 g weist auf ein asymptotisches Verh?ltnis zwischen Sprosszahl je Knolle und dem Knollengewicht hin. Es besteht die M?glichkeit, dass die Triebzahl je Spross die Geschwindigkeit des Blattwerkwachstums beeinflussen k?nnte. Deswegen wurde die lineare Regression der Sprosszahl gegen den Zeitpunkt des Auskeimens gerechnet. Eine enge Beziehung zwischen der Sprosszahl je Knolle und dem Zeitpunkt des Auskeimens l?sst sich erkennen. Es wird auch ersichtlich, dass die Triebzahl je Knolle sich im Verh?ltnis zum Knollengewicht dauernd vermehrt. Von den Sprosszahldaten wurde die in Gleichung I aufgeführte Funktion gerechnet. Es erwies sich, dass der Zeitpunkt des Auskeimens von wesentlichem Einfluss auf die Sprosszahl je Knolle war, das Knollengewicht hingegen war von geringem Einfluss. Aus der in Gleichung 2 aufgeführten Funktion, die von den Triebzahldaten errechnet wurde, l?sst sich ersehen, dass der Zeitpunkt des Auskeimens und das Knollengewicht von fast gleichem Einfluss auf die Triebzahl je Knolle waren.
Résumé L'expérience vise à établier les rapports entre le moment de la germination, le nombre de germes par tubercule et le poids du tubercule chez la variétéMajestic. Pour ce faire on a utilisé des plants d'origine écossaise de quatre poids différents (40±2, 80±2, 120±2, 160±2 g) et on les a conservé en chambre froide, à la température de 2,8–3,9 C pour les empêcher de germer. Le 4/12/67 on a prélevé 10 tubercules au hasard dans chaque catégorie de poids et on les a placés dans une armoire thermostatique réglée à 12,8 C pour leur permettre de germer. On a répeté cette opération chaque mois jusqu'au 4 mars 1968. On a noté le nombre de germes par tubercule (Tableau 1) et le nombre de pousses par tubercule (Tableau 2). On a calculé la régression linéaire du nombre de germes par tubercule en fonction du moment de la germination et cela dans chaque, catégorie de poids; les données de régression sont reproduites dans le Tableau 3. Une relation linéaire étroite se révèle entre les deux variables. Ainsi, il serait possible en retardant la germination par la conservation à une température basse de faire produire aux petits plants un nombre de germes par plant supérieur à la normale, ce qui entrainerait une séricuse économie dans le co?t des plants à l'hectare. Fig. 1 montre les rapports nombre de germes/moment de germination. La similitude des résultats pour les catégories 120 g et 160 g révéle un rapport asymptotique entre le nombre de germes par tubercule et le poids du tubercule. Il est possible que le nombre de pousses par germe influence la rapidité de développement de la feuille. C'est pourquoi on a établi la régression linéaire du nombre de pousses en fonction du moment de la germination (Tableau 4). Les résultats révèlent l'existence d'un rapport étroit entre le nombre de pousses par tubercule et le moment de la germination. Il apparait également que le nombre de pousses augmente régulièrement avec le poids du tubercule. A partir des données du nombre de germes, on a calculé une fonction qui est exprimée dans l'équation I. Il se révèle que le moment de la germination a une influence fondamentale sur le nombre de germes par tubercule et, par contre, que le poids du tubercule a peu d'influence. Il ressort de la fonction tirée du nombre de pousses et exprimée dans l'équation 2 que le moment de la germination et le poids du tubercule ont une influence presque égale sur le nombre de pousses par tubercule.
  相似文献   

19.
Using banana peel extract as an antioxidant in freshly squeezed orange juices and juices from concentrate was evaluated. Free radical scavenging capacity increased by adding banana peel extracts to both types of orange juice. In addition, remarkable increases in antioxidant capacity using 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical were observed when equal or greater than 5 mg of banana peel extract per ml of freshly squeezed juice was added. No clear effects were observed in the capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Adding 5 mg banana peel extract per ml of orange juice did not substantially modify the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of either type of juice. However, undesirable changes in the sensory characteristics (in-mouth sensations and colour) were detected when equal or greater than 10 mg banana peel extract per ml of orange juice was added. These results confirm that banana peel is a promising natural additive that increases the capacity to scavenge free radicals of orange juice with acceptable sensory and physicochemical characteristics for the consumer.  相似文献   

20.
We investigated whether a test drink enriched in pomegranate polyphenols, consumed with a high-fat meal, can reduce postprandial lipaemia and improve vascular function and blood pressure compared to placebo. Nineteen young, healthy men completed a randomized, controlled crossover trial. The active drink (containing a pomegranate extract) was consumed during a high-fat meal (ET-DUR) or 15 min before (ET-PRE), and the placebo drink (no pomegranate extract) was consumed during the high-fat meal (CONTROL). Postprandial lipaemia was assessed by venous plasma TAG 0–2 h, and capillary plasma TAG 0–4 h. Blood pressure and digital volume pulse, to measure reflection index (DVP-RI) and stiffness index (DVP-SI), were monitored at baseline, 2 and 4 h. There was no inhibition of postprandial lipaemia by the active drink compared to CONTROL. ET-PRE caused a greater increase in the venous plasma TAG at 2 h compared to CONTROL and ET-DUR (treatment effect P?=?0.001). The incremental area under the curve 0–4 h for capillary plasma TAG was not significantly different between treatments. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased in the ET-PRE and ET-DUR groups to a lesser extent than the CONTROL group (treatment effect P?=?0.041). There were no treatment effects for DVP-RI, DVP-SI or diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, the consumption of a single drink containing ET-rich pomegranate extract did not decrease postprandial plasma TAG concentrations, but suppressed the postprandial increase in SBP following the high-fat meal.  相似文献   

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