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1.
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2.
During insemination, bacterial contamination of the ejaculate can lead to reduced sperm quality and transmission of pathogens to the female, thus should be avoided. The semen of a variety of animal taxa possess antimicrobial properties against a wide range of bacterial species through antimicrobial molecules, such as lysozyme, but their variance and the factors influencing it are unknown for most species. In this study, the antibacterial defence (bacterial killing activity (BKA) against Escherichia (E.) coli and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus as well as lysozyme concentration) was studied in seminal fluid from two consecutive ejaculates of 18 stallions. All ejaculates showed BKA against the tested bacteria, which correlated between the two consecutive ejaculates (rS = 0.526, p = .025 for E. coli and rS = 0.656, p = .003 for S. aureus) and appeared to be stable over the tested period. The lysozyme concentration (LC) showed no significant correlation between the consecutive ejaculates (rS = 0.161, p = .681). However, LC had a positive correlation to the ratio of apoptotic spermatozoa within the ejaculates (rS = 0.426, p = .019). In contrast to other livestock (e.g., boar, bull), the BKA in stallion semen did not correlate significantly with the age of the animal nor sperm quality characteristics.  相似文献   

3.
The present study identified few potential proteins in the spermatozoa of buffalo bulls that can be used as an aid in fertility determination through comparative proteomics. The sperm proteome of high‐fertile buffalo bulls was compared with that of low‐fertile buffalo bulls using two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE), and the differentially expressed proteins were identified through mass spectrometric method. The protein interaction network and the functional bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins were also carried out. In the spermatozoa of high‐fertile bulls, 10 proteins were found overexpressed and 15 proteins were underexpressed at the level of twofold or more (p ≤ 0.05). The proteins overexpressed in high‐fertile spermatozoa were PDZD8, GTF2F2, ZNF397, KIZ, LOH12CR1, ACRBP, PRSS37, CYP11B2, F13A1 and SPO11, whereas those overexpressed in low‐fertile spermatozoa were MT1A, ATP5F1, CS, TCRB, PRODH2, HARS, IDH3A, SRPK3, Uncharacterized protein C9orf9 homolog isoform X4, TUBB2B, GPR4, PMP2, CTSL1, TPPP2 and EGFL6. The differential expression ranged from 2.0‐ to 6.1‐fold between the two groups, where CYP11B2 was high abundant in high‐fertile spermatozoa and MT1A was highly abundant in low‐fertile spermatozoa. Most of the proteins overexpressed in low‐fertile spermatozoa were related to energy metabolism and capacitation factors, pointing out the possible role of pre‐mature capacitation and cryo‐damages in reducing the fertility of cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa.  相似文献   

4.
Environmental factors such as the temperature–humidity index (THI) are known to affect reproductive parameters in cattle. Therefore, here, we examined whether there was any correlation between the THI and the reproductive performance of Japanese Black cattle by analysing the first‐service conception rates of 178,492 artificially inseminated cows across 9,833 herds in south‐western Japan over a 3‐year period. The daily mean (±SD) THI over the study period was 63.6 ± 11.3 (range: 41.4–81.5). The calving to first artificial insemination (AI) interval was significantly negatively correlated with THI in the month of AI (r = ?.75, p < .001), whereas conception rate to first AI (CRFA) showed a cyclical change that did not correspond with that of THI, resulting in a time lag between CRFA and THI in the month of AI. Furthermore, there was a stronger correlation between CRFA and THI between 3 and 2 months before AI (r = .76 vs. .83, p < .001) than in the month of AI (r = .34, p = .04). Therefore, this extensive field study showed that a decrease in THI was associated with declined reproductive performance in Japanese Black cattle and that the impact of the cold environment on the conception rate is attributable to a carryover effect from the cold season before AI rather than conditions at the time of AI.  相似文献   

5.
The study was designed to evaluate AndroMed® for the freezability and fertility of Nili‐Ravi buffalo semen. Semen was collected from four adult Nili‐Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls for 3 weeks (replicate). Semen ejaculates from each buffalo bull were divided into three aliquots. One aliquot was used for evaluation of motility, plasma membrane integrity, livability, viability, DNA integrity and normal apical ridge. Remaining two aliquots were diluted (37°C; 50 × 106 spermatozoa/ml) in tris‐citric egg yolk or AndroMed® extender and cryopreserved in 0.5 ml French straws. After thawing, per cent post‐thaw motility (47.9 ± 0.8, 49.2 ± 1.7), plasma membrane integrity (44.4 ± 1.2, 46.8 ± 1.8) and normal apical ridge (81.4 ± 0.3, 83.2 ± 0.3) were recorded similar (p > .05) in tris‐citric egg yolk and AndroMed® extender. Higher (p < .05) percentage of sperm livability (70.5 ± 1.4 and 64.4 ± 1.0), viability (67.5 ± 1.5 and 61.5 ± 0.6) and DNA integrity (97.0 ± 0.3 and 93.4 ± 0.21) were recorded in AndroMed® compared to tris‐citric egg yolk post‐thaw. Values for all the aforementioned spermatozoal quality parameters were observed lower (p < .05) in frozen‐thawed compared to fresh semen irrespective of the experimental extenders. Fertility rates of buffalo semen did not differ (p > .05) either cryopreserved in tris‐citric egg yolk or AndroMed® extender (45.5% vs. 49%). It is concluded that AndroMed® is capable in protecting the buffalo bull sperm during freeze‐thawing process and can be adopted safely for routine use replacing the tris‐citric egg yolk extender in artificial insemination programme.  相似文献   

6.
The reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are produced during storage of boar semen are causing oxidative stress and leads to poor fertility. Also, tropical and sub-tropical weather condition adversely impacts the physicomorphological quality and fertility of boar sperm. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of feeding linseed oil to boar on its seminal attributes, sperm kinetics, biomarkers of antioxidant, fatty acid profile of seminal plasma (SP) and sperm and in vivo fertility. Six Hampshire crossbreed boars were fed with 90 ml linseed oil (LIN) whereas six Hampshire crossbreed boars were fed 90 ml canola oil (CON) for 16 weeks. Sperm quality was evaluated (60 ejaculates for each group; a total of 120 ejaculates) for motility, livability, abnormal morphology, acrosomal membrane integrity, hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) and sperm kinetic parameters by computer assisted semen analysis (CASA) at 0 h and at 72 h of storage at 17°C. Biomarkers of antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase; GPx, catalase; CAT, total antioxidant capacity; TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in SP and serum. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for the estimation of fatty acid composition of SP and sperm. Boars fed with linseed oil had higher semen volume (p < .01) and more total sperm numbers (p < .01). Feeding linseed oil to boar enhanced seminal attributes (p < .05) at 0 h as well as at 72 h of storage. Linseed oil feeding (p < .01) improved biomarkers of antioxidants and significantly (p < .01) lowered the lipid peroxidation in serum and SP. Linseed oil feeding (p < .05) increased the proportion of alpha linolenic (ALA), arachidonic and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids in SP. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in sperm increased significantly (p < .01) in treatment group. Farrowing rate was significantly (p < .05) higher in treatment group. In conclusion, feeding linseed oil to boar improved the in vivo fertility, enhanced antioxidant capacity and increased the DHA content of SP and sperm.  相似文献   

7.
Seven experiments were conducted to study the effect of freezing extenders, antioxidants, motility stimulants, thawing temperature, incubation temperature and time, centrifugation and capacitation on sperm chromatin instability (CI) as well as the influence of sperm CI on pregnancy rates of heifers (n = 360) after AI with frozen semen. Semen was collected once a week from Blonde d’Aquitaine and Limousine bulls (n = 3/breed) via an artificial vagina and only individual ejaculates (n = 300) of >0.3 × 109 sperm/ml and ≥ 70% progressive motility were used. Sperm CI was evaluated by nuclear DNA susceptibility to acid‐induced denaturation using acridine orange fluorescence and by chromatin susceptibility to decondensation using quantitative transmission electron microscopy. Bioxcell extender was better than AndroMed and egg yolk extenders in terms of low incidence of sperm CI in one bull (p < 0.05). Neither antioxidants (EDTA–2Na, Na‐pyruvate and albumin) nor motility stimulants (caffeine and blood serum) had any significant effect on sperm CI. Thawing of frozen semen at 45°C for 30 s decreased (p < 0.025) CI in one bull. Incubation of frozen sperm at 25 and 39°C for 240 min increased sperm CI percentages from 3.47 ± 0.48 and 4.50 ± 0.41% to 6.70 ± 0.36 and 9.71 ± 0.53%, respectively (p < 0.001). Although centrifugation and removal of extracellular milieu increased CI of cooled sperm, it decreased CI of frozen–thawed sperm (p < 0.025). Follicular fluid as a capacitating agent destabilized chromatin structure (p < 0.001). Sperm vulnerability to CI had a negative impact (r2 = 0.37–0.77, p < 0.001) on fertility of frozen ejaculates. In conclusion, in vitro manipulation of bovine semen can influence incidence of sperm CI, whereas integrity of sperm chromatin contributes significantly to heifers’ fertility. We would recommend selection of the appropriate extender and thawing temperature for each bull together with careful manipulation of frozen semen to minimize damage of sperm chromatin.  相似文献   

8.
This study utilized three staining assays (Annexin V, mitochondrial membrane potential (JC‐1) and TUNEL) for flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in sex‐sorted sperm from four different bulls (A, B, C and D). Correlations between sperm quality and IVF efficiency were then assessed to determine which assay provided the best prediction of IVF efficiency. The results of the Annexin V assays, as well as measures of viable sperm, early apoptosis, necrotic sperm and mitochondrial membrane potential (?ψm) showed that the sex‐sorted sperm collected from bull A significantly differed from those of the other three bulls (p < 0.05). In addition, the levels of DNA fragmentation in sex‐sorted sperm from bull A were significantly lower than those from bulls B and C (p < 0.05). The percentage of cells reaching the cleavage and blastocyst stages in sex‐sorted sperm from bull A were significantly greater than those from the other bulls (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between viable sperm and the percentage of cells at the cleavage or blastocyst stages (p < 0.05). In contrast, a negative correlation was found between early apoptotic sperm and the percentage of cells at the cleavage or blastocyst stages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that the Annexin V assay was the most reliable technique for the prediction of the IVF success of sex‐sorted bovine sperm.  相似文献   

9.
Twenty‐four ejaculates from six (four ejaculates each) Surti buffalo bulls aged 4–8 years were used to assess various attributes of spermatozoa influencing the zona‐binding and zona‐penetration tests. Ejaculates from each bulls were subjected to in vitro sperm‐‐zona binding and sperm‐‐zona penetration tests (four replicates per bull) using immature buffalo oocytes. The average number of spermatozoa bound per oocyte was 27.79 ± 5.90. The average number of spermatozoa penetrated per oocyte was 3.35 ± 0.64. The average number of zona‐bound and ‐penetrated spermatozoa differed significantly between animals. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between the plasmalemma integrity as assessed by eosin‐‐nigrosin stain and hypo‐osmotic swelling (HOS) test. Furthermore, the percentage of cells positive for the HOS test, i.e. functional membrane integrity (51.25 ± 2.32) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than hypo‐osmotic swelling‐Giemsa (HOS‐G) test, i.e. the subpopulation of spermatozoa positive for functional membrane and acrosomal integrities (42.87 ± 4.56). The HOS test had significant correlations with plasmalemma integrity as measured by the vital stain, eosin‐‐nigrosin (r = 0.85, p < 0.05). The HOS‐G test also had significant correlation with plasmalemma integrity measured by vital stains such as eosin‐‐nigrosin (r = 0.90, p < 0.05) and fluorogenic stains [carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and propidium iodide (PI); r = 0.92, p < 0.01] and HOS test (r = 0.93), acrosomal integrity (r = 0.86, p < 0.05) and mitochondrial membrane potential (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). The plasmalemma integrity (fluorogenic stain), functional membrane integrity (HOS test), subpopulation of spermatozoa positive for functional membrane and acrosomal integrities (HOS‐G test) and mitochondrial membrane potential had significant (p < 0.05) correlation with sperm zona binding and penetration. The present study indicates that these parameters could represent important determinants of sperm quality influencing zona binding and penetration.  相似文献   

10.
As little is known about the oxidant/antioxidant status in buffalo with ketosis, the present study was delineated to assess the oxidative stress level associated with clinical ketosis in water buffalo. A total of 91 parturient buffalo at smallholder farms were studied (61 suspected to be ketotic and 30 healthy). Clinical and biochemical investigations were carried out for each buffalo. Based on clinical findings and the level of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), buffalo were allocated into ketotic (42), sublinical cases (19). Clinically, there was an association between clinical ketosis and anorexia (p < 0.001), constipation (p < 0.001), decreased milk yield (p < 0.001), ruminal stasis (p < 0.001), and loss of body condition (p < 0.01). Biochemically, in clinical ketosis compared with subclinical and control cases, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) of BHB, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), L-alanine aminotransferase (ALT). However, there was a significant decrease of glucose, phosphorus, magnesium,total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. There was a positive correlation between BHB and MDA (r = 0.433), BHB and NO (r = 0.37), MDA and NO (r = 0.515), and Glucose and phosphorus(r = 0.521). However, there was a negative correlation between BHB and glucose (r = −0.341) and HDL and NO (r = −0.379). The result of the present study indicates that hyperketonemia in buffalo is associated with an increase of oxidative stress levels. Further studies need to be done on the efficacy of antioxidants as an ancillary treatment to relief the oxidative stress caused by ketosis.  相似文献   

11.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic selenium (Se) supplementation on semen quality and blood serum profiles of buffalo bulls. Nine mature buffalo bulls were divided into three groups: control (non‐supplemented); organic Se (10 mg Sel‐Plex®/head twice weekly) and inorganic Se (10 mg sodium selenite/head twice weekly). Semen was collected twice a week for 3 months during Se supplementation. Semen properties were evaluated from fresh ejaculate. Moreover, fructose concentration, aspartate and alanine transaminase (AST and ALT) activities, total protein and total cholesterol were assayed in seminal plasma. Additionally AST, ALT, testosterone and Se levels were determined in the blood serum. Results showed that Se supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) influences the semen parameters during 3 months of treatment. Organic Se significantly (P < 0.05) increased the percentage of viable sperms compared to inorganic Se and the control group. Fructose concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the seminal plasma of organic Se‐treated bulls. Serum testosterone and Se concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the Se supplemented groups than the control group. In conclusion, Se supplementation improved the parameters of buffalo bull semen and more precisely, organic Se was more effective for the improvement of semen quality and some blood components than inorganic Se.  相似文献   

12.
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The value of routine evaluation of bull semen was analysed for 117 AI bulls placed in two studs. Data from semen analysis of a total of 1635 ejaculates was compared statistically with the nonreturn rates of the bulls. The semen parameters which were significantly correlated to nonreturn rates were the motility of the freshly collected ejaculates (p = 0.0140) and post-thaw motility (p = 0.0075). The total number of motile sperm in the inseminate ranged from 10.9 to 19.3 × 106 and according to previous reports the effects of low motility should be fully 'compensated' when doses above 10 × 106 sperm/dose are used for insemination. In conclusion, the motility of freshly collected semen does not appear to be 'compensation' and a low percentage of motile sperm in an ejaculate may indicate other dysfunctions of the population of motile cells. Furthermore, post-thaw motility appears to correlate significantly with nonreturn rates. The largest proportion of the variation was explained by the breed of the bull and stud (42.2% of the variation), whereas the two motility parameters explained 10% of the total variation in nonreturn rates. Objective and precise evaluation of sperm motility in combination with other semen traits are needed to improve breeding efficiency. Although microscopic evaluation of sperm motility correlates with nonreturn rates of bulls, the methods are subjectively assessed and inaccurate and therefore do not allow a satisfactory prediction of fertility.  相似文献   

13.
Circulating leptin concentrations could potentially be used as a predictor of production traits in cattle. This study aimed to clarify the correlations between circulating leptin concentrations and growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality indexes in finishing bulls fed high‐concentrate diets (concentrate‐to‐forage ratio 70:30). Fifty‐seven Simmental × Luxi F1 crossbred bulls were used for 112‐day finishing experiment. Circulating leptin concentrations and relevant indexes of growth performance, and carcass traits and meat quality were measured during or after finishing trail. The results indicated that the leptin concentrations tended to be negatively correlated with dry matter intake (DMI) (r = ?.233, p = .081), and were positively correlated with 12th‐rib fat thickness (r = .330, p = .012), marbling score (r = .336, p = .011), and intramuscular fat content (r = .368, p = .021). Moreover, the leptin concentrations were negatively correlated with cholesterol content (r = ?.339, p = .037) and were not correlated with sensory indexes including tenderness, juiciness, and like flavor (p > .05). In conclusion, circulating leptin concentrations may potentially be used as a predictor of carcass traits related to content of fat and beef quality traits related to content of cholesterol in finishing bulls fed high‐concentrate diets.  相似文献   

14.
The study was designed to evaluate the influence of season on semen characteristics and seminal plasma protein profile of buffalo bull semen. Thirty‐six ejaculates were collected in three seasons (winter, summer and rainy) from six adult Bhadawari bulls, and semen characteristics were evaluated immediately after collection. The seminal plasma was harvested by centrifugation and protein profiling, and percentage protein fractions were analysed by SDS‐PAGE. The significant effect of season was observed on ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, percentage live spermatozoa, hypo‐osmotic swelling test (HOST) and acrosomal integrity. The electrophoretogram of seminal plasma proteins revealed 20 protein bands in winter, 23 bands in rainy and 25 bands in summer seasons, illustrating the significant effect of seasons on seminal plasma proteins. Among these protein bands, 18 bands were observed common in semen samples of all three seasons while protein bands of 46, 55, 58, 144 and 160 kDa were found in rainy and summer seasons. The protein bands of 48 and 60 kDa were observed only in winter season, whereas 184 and 200 kDa were reported in summer season only. The protein fractions (protein%) of common protein bands observed in three seasons revealed a significant effect of season on protein bands of 24.5, 66, 70, 72, 84 and 86 kDa. From the study, it was pertinent that bull seminal plasma contains specific proteins in particular season, which may be associated with some of the semen characteristics, and these proteins could be used as markers of the semen quality of buffalo bulls.  相似文献   

15.
Conservation decisions based on neutral genetic diversity have been observed to promote retention of useful quantitative variation in biological populations. An experiment was undertaken to determine the association between microsatellite marker polymorphisms and phenotypic variation in semen production and cryosurvival traits in bulls. Thirty-five ejaculates were collected from ten bulls of two breeds and evaluated before and after cryopreservation for several semen traits. The bulls were also genotyped using a set of sixteen bovine-specific microsatellite marker loci. Fixation indices (FST), heterozygosity and Nei's genetic distance measures were computed from allele frequency data for each of the bulls. Molecular and phenotypic data were used to compute tri-distance matrices for the ten bulls and correlated using Mantel's test in GenAIEx 6.5. The study revealed extensive heterogeneity in semen traits, heterozygosity and FST values among the bulls. Large pairwise phenotypic and genetic distances were also observed. Correlation between pairwise genetic distances and phenotypic distances was significant and highly positive for sperm viability (r = .61, p < .001) and moderately positive for sperm motility (r = .40–42, p < .05) variables. For sperm morphology, ejaculate volume and sperm concentration, correlation with genetic distances was positive, low and not significantly different from zero (p > .05). A tendency for a triangular-shaped relationship between genetic and phenotypic distances for post-thaw motility and viability traits was also observed. Accordingly, association with neutral genetic diversity was absent for semen production traits and moderate to highly positive for sperm cryosurvival traits. Given these findings, conservation decisions based on neutral genetic diversity may capture variation in some adaptive traits, but not others.  相似文献   

16.
Because the priority of AI industry is to identify subfertile bulls, a predictive model that allowed for the prediction of 91% bulls of low fertility was implemented based on seminological (motility) parameters and DNA status assessed both as DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and by TUNEL assay using sperm of 105 Holstein–Friesian bulls (four batches per bull) selected based on in vivo estimated relative conception rates (ERCR). Thereafter, sperm quality and male fertility traits of bulls were explored by GWAS using a high‐density (777K) Illumina chip. After data editing, 85 bulls and 591,988 SNPs were retained for GWAS. Of 12 SNPs with false discovery rate <0.2, four SNPs located on BTA28 and BTA18 were significantly associated (LD‐adjusted Bonferroni <0.05) with the non‐compensatory sperm parameters DFI and TUNEL. Other SNPs of interest for potential association with TUNEL were found on BTA3, in the same chromosome where associations with non‐compensatory in vivo bull fertility were already reported. Further suggestive SNPs for sperm membrane integrity were located on BTA28, the chromosome where QTL studies previously reported associations with sperm quality traits. Suggestive SNPs for ERCR were found on BTA18 in the vicinity of a site already associated with in vivo bull fertility. Additional SNPs associated with ERCR and sperm kinetic parameters were also identified. In contrast to other, but very few GWAS on fertility traits in bovine spermatozoa, which reported significant SNPs located on BTX, we have not identified SNPs of interest in this sexual chromosome.  相似文献   

17.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seminal plasma on bovine sperm cryopreservation and to assess the integrity of plasma and acrosomal membranes, mitochondrial potential, remodelling of F-actin cytoskeleton and sperm chromatin fragmentation during the cooling, equilibrium and freezing/thawing stages. Six ejaculates collected from seven Nelore bulls (n = 42) were used in this study. Each ejaculate was divided into two aliquots (with seminal plasma = SP group; without seminal plasma = NSP group) and packed to a final concentration of 50 × 106 sperm per straw. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (version 9.3), and p ≤ .05 was considered significant. A time effect was observed for all sperm characteristics (p < .05), except for chromatin fragmentation (p > .05). The presence of seminal plasma better preserved the acrosomal integrity (SP = 75.2% and NSP = 71.7%; p < .05) and also provided lower F-actin remodelling during cryopreservation process (SP = 29.9% and NSP = 32.4%; p < .05). Regarding to the cryopreservation stages, it was observed that cooling step induced higher remodelling of F-actin than the equilibrium and freezing/thawing stages (56.3%, 32.2% and 23.9%, respectively; p < .05). The equilibrium step had minor influence on overall sperm characteristics while the freezing/thawing stage was responsible for the highest percentage of damage in plasma membrane (−65.2%), acrosomal membrane (−34.0%) and mitochondrial potential (−48.1%). On the other hand, none of the cryopreservation stages affected chromatin integrity. It was concluded that the presence of seminal plasma provides increased acrosomal integrity and reduced remodelling of F-actin cytoskeleton. Higher F-actin remodelling is observed after the cooling step while the freezing/thawing step is most damaging to sperm membranes and mitochondrial potential during bovine sperm cryopreservation.  相似文献   

18.
This trial was conducted to investigate the effect of arginine (Arg), threonine (Thr) and Arg + Thr administered in ovo on growth performance, digestive organs and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. On day 14 of incubation, 400 fertile eggs were randomly allotted to five experimental treatments through injection in the amniotic fluid including: (i) control (none injected), (ii) sham (0.5 ml of 0.5% saline), (iii) Arg (35 mg/egg), (iv) Thr (25 mg/egg) and (v) Arg + Thr (35 + 25 mg/egg). After hatching, chicks were given a commercial corn–soya bean diet up to 42 days of age. Daily feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) of chicks were measured during different periods of the trial. Digestive organs were measured for their relative weight and intestinal length on days 11 and 42 of age. Intestinal morphometric traits were evaluated on day 11 of the experiment. Supplementing amino acids affected the performance of broiler chicks as Thr significantly increased FI and BW across starter, grower and finisher periods compared with sham and control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Arg + Thr injection increased jejunal weight compared with control on day 42 (p < 0.05). Moreover, Arg inclusion led to the greatest villus height and crypt depth among treatments in duodenum (p > 0.05); however, amino acid supplemented groups had lower villus height than control in jejunum (p < 0.05). Negative correlations found between digestive organs related to day 11 of age containing pancreas (r = ?0.484; p = 0.030), duodenal (r = ?0.577; p = 0.007) as well as ileal lengths (r = ?0.471; p = 0.035) and FI of entire period. Otherwise, positive relationships were observed between duodenum (r = 0.580; p = 0.007) and ileum (r = 0.582; p = 0.007) weights on day 42 and FI of chickens across the entire phase. In conclusion, Arg and particularly Thr injection into amnion can improve FI and post‐hatch growth performance of chickens which may be mediated by the development of digestive organs.  相似文献   

19.
The application of the ‘omics’ studies in the field of animal reproduction has been aimed at identifying novel biomarkers of fertility since the last few years. When assessing reproductive efficiency in horses, breed should also be taken into account as it can influence semen quality and fertility. Considering the growing interest in metabolomic analysis to evaluate male fertility, we aimed to investigate the metabolomic profile of seminal plasma in two different horse breeds. Twelve healthy stallions, n.6 American Quarter Horse (AQH) and n.6 Italian Draft Horse (IDH) stallions, regularly used for artificial insemination, were included in the study. Two semen collections, performed 30-day apart, were considered for the assessment of semen parameters including gel-free volume, spermatozoa (spz) concentration, spz progressive motility and seminal plasma analysis by 1H-NMR.Semen characteristics differed between IDH and AQH (p < .05) as well as the first cycle conception rate that was higher in AQH than IDH (p = .001). Metabolomic analysis quantified 56 molecules in equine seminal plasma, with 11 metabolites showing different concentrations in IDH compared to AQH (p < .05).This study provided evidence of differences in seminal plasma metabolites' concentrations between studied horse types, highlighting specific metabolomic fingerprints characterizing AQH and IDH sperm.  相似文献   

20.
This study was designed to investigate enzymatic antioxidants’ activity and nonenzymatic antioxidants’ levels in seminal plasma of stallions and to relate them with season, age, and fertility of stallions. Fifty ejaculates were collected from six healthy Arabian stallions, 4-22 years old. Ejaculates were evaluated by conventional methods. Five milliliters of each semen sample was centrifuged, and the supernatant seminal plasma was stored at −20°C. Five antioxidants, in addition to osteopontin (OPN) and testosterone, were determined in stallion seminal plasma by using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results revealed that uric acid, ascorbic acid, OPN, and testosterone concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in stallions’ seminal plasma were high (P < .05) during spring. GPx activity was higher (P < .05) in age group B (11-18 years old) than in age group A (4-10 years old). The effect of stallions’ age on GPx activity in the fertility groups was highly significant (P < .01). OPN concentration was highest (P < .05) in age group A. Uric acid and OPN concentrations and GPx activity in stallions’ seminal plasma and percent of sperm motility were higher (P < .05) in fertility group III (>70%) than in fertility group I (<50%). However, ascorbic acid concentration, catalase activity and percentage of sperm abnormalities were lower (P < .05) in fertility group III than in fertility group I. It was concluded that season and stallion age may affect antioxidant defense systems in stallions’ seminal plasma. The impairment of seminal antioxidants and OPN could lead to low fertility.  相似文献   

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