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1.
旨在研究玻璃化冷冻对牛GV期卵母细胞全基因组甲基化的影响。本研究收集新鲜、玻璃化冷冻的牛GV卵母细胞，采用单细胞全基因组甲基化测序（ScWGBS）技术对新鲜、玻璃化法冷冻牛GV卵母细胞的全基因组甲基化水平进行检测，旨在揭示两者DNA甲基化模式的差异。结果表明，玻璃化冷冻不会对牛GV卵母细胞的全基因甲基化水平造成显著影响。基于基因本体（GO）和信号通路（KEGG）对140个差异甲基化区域（DMRs）进行分析，发现DMRs主要参与细胞发育、细胞骨架组织等功能，主要富集在PI3K-Akt信号通路、GnRH信号通路等，并筛选出与卵母细胞成熟（TSC2）、细胞骨架（NUDC）、细胞活力（MAFK）等相关的基因。上述结果，可为提高GV卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻效率奠定信息基础和研究方向。  相似文献   

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3.
玻璃化冷冻会严重损伤哺乳动物卵母细胞的线粒体功能,进而极大地限制了其解冻后的发育能力。为此,本试验设置3个钌红（RR）处理组,即牛卵母细胞用含0.5、1、2 μmol／L RR的玻璃化冷冻液进行冷冻,解冻后放入含0.5、1、2 μmol／L RR的体外成熟液中继续培养0.5 h,同时,新鲜卵母细胞一部分不进行冷冻,一部分用不含RR的冷冻液进行玻璃化冷冻,分别作为新鲜对照组和玻璃化冷冻对照组,然后共检测5组牛卵母细胞线粒体Ca2+水平、ATP含量及孤雌激活后胚胎的发育能力,进而研究RR对玻璃化冷冻牛卵母细胞线粒体Ca2+水平的调控作用。结果显示：①玻璃化冷冻显著提高了牛卵母细胞中线粒体Ca2+水平（P＜0.05）,而2 μmol／L RR处理组线粒体Ca2+水平显著低于冷冻对照组（P＜0.05）,但与新鲜组相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）;②玻璃化冷冻显著降低了牛卵母细胞中ATP含量（P＜0.05）,2 μmol／L RR处理组卵母细胞中ATP含量显著高于冷冻对照组及0.5、1 μmol/L RR处理组（P＜0.05）;③玻璃化冷冻对照组卵裂率、囊胚率显著低于新鲜对照组（P＜0.05）,1 μmol／L处理组卵裂率、囊胚率与新鲜对照组相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述,RR处理能显著抑制解冻后牛卵母细胞线粒体Ca2+流入,保护线粒体功能,提高其发育能力。本试验结果为正向调控玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞线粒体Ca2+水平,进而提高其发育能力,促进玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞的广泛应用提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

4.
Apoptosis is one of the main drivers of the decline in developmental potential of porcine oocytes after vitrification. However, which apoptotic pathways are engaged after vitrification remains poorly understood. To distinguish among the possible apoptotic pathways induced by vitrification of MII stage porcine oocytes, this study detected activity and expression levels of several key proteins and genes in both the death receptor and mitochondrial pathways using in situ fluorescence staining and real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) following the addition of specific inhibitors of either the death receptor or the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (Z‐IETD‐FMK or Z‐LEHD‐FMK, respectively) into the incubation solution. Survival and parthenogenetic developmental ability were also examined. The results showed the following: (i) compared with the vitrified group, the activities of pan‐caspase, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 as well as the early apoptotic rate were significantly lower in the Z‐IETD‐FMK and Z‐LEHD‐FMK groups (p < .05); (ii) After vitrification, mitochondrial ΔΨm decreased from 1.33 for fresh oocytes to 0.90 for vitrified oocytes, while the addition of Z‐IETD‐FMK or Z‐LEHD‐FMK following vitrification increased mitochondrial ΔΨm to 1.09 and 1.05, respectively (p < .05); (iii) Relative expression levels of apoptotic‐related genes from both the death receptor pathway (caspase 8 and TNF‐α) and the mitochondrial pathway (caspase 9, Bcl‐2 and CuZnSOD) changed substantially after the addition of Z‐IETD‐FMK or Z‐LEHD‐FMK into the incubation solution; (iv) Survival, cleavage and blastocyst rates were higher in the Z‐IETH‐FMK or Z‐LEHD‐FMK groups than in the vitrified group (p < .05). In summary, both the death receptor and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways participate in the apoptosis of MII stage porcine oocytes after vitrification.  相似文献   

5.
This study aimed to determine the optimum concentration of trehalose in solutions used for vitrification of in vitro matured (IVM) ovine oocytes. IVM oocytes were randomly divided into four experimental (vitrified) and one control (fresh) groups. Experimental groups were treated with different concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 M) of trehalose. After warming, some viable oocytes were exposed to 0.25% pronase to test zona pellucida hardening, whereas the others were fertilized and cultured in vitro for 8 days to evaluate their developmental competence. Blastocysts quality was assessed by differential staining and TUNEL test. Survival and developmental rates of oocytes vitrified in the presence of 0.5 M trehalose were significantly higher than those of the other vitrified groups. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between fresh and vitrified groups in total blastocyst rate. Analysis of blastocysts quality also revealed a significant difference between the group treated with 0.5 M trehalose and other groups in terms of apoptotic index. Furthermore,zona pellucida digestion time period was longer in trehalose‐free (0.0 M) group compared to other groups. In conclusion, we found that IVM ovine oocytes vitrified in solutions containing 0.5 M trehalose are fertilization‐competent and are able to produce good‐quality blastocysts with an apoptotic index comparable to that of the fresh oocytes. Therefore, 0.5 M may be considered the optimum concentration of trehalose to be used in solutions prepared for vitrification of oocytes.  相似文献   

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7.
Despite the numerous potential applications of oocyte cryopreservation, the poor success rate has limited its practical applications. In livestock, particularly in ovine, the oocytes have low developmental competence following vitrification/warming process. Considering the occurrence of osmotic and oxidative stresses during the vitrification/warming process, the application of antioxidants and osmolytes may improve the developmental competence of vitrified/warmed oocytes. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the addition of ascorbic acid (AA) and N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) as antioxidants and glycine as an organic osmolyte either to the vitrification/warming solutions (VWS) or to the IVM medium on the developmental competence of vitrified/warmed ovine germinal vesicle stage oocytes. The survival rate in the vitrified groups was significantly lower than fresh ones. In vitrified/warmed oocytes, there was no significant difference in survival rate between supplemented and non‐supplemented groups. The addition of AA and/or NAC to the VWS or IVM medium and adding glycine to the IVM medium reduced the proportion of apoptotic oocytes and fragmented embryos, which was reflected as an increase in the proportions of metaphase II stage oocytes and blastocyst production. The best result was achieved by supplementing the IVM medium with NAC. In our study condition, antioxidants and glycine could improve the developmental competence of vitrified/warmed ovine immature oocytes, especially when added during IVM.  相似文献   

8.
It was suggested that the cryodamage to oocytes' DNA has been responsible for the compromised developmental competence of cryopreserved oocytes. Vitrification of bovine oocytes affected not only cellular components, but also nuclear material. A significant rate of DNA fragmentation was found in bovine frozen or vitrified oocytes analysed by Comet assay regardless of cryopreservation method. Our method of vitrification using droplet system after gentle pre-equilibration treatment is one of the most effective cryopreservation methods employed for bovine oocytes so far, making it possible to develop 30% blastocyst stage embryos. In this study, the extent of DNA damage in bovine oocytes vitrified using three vitrification methods (droplet system, Open Pulled Straw and traditional vitrification in 0.25 ml insemination straws) was compared using Comet assay. Vitrification in droplet system and Open Pull Straws vitrification did not result in detectable cryoinjuries of DNA of bovine oocytes. On the contrary, DNA fragmentation was found in four of 26 oocytes vitrified in 0.25 ml straws (15.4%, p   ≤ 0.05 in comparison with the other vitrification methods).  相似文献   

9.
Unfertilized oocytes are one of the most desired germ cell stages for cryopreservation because these cryopreserved oocytes can be used for assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. However, in general, the fertility and developmental ability of cryopreserved oocytes are still low. The aim of the present study was to improve vitrification of mouse oocytes. First, the effects of calcium and cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol (EG), in vitrification medium on survival and developmental ability of vitrified oocytes were evaluated. Oocytes were vitrified by a minimal volume cooling procedure using different cryoprotectants. Most of the vitrified oocytes were morphologically normal after warming, but their fertility and development were low independently of calcium and cryoprotectants. Second, the effect of cumulus cells on ability of oocytes to be fertilized and develop in vitro was examined. The fertility and developmental ability of denuded oocytes (DOs) after IVF were reduced compared with cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) both in fresh and cryopreserved groups. Vitrified COCs showed significantly (P<0.05) higher fertility and ability to develop to the 2-cell and blastocyst stages than those of vitrified DOs with cumulus cells and vitrified DOs alone. The vitrified COCs developed to term at a high success rate equivalent to the rate obtained with IVF using fresh COCs. Taken together, the current results clearly demonstrate that, in the presence of surrounding cumulus cells, matured mouse oocytes vitrified using calcium-free media and EG retain their developmental competence. These findings will contribute to improve oocyte vitrification in not only experimental animals but also clinical application for human infertility.  相似文献   

10.
We tested the effects of resveratrol both as a pre‐treatment and as a recovery treatment after warming during in vitro maturation (IVM) on the viability and developmental competence of porcine oocytes vitrified at the germinal vesicle stage. Pre‐treatment before vitrification of oocytes for 3 hr with 2 μM resveratrol did not affect survival, oocyte maturation and embryo developmental competence to the blastocyst stage after parthenogenetic activation. However, supplementation of the medium with resveratrol during subsequent IVM after vitrification and warming significantly improved the ability of surviving oocytes to develop to the blastocyst stage, and this effect was observed only on vitrified, but not on non‐vitrified oocytes. The intracellular levels of glutathione and hydrogen peroxide in oocytes were not affected by vitrification and resveratrol treatment. Also, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of apoptosis measured by annexin V binding between vitrified and non‐vitrified oocytes, regardless of the resveratrol treatment. In conclusion, resveratrol did not prevent the cellular damages in immature porcine oocytes during vitrification; however, when added to the IVM medium, it specifically improved the developmental competence of vitrified oocytes. Further research will be necessary to clarify the mechanisms of action of resveratrol on the recovery of vitrified oocytes from vitrification‐related damages.  相似文献   

11.
旨在探究dCas9-SunTag-DNMT3A编辑系统对玻璃化冷冻牛卵母细胞IVF囊胚中IGF2R基因甲基化水平及胚胎发育能力的影响,为冷冻卵母细胞/胚胎特定位点DNA甲基化的精确调控奠定基础。本研究将经过体外成熟的牛卵母细胞进行玻璃化冷冻,随后进行体外受精,将受精所得到的原核胚进行dCas9-SunTag-DNMT3A编辑系统的注射,统计并计算卵母细胞的发育情况;通过亚硫酸盐测序的方式检测IGF2R基因启动子的甲基化水平,并利用荧光定量PCR检测IGF2R及相关基因的表达水平。与冷冻组相比,注射不同浓度的dCas9-SunTag-DNMT3A编辑系统后,只有40 ng·μL-1组显著地提高了玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞IVF后的发育能力(P＜0.05),20和60 ng·μL-1组间差异不显著(P＞0.05),但40 ng·μL-1组发育效果仍然显著低于新鲜对照组(P＜0.05);对检测冷冻组、新鲜组、40 ng·μL-1组IGF2R基因启动子甲基化水平分析发现,40 ng·μL-1组水平与新鲜组相似,显著高于冷冻组(P＜0.05);荧光定量试验结果显示,40 ng·μL-1组IGF2R基因mRNA表达水平相较于冷冻组显著降低(P＜0.05),与新鲜组相似。注射40 ng·μL-1的dCas9-SunTag-DNMT3A甲基化编辑系统能够通过有效升高IGF2R基因启动子甲基化水平(P＜0.05)及显著降低其mRNA表达水平(P＜0.05),来正向调节玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞IVF胚胎的发育情况,提高胚胎发育能力,使得其卵裂率和囊胚率都得到显著提高(P＜0.05),同时促进胚胎发育相关基因的表达。  相似文献   

12.
After vitrification of oocytes, fertilization rates and subsequent development are unsatisfactory, possibly due in part to zona hardening. Foetal calf serum (FCS) can prevent zona hardening because of its fetuin content, but FCS composition varies among batches, and may contain viruses. In this study, we therefore compared media supplemented with different sources of macromolecules, 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 2% BSA + 1 mg/ml fetuin and 20% FCS, for handling oocytes for 10–30 min prior to vitrification. None of the treatments resulted in developmental rates comparable with the non‐vitrified controls, but FCS inclusion in pre‐vitrification handling medium resulted in higher blastocyst production per oocyte (p < 0.05) (10.8%) on day 9 of culture than BSA (5.3%) or BSA + fetuin (6.4%). Blastocysts developing from oocytes from all vitrification treatments were somewhat retarded relative to those developed from non‐vitrified oocytes. We also tested the use of fetuin during vitrification as well as two different exposure times with cryoprotectants, 180 and 30 s. There was no significant effect of fetuin or exposure time on rates of subsequent blastocyst production.  相似文献   

13.
Many experiments show that vitrification significantly reduces the fertilization capacity of mammalian oocytes, restricting the application of vitrified oocytes. It has been proven that the JUNO protein plays a vital role in mammalian oocytes fertilization. However, little information is available about the effects of vitrification on the JUNO protein and the procedure to protect it in bovine oocytes. Here, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of vitrification on the JUNO protein level in bovine oocytes. In this study, MII oocytes were treated with cholesterol-loaded methyl-β-cyclodextrin (CLC; 0, 10, 15, 20 mM) for 45 min before vitrification and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD; 0, 2.25, 4.25, 6.25 mM) for 45 min after thawing (38–39°C). Then, the expression level and function of JUNO protein, cholesterol level in the membrane, the externalization of phosphatidylserine, sperm binding capacity and the developmental ability of vitrified bovine oocytes were examined. Our results showed that vitrification significantly decreased the JUNO protein level, cholesterol level, sperm binding capacity, development ability, and increased the promoter methylation level of the JUNO gene and apoptosis level of bovine oocytes. Furthermore, 15 mM CLC + 4.25 mM MβCD treatment significantly improved the cholesterol level and increased sperm binding and development ability of vitrified bovine oocytes. In conclusion, the combination treatment of cholesterol-loaded methyl-β-cyclodextrin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin significantly improves the fertilization capacity of vitrified bovine oocytes by protecting fertilization protein JUNO.  相似文献   

14.
Vitrification by the Cryotop method is frequently used for bovine oocyte cryopreservation. Nevertheless, vitrified oocytes still have reduced developmental competency compared with fresh counterparts. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of vitrification either at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage or at the metaphase II (MII) stage on epigenetic characteristics of bovine oocytes and subsequently developing embryos. Our results demonstrated that vitrification of oocytes at each meiotic stage significantly reduced blastocyst development after in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, vitrification at the GV stage resulted in higher blastocyst development than did vitrification at the MII stage. Irrespective of the meiotic stage, oocyte vitrification did not affect 5-methylcytosine (5mC) immunostaining intensity in oocyte DNA. However, at both stages, it caused a similar reduction of 5mC levels in DNA of subsequently developing blastocysts. Oocyte vitrification had no effect on the intensity of H3K9me3 and acH3K9 immunostaining in oocytes and subsequent blastocysts. The results suggest that irrespective of meiotic stage, oocyte vitrification alters global methylation in resultant embryos although such alteration in the oocytes was not detected. Oocyte vitrification might not influence histone acetylation and methylation in oocytes and resultant embryos. Vitrification at the immature stage was more advantageous for blastocyst development than at the mature stage.  相似文献   

15.
The aim of the present study was to compare the efficiency of the solid surface (SSV), cryotop (CT) vitrification methods and cytochalasin B (CB) pretreatment for cryopreservation of immature buffalo oocytes. Cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) were placed for 1 min in TCM199 containing 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 10% ethylene glycol (EG), and 20% fetal bovine serum, and then transferred for 30 s to base medium containing 20% DMSO, 20% EG and 0.5 mol/L sucrose. CB pretreated ((+)CB) or non‐pretreated ((?)CB) COCs were vitrified either by SSV or CT. Surviving vitrified COCs were selected for in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). The rate of viable oocytes after vitrification in CT groups (82%) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in a fresh control group (100%), but significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in SSV groups (71–72%). Among vitrified groups, the highest maturation rate was obtained in the CT (?)CB group (32%). After IVF, the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were similar among vitrified groups but significantly lower than those of the control group. In conclusion, a higher survival rate of oocytes after vitrification and IVM was obtained in the CT group compared with that in the SSV group, indicating the superiority of the CT method. Pretreatment with CB did not increase the viability, maturation or embryo development of vitrified oocytes.  相似文献   

16.
旨在探讨玻璃化冷冻-解冻对牦牛未成熟卵母细胞发育能力及卵丘-卵母细胞复合体（COCs）转录组的影响，为完善牦牛COCs冷冻保存技术提供理论依据。本研究将未经成熟培养的牦牛COCs进行玻璃化冷冻-解冻后分为2组，A组：COCs体外成熟（IVM）后用普通牛精子进行体外受精（IVF），获得的受精卵在G-1胚胎培养液中培养72 h后转入G-2培养液培养96 h；B组：IVF后，受精卵在G-1培养液培养120 h后转入G-2培养液培养48 h；以未进行冷冻处理的新鲜COCs作为对照组（C组）：IVF后，受精卵在G-1培养液培养72 h后转入G-2培养液培养96 h。对牦牛新鲜COCs（n=3）和玻璃化冷冻-解冻的COCs（n=3）进行扩增、建库和转录组测序（RNA-seq）分析。结果发现，B组的卵裂率、囊胚率显著高于A组（P<0.05），但A组和B组的卵裂率、囊胚率均显著低于C组（P<0.05）。以|log2（fold change）|≥ 2，Q<0.05为阈值，牦牛冻融COCs相对于新鲜COCs共筛选出851个差异表达基因（DEGs），其中上调846个，下调5个。GO分析表明，DEGs主要富集于生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能3大类；KEGG注释结果表明，DEGs富集到258条通路，其中16条通路显著富集（P<0.05）。研究表明，IVF后在G-1培养液中培养120 h可以提高牦牛玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞的后续发育能力；玻璃化冷冻影响牦牛COCs转录组，从而降低卵母细胞的发育潜力。该发现为完善牦牛COCs玻璃化冷冻技术提供了一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

17.
Vitrification of immature bovine oocytes by the microdrop method   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
This study was conducted to determine the optimal vitrification conditions for immature bovine oocytes using the microdrop method. In experiment 1, the optimal pre-equilibration period for microdrop vitrification was examined. The maturation rate of vitrified oocytes with a 3 min first pre-equilibration period (41.1%) was higher than that of vitrified oocytes with a 0 min first pre-equilibration period (21.4%), and the values of those with a 1 (33.9%) or 5 min (27.4%) first pre-equilibration period were intermediate. The value for a 1 min second pre-equilibration period (44.4%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those for a 0.5 (28.6%) and 2 min (21.4%) second pre-equilibration period. In experiment 2, the distribution of microtubules in matured oocytes was investigated. There was no difference among the first pre-equilibration times in terms of the rates of normal spindles in vitrified oocytes. However, this value was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the 1 min group (52.8%) compared with the 0.5 (16.7%) and 2 min groups (12.3%). In experiment 3, we investigated the developmental capacity of immature bovine oocytes vitrified under optimal pre-equilibration conditions (3 min and 1 min for the first and second pre-equilibrations, respectively). Although the total fertilization rates were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the vitrified oocytes (65.6%) compared with the control oocytes (92.4%), there was no difference in the rate of normal fertilization (2PN) between the vitrified (78.6%) and control (82.0%) oocytes. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were significantly lower (P<0.05) in vitrified oocytes (55.7 and 2.3%) than in control oocytes (84.4 and 34.7%). Thus, these results indicated that immature bovine oocytes can survive after microdrop vitrification and subsequently can be cultured to mature oocytes capable of undergoing fertilization in vitro and developing into blastocysts.  相似文献   

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19.
Vitrification has been the method of choice for the cryopreservation of bovine oocytes, as rapid cooling decreases chilling sensitivity. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo survival and the viability of immature oocytes vitrified using super‐cooled liquid nitrogen. Immature oocytes were randomly allocated to three groups: (i) non‐vitrified control group, (ii) vitrified in normal (?196°C) liquid nitrogen (LN2) and (iii) vitrified in super‐cooled LN2 (≤?200°C). Open‐pulled glass micropipettes were used as vitrification containers. Immature oocytes were in vitro‐matured, fertilized and cultured to the blastocyst stage. In vitro viability was assessed by cleavage and blastocyst rates on days 2 and 7 of culture respectively. Vitrified blastocysts derived from the immature vitrified oocytes were directly transferred to synchronous recipients. The in vitro embryo development of vitrified immature oocytes was not influenced by the LN2 state. After direct transfer (one embryo per recipient) of 16 embryos obtained from immature vitrified oocytes (eight from each vitrified group), two healthy calves were born in each group. These results indicated that vitrification of immature bovine oocytes using glass micropipettes under normal or super‐cooled LN2, resulted in viable blastocysts and live calves following in vitro embryo production.  相似文献   

20.
玻璃化冷冻作为一种操作简单、成功率高的细胞保存方式具有诸多优点，广泛应用于农业、医学、生物等领域。但相较于新鲜卵母细胞，玻璃化冷冻后的卵母细胞仍存在许多问题，如玻璃化冷冻后的卵母细胞妊娠率和产活仔率低于新鲜的卵母细胞、基因表达异常等。表观遗传学是研究基因在核苷酸序列不发生改变的情况下基因表达的可遗传变化的一门学科。表观遗传修饰在不改变DNA序列的情况下使基因和环境之间产生相互作用。在体外胚胎生产过程中，外界环境因素会对表观遗传修饰造成影响。作者从表观遗传学方面综述了玻璃化冷冻对哺乳动物MⅡ期卵母细胞DNA和全基因组甲基化、组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化、磷酸化及泛素化、基因印迹、microRNA的影响，以及玻璃化冷冻MⅡ卵母细胞后表观遗传修饰的改变对转录过程中基因的表达影响，为揭示并调控玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞后表观遗传修饰事件、进一步提高玻璃化冷冻后卵母细胞的质量提供参考。  相似文献   

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