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1.
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2.
The effect of four mutated genes affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis was investigated relative to tomato and pepper germination capacities and early seedlings and plantlets growth. The study was performed on isogenic/near isogenic lines (IL/NIL) differing for genes ah (Hoffmann’s anthocyaninless), aw (anthocyanin without) and bls (babylea syndrome) in tomato and al 1 (anthocyaninless – 1) in pepper. Germination responses of the IL/NILs showed that genes ah, aw and bls in tomato and al 1 in pepper enhanced germination abilities under stress conditions regardless of the inherent seed properties that imparted rapid germination. This evaluation was conducted with four very different types of stress: 13 °C, 33 °C,120 mM NaCl and 15% PEG-6000 water solutions. The four genes exercised no effect on root and hypocotyl elongation under the same stress conditions and their effect on plantlets growth varied depending on the genotype and the treatment. The usefulness of genes ah, aw, blsand al 1 in breeding tomato and pepper cultivars tolerant to adverse climatic conditions at germination when used as a morphological marker, is discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

3.
利用同源克隆方法, 在芥菜型油菜中克隆了DFR基因。在DNA和cDNA中扩增的DFR基因大小分别为 1 612 bp和1 214 bp。该基因含有5个内含子, 开放阅读框为1 158 bp, 预计编码385个氨基酸, 预测分子量为42 886.0 Da, 推测的等电点为5.54。DFR基因在芥菜型油菜紫叶芥和黑籽近等基因系的叶片、胚和种皮中都表达, 在四川黄籽中只在叶片和胚中表达。DFR基因在四川黄籽种皮中不表达, 导致种皮中花色素和原花色素不能合成, 从而种皮透明, 形成黄籽, 因此DFR基因是油菜种皮颜色形成途径中一个关键基因。本研究为利用该基因与种子、种皮特异启动子构建反义表达载体或RNAi载体, 阐明油菜种皮颜色形成的分子机理和创造黄籽油菜新种质奠定了基础。  相似文献   

4.
In Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), the clubroot resistance (CR) genes Crr1 and Crr2 are effective against the mild Plasmodiophora brassicae isolate Ano-01 and the more virulent isolate Wakayama-01, but not against isolate No. 14, classified into pathotype group 3. ‘Akiriso’, a clubroot-resistant F1 cultivar, showed resistance to isolate No. 14. To increase the durability of resistance, we attempted to identify the CR locus in ‘Akiriso’. CR in ‘Akiriso’ segregated as a single dominant gene and was linked to several molecular markers that were also linked to CRb, a CR locus from cultivar ‘CR Shinki’. We developed additional markers around CRb and constructed partial genetic maps of this region in ‘Akiriso’ and ‘CR Shinki’. The positions and order of markers in the genetic maps of the two cultivars were very similar. The segregation ratios for resistance to isolate No. 14 in F2 populations derived from each of the two cultivars were also very similar. These results suggest that the CR locus in ‘Akiriso’ is CRb or a tightly linked locus. The newly developed markers in this study were more closely linked to CRb than previously reported markers and will be useful for marker-assisted selection of CRb in Chinese cabbage breeding.  相似文献   

5.
Single or double flower type is one of the most important breeding targets in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). We mapped the D 85 locus, which controls flower type, to LG 85P_15–2 using a simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based genetic linkage map constructed using 91 F2 progeny derived from a cross between line 85–11 (double flower) and ‘Pretty Favvare’ (single flower). A positional comparison using SSR markers as anchor loci revealed that the map positions of the D 85 locus corresponded to the single locus controlling the single flower type derived from wild D. capitatus ssp. andrzejowskianus. We identified four co-segregating SSR markers on the D 85 locus. Verification of the SSR markers in commercial cultivars revealed that two of the four SSR markers (CES0212 and CES1982) were tightly linked to the D 85 locus, and amplified a 176-bp and 269-bp allele, respectively, which were common and unique to double flower cultivars. The map positions of the D 85 locus and the tightly linked SSR markers will be useful for determining the genetic basis of flower type and for marker-assisted breeding of carnations.  相似文献   

6.
兜兰二氢黄烷酮醇-4-还原酶基因的克隆及其表达特性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
克隆同色兜兰二氢黄烷酮醇-4-还原酶基因DFR,分析其序列特征,了解其在不同组织部位的表达情况。采用RT-PCR和RACE技术从花中克隆DFR的全长cDNA,用生物信息学方法分析序列特征,并用半定量RT-PCR研究其在不同组织的表达。分离到DFR,该cDNA全长1267 bp,具有1个1074 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码357个氨基酸。序列分析表明,该DFR蛋白含有1个NADB_Rossmann superfamily保守结构域,1个NADP(H)结合域和1个底物特异性结合域,其与文心兰、石斛兰和大花蕙兰等的DFR同源性在75%~80%。系统进化树显示,该DFR蛋白与兰科植物的DFR蛋白亲缘关系比较近。半定量RT-PCR表明,该DFR在成熟花和营养叶中的表达量最高,在子房、苞叶、萼片和花瓣中的表达量相当,在唇瓣中的表达量次之,在蕊柱中的表达量较唇瓣中的低,在花茎中的表达量最低,在根中几乎检测不到。原核表达结果表明,该DFR在大肠杆菌中获得表达。从兜兰中克隆到花色代谢途径中的关键酶基因DFR,该基因可能参与调控花色素的合成。  相似文献   

7.
While the cultivated soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is more recalcitrant to pod dehiscence (shattering-resistant) than wild soybean, Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc., there is also significant genetic variation in shattering resistance among cultivated soybean cultivars. To reveal the genetic basis and develop DNA markers for pod dehiscence, several research groups have conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using segregated populations derived from crosses between G. max accessions or between a G. max and G. soja accession. In the populations of G. max, a major QTL was repeatedly identified near SSR marker Sat_366 on linkage group J (chromosome 16). Minor QTLs were also detected in several studies, although less commonality was found for the magnitudes of effect and location. In G. max × G. soja populations, only QTLs with a relatively small effect were detected. The major QTL found in G. max was further fine-mapped, leading to the development of specific markers for the shattering resistance allele at this locus. The markers were used in a breeding program, resulting in the production of near-isogenic lines with shattering resistance and genetic backgrounds of Japanese elite cultivars. The markers and lines developed will hopefully contribute to the rapid production of a variety of shattering-resistant soybean cultivars.  相似文献   

8.
ABI5在植物种子休眠与萌发、生长发育、花青素合成以及对逆境胁迫的响应等诸多生物学过程中起着重要作用。而大量研究表明ABI5参与种子休眠与萌发,少有研究表明ABI5参与花青素合成。为了探究ABI5转录因子参与调控小麦花青素合成,本研究从‘贵紫麦1号’中扩增得到Gz ABI5-3A3的c DNA全长。其启动子顺式元件分析结果表明Gz ABI5-3A3可能参与调控植物生长、光合作用、开花及种子萌发和花青素累积的生物学过程。蛋白质系统进化树分析表明,Gz ABI5-3A3与小麦中Ta ABI5D-SH-31、Ta ABI5D-SH-23和Ta ABI5D-SW-23同源。本研究进一步构建Gz ABI5-3A3基因的过表达载体PBI121-Gz ABI5-3A3,用于烟草遗传转化,共获得8个烟草转基因株系。本研究对Gz ABI5-3A3过表达转基因株系进行研究发现,转基因烟草株系L4、L7和L15苗期叶片中花青素含量显著低于野生型,其花青素合成途径的结构基因Nt PAL、Nt DFR、Nt ANS和Nt CHS的表达量显著下降。研究结果表明Gz ABI5-3A3能够通过调控花青素合成途径结构基因的表达来负向调控植物花青素的合成,为后续研究Gz ABI5-3A3调控花青素合成的分子机制提供研究基础。  相似文献   

9.
The recessive gene ol-2 confers papilla-associated and race-non-specific resistance to tomato powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici. In order to facilitate marker assisted selection (MAS) in practical breeding programmes, we identified two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and one cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker which are linked to the resistance locus and co-dominantly inherited. Aiming to provide a base for ol-2 positional cloning, we used a large segregating F2 population to merge these markers with all the ol-2 linked amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP®) markers previously identified in an integrated genetic map. By screening a tomato bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library, we detected two BAC clones containing two expressed sequence tags (ESTs) homologous to the gene mlo, responsible for powdery mildew resistance in barley, as well as an ol-2-linked marker. Chromosomal mapping by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) revealed major signals of the two BAC DNAs in the pericentromeric heterochromatin of the short arm of chromosome 4, in the same region where the ol-2 gene was previously mapped. The genetic and cytogenetic co-localisation between ol-2 and tomato mlo-homologue(s), in addition to the similarity of ol-2 and mlo resistances for both genetic and phytopathological characteristics, suggests that ol-2 is likely a mlo-homologue. Thus, a homology-based cloning approach could be more suitable than positional cloning for ol-2 isolation.  相似文献   

10.
Some sorghum cultivars are sensitive to organophosphate insecticides, which cause red to purple injury spots and, in severe cases, leaf death. Sensitivity to organophosphates is conditioned by a single locus on chromosome 5. We constructed a high-density genetic map around the locus, termed osr, using DNA markers, and delimited osr to a 377-kb region on the short arm of chromosome 5. Sequence analysis of this region predicted 19 gene candidates. Four of the candidates are homologous to a disease resistance NBS-LRR gene. mRNA-Seq analysis of gene expression and SNPs from two resistant cultivars (‘JN43’ and ‘Greenleaf’) and one sensitive cultivar (‘Nakei MS3B’) suggest that one or more members of this NBS-LRR gene family are osr. Our results suggested that the recessive allele of osr results in sensitivity to OP insecticides.  相似文献   

11.
A linkage map of eggplant was constructed for an interspecific F2 population derived from a cross between Solanum linnaeanum MM195 and S. melongena MM738. The map contains 400 AFLP® (amplified fragment length polymorphism), 348 RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and 116 COSII (conserved ortholog set) markers. The 864 mapped markers encompass 12 linkage groups, span 1,518 cM and are spaced at an average interval of 1.8 cM. Use of orthologous markers allowed confirmation of the established syntenic relationships between eggplant and tomato chromosomes and helped delineate the nature of the 33 chromosomal rearrangements and 11 transpositions distinguishing the two species. This genetic map provides a 2- to 3-fold improvement in marker density compared to previously published interspecific maps. Because the interspecific mapping population is rich in morphological variation, this greater genome saturation will be useful for QTL (quantitative trait locus) analyses. The recent release of the tomato genome sequence will provide additional opportunities for exploiting this map for comparative genomics and crop improvement.  相似文献   

12.
Identification of RAPD markers linked to the Ns locus in potato   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Using the RAPD method and bulked segregant analysis we identified four RAPD markers linked to a dominant gene Ns, responsible for a hypersensitive reaction of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to potato virus S (PVS) infection. The markers OPE15550, OPJ13500, OPG17450 and OPH19900 were found to be closely linked to the Ns gene in diploid potato clones. They are situated at 2.6, 3.3, 4.6 and 6.6 cM from Ns, respectively. As a source of the gene, clone G-LKS 678147/60, which is known to carry Ns transferred from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena was used. These RAPD markers were not amplified in resistant tetraploid clones containing Ns derived from the clone MPl65 118/3, also having an andigenum origin. This suggests that there may be two separate loci of Ns in the sources identified, or different alleles with the same specificity at a single locus, or that the genetic background of tetraploids tested results in different RAPD amphlification patterns.  相似文献   

13.
芥菜型油菜黄籽性状的遗传、基因定位和起源探讨   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  
油菜种皮颜色既是一个形态指示性状, 又与种子休眠和品质有关。以芥菜型油菜种皮颜色分离的2个BC6F2群体为作图群体,用微卫星(SSR)等标记进行连锁定位, 并用定位标记对22份材料进行关联分析, 通过反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)分析12份材料种皮中4-二氢黄酮醇还原酶(DFR)、花色素合酶(ANS)和花色素还原酶(ANR)基因的表达, 对6份黄籽材料的种皮颜色基因等位性进行测定, 结果将芥菜型油菜控制种皮颜色的2个基因位点分别定位到A9和B3连锁群, 并找到其两侧紧密连锁标记, 发现黄籽材料种皮颜色基因位点附近0.9 cM和1.5 cM区域高度保守, 所有黑色种皮中DFR、ANS和ANR基因均表达, 所有黄色种皮中DFR和ANS均不表达,但ANR基因表达或不表达,黄籽材料的种皮颜色基因等位。根据这些结果结合前人研究, 认为芥菜型油菜种皮颜色基因是调控基因,黄籽为单一起源。  相似文献   

14.
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15.
The purple-leaf phenotype in Chinese cabbage is due to the accumulation of anthocyanin. To investigate the pattern of inheritance of this trait in Brassica rapa, F1, F2 and backcross (BC) populations were constructed by crossing 09N-742, a pak-choi inbred line that has purple leaves, with a green-leaved Chinese cabbage inbred line, 09-680. Using a segregating F2 population, we identified a single dominant gene, BrPur, for purple leaf, and mapped the gene to a locus on linkage group A03 of B. rapa. Furthermore, sequences from BAC clones and other sources were used to develop molecular marker loci that are tightly linked to BrPur by using a BC1 population of 1,152 individuals. BrPur was assigned to a locus between Indel markers BVRCPI613 and BVRCPI431, which defined a genetic interval of 0.6 cM and a genomic region of 54.87 kb. Sequence analysis of this chromosomal region revealed seven open reading frames. These results provide a foundation for map-based cloning, identification, and functional analysis of the BrPur gene in B. rapa.  相似文献   

16.
K. M. Bae    Y. S. Kwon    I. H. Cho    S. I. Yi 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(5):488-492
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17.
Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most serious soybean (Glycine max) diseases in tropical and subtropical areas. A soybean line, PI 587855, showed a resistance phenotype against ASR pathogens in Japan and South America at high frequency; however, little is known of the genetic control of this resistance and chromosomal location of the corresponding locus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the inheritance of PI 587855 resistance and map the corresponding locus with SSR markers aiming to use the linked markers in marker‐assisted selection. In the segregating population, resistance to ASR appeared to be controlled by a single dominant gene. The ASR resistance locus was mapped near to the chromosomal region where the resistant loci, Rpp1 and Rpp1‐b, were previously mapped. Comparative genetic mapping and disease reaction profiles of other seven lines carrying Rpp1 or Rpp1‐b to four Brazilian ASR isolates revealed that the resistance reaction exhibited by PI 587855 was similar to that of Rpp1‐b‐carrying varieties which have useful resistance to South American ASR strains.  相似文献   

18.
通过分离矮牵牛DFR-A基因,研究其在不同部位的表达规律和酶活性变化,为花色素苷合成的结构基因分离及其他研究奠定基础。基于已公布的矮牵牛DFR序列,直接从矮牵牛花瓣中分离了DFRA基因序列,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究其在不同器官中的表达特性,同时测定了不同器官中的DFR酶活性。（1）矮牵牛DFR-A基因cDNA序列为1473 bp,该基因最大开放阅读框为1143 bp,编码380个氨基酸。（2）DFR-A基因在矮牵牛各种器官中均有表达,但不同组织中表达量存在差异,在花药中的表达量最高,其次是初开和盛开花瓣中,各期花蕾中的表达量都较低,而在叶中表达量最低。（3）DFR酶在叶片及花药中几乎无活性。在初开花瓣中达到最高峰。（4）除花药以外的部位,DFR酶活性与DFR mRNA浓度存在线性相关性。矮牵牛DFR酶活性主要受转录调控,活性在初开花瓣中最高。  相似文献   

19.
Flavonoids, in particular the anthocyanins,are responsible for flower colour in manyspecies. The dihydroflavonols represent abranch point in flavonoid biosynthesis,being the intermediates for production ofboth the coloured anthocyanins, through theaction of the enzyme dihydroflavonol4-reductase (DFR), and the colourlessflavonols, produced by flavonol synthase(FLS). In this study the white-flowered,flavonol accumulating Mitchell line ofpetunia was used as a model to examine theinteraction between DFR and FLS enzymeactivities and possibilities forredirecting flavonoid biosynthesis awayfrom production of flavonols and towardsanthocyanins. Introduction of a 35SCaMV-DFR sense transgene construct causedthe production of anthocyanins, resultingin a pink-flowered phenotype. Furthermore,inhibition of FLS production throughintroduction of an FLS antisense RNAconstruct also led to anthocyaninproduction and a pink-flowered phenotype. A combination of both transgenes gave thehighest level of anthocyanin formation. Anthocyanins were produced in the DFR-senseand FLS-antisense transgenic lines in spiteof the greatly reduced levels of geneexpression in the Mitchell line for threeenzymes late in anthocyanin biosynthesis,anthocyanindin synthase, UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase andUDP-rhamnose: anthocyanidin-3-glucosiderhamnosyltransferase. Thus, the level ofgene activity required for visibleanthocyanin formation is much lower thanthe high levels normally induced duringpetal development. Altering the balancebetween the DFR and FLS enzyme activities,using genetic modification, may be a usefulstrategy for introducing or increasinganthocyanin production in target ornamentalspecies.  相似文献   

20.
D. H. He    Z. X. Lin    X. L. Zhang    Y. X. Zhang    W. Li    Y. C. Nie    X. P. Guo 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(3):286-294
The interspecific genetic introgression approach has been shown to facilitate the detection and dissection of quantitative trait loci (QTL). A population consisting of 121 F6 recombinant inbred lines was developed by crossing Gossypium hirsutum cv. ‘Handan 208’ and G. barbadense cv. ‘Pima 90’ via single‐seed descent. Genotyping indicated that the mean ‘Pima 90’ allele frequency at each locus was 21%. Phenotyping and phenotypic distribution indicated a trend of return of individual lines’ characters to ‘Handan 208’ coupled with a wide variance for each trait. Significant loci influencing fibre quality were detected by one‐way analysis of variance (anova; P < 0.005) and association analysis [?log10(P) ≥ 3]: five and three markers for fibre length, four and one marker(s) for uniformity, two and one marker(s) for micronaire, 13 and 15 markers for strength, six and 10 markers for elongation, respectively. Two‐way anova based on genotypes of all marker loci combination showed that 807 two‐locus combinations were significant, and two‐way anova based on marker genotypes of QTL markers combination showed five significant digenic interactions (P < 0.01).  相似文献   

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