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1.
本文研究了分布西藏和四川地区的藏山羊乳蛋白、乳糖和乳脂含量，并对乳中４种酶活力及乳清蛋白的组成进行了研究。结果表明：藏山羊乳中３种营养成分存在一的地区差异，脱脂乳中乳酸脱氢酶，碱性磷酸酶，ｒ－保氨酰转肽酶、乳过氧化物酶活力分别为８１．９±３７．８，７．７±３．５，４３７．４±９３．０，５３２．７±２０２．６单位。乳过氧化物酶在体外可被１０＾－５Ｍ的硫氰酸根或乳酸根活化。用琼脂糖凝胶电泳可将乳ＬＤＨ 相似文献
2.
对40只藏绵羊脱脂乳中4种酶的活力进行了检测,结果显示,乳中酶活力存在较大个体差异。γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、乳过氧化物酶(LP)和淀粉酶(AMY)的活力分别为268.25±89.18U/100mL、231.85±107.38U/100mL、3.97±3.68U/mL、80.65±73.91U/100mL。其中,头胎和第2胎乳中的淀粉酶活力显著高于第3、4胎,乳中其他酶的活力未见明显的胎次变化。研究发现,藏绵羊乳中的乳过氧化物酶和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活力较牦牛乳和藏山羊乳的低得多,尤其是乳过氧化物酶活力极低。 相似文献
3.
用SDS—PAGE在还原条件下分析了成都麻羊和波尔山羊脱脂乳蛋白及乳清蛋白的组成。结果显示 ,两种山羊乳蛋白含量分别为 44 2± 3 4g/L和 45 9± 2 4g/L。脱脂乳蛋白包括α—乳清蛋白、β—乳球蛋白、酪蛋白、免疫球蛋白、血清白蛋白等组分 ,酪蛋白的相对含量在 70 %以上。在 β—乳球蛋白与酪蛋白之间存在较多的未定性蛋白区带 ,其带型和每条带的相对含量有明显的个体差异。实验还对乳清蛋白主要组分的相对含量进行了扫描测定 相似文献
4.
对不同胎次草地藏系绵羊乳营养成分含量、乳酶活力及乳蛋白组分进行了研究.结果表明草地藏系绵羊乳蛋白平均含量为48.45±13.21 g/L,乳糖平均含量为41.93±5.06 g/L,乳脂肪平均含量为69.43±11.41 g/L.乳蛋白含量第二胎显著高于第一胎(P＜0.05),第四胎极显著高于第一胎(P＜0.01);不同胎次间乳糖含量差异不显著(P＞0.05);乳脂含量随着胎次增加呈下降趋势,第一胎乳脂含量显著高于第四胎(P＜0.05).乳中γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化物酶(LP)和淀粉酶(AMY)的活力分别为268.25±89.18 U/100 mL、231.85±107.38 U/100mL、3.97±3.68 U/mL和80.65±73.91 U/100 mL;γ-GT的活力在不同胎次间未见明显变化(P＞0.05),而AKP和LP的活力在不同胎次间虽有的变化,但差异不明显(P＞0.05).乳蛋白主要包括α-乳清蛋白(α-La)、β-乳球蛋白(β-Lg)、酪蛋白(CN)、免疫球蛋白(IgG)等组分.其中酪蛋白的相对含量约50%～52%,优势明显;α-La相对含量较低.不同胎次间主要蛋白组分相对含量差异不显著(P＞0.05).对乳上皮粘蛋白(MUC1)研究发现它有4种分子量类型,分子量分别为214 kD、209 kD、207 kD、205 kD. 相似文献
5.
测定了63只草地藏系绵羊乳常规营养成分的含量,并用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了乳蛋白组分及乳蛋白多态性。结果表明:草地藏系绵羊脱脂乳中蛋白含量为(48.45±1.66)g/L,乳糖含量为(41.93±0.64)g/L,乳脂肪含量为(69.43±1.44)g/L;脱脂乳蛋白主要包括α-乳清蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、酪蛋白、免疫球蛋白等组分,酪蛋白的相对含量约为52%。乳中酪蛋白、β-乳球蛋白均未检测到多态性。试验检测到4种分子量类型的乳上皮粘蛋白(MUC1),分子量分别为214、209、207和205 ku。试验结果提示,草地藏系绵羊乳蛋白多态性较为贫乏。 相似文献
6.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法在完全相同的实验条件下,测定了我国三大良种黄牛——秦川牛、晋南牛和南阳牛的血清乳酸脱氨酶(LDH)同功酶谱型。结果表明,三个黄牛品种血清LDH同功酶谱的基本特点是LDH_1>LDH_2>LDH_3>LDH_4>LDH_5,但也出现了LDH_5≥LDH_4和LDH_2≥LDH_1的情况。同时还发现部分秦川牛除表现正常的五条酶带外,又表现了一条新的酶带。不同性别健康牛血清LDH同功酶谱的比较表明,各品种内,公母牛之间基本上没有显著差异,只是LDH_3在南阳牛的公母之间达到显著水准(P<0.05)。不同品种间LDH同功酶谱的比较表明,秦川、晋南和南阳黄牛之间未表现明显差异,而与其它牛品种相比表现了一定的差异。 相似文献
7.
用MilkScan-1340A/B型全自动综合乳质测仪和SDS-PAGE分别测定了成都麻羊、南江黄羊、金堂黑山羊、建昌黑山羊、北川白山羊、波尔山羊和波尔山羊(♂)与成都麻羊(♀)杂交一代羊乳的常规成分和乳蛋白组分。结果表明,乳中干物质波尔山羊为(160·57±8·61)g/L,显著高于成都麻羊和南江黄羊(P<0·05),其余品种(群体)间差异不显著;波尔山羊乳脂和乳蛋白含量分别为(60·62±2·81)g/L和(46·73±3·15)g/L,显著高于成都麻羊、南江黄羊和金堂黑山羊(P<0·05),其余品种(群体)间差异不显著。乳蛋白组分中,α-乳清蛋白、β-乳蛋白、免疫球蛋白的相对含量在山羊品种(群体)间差异均不显著;酪蛋白相对百分含量波尔山羊为(67·57±1·45)%,显著低于成都麻羊和南江黄羊(P<0·05)。 相似文献
8.
前言许多动物睾丸组织和精子中,有一种特殊的LDH(乳酸脱氢酶)同工酶蛋白质,它在电泳和作用方面明显地不同于机体其它组织中 LDH 同工酶,Blanco 等(1963)把这种酶称之为 LDH-X.据报道,人类睾丸和精子 LDH-X 带位于 LDH_3及LDH_4之间,牛、绵羊、兔和犬 LDH-X 带位于LDA_4和 LDH_3之间,鼠和鸽 LDH-X 带位于LDH_5之后. 相似文献
9.
乳铁蛋白和乳过氧化物酶是具有生物学活性的乳清蛋白,有益于消费者健康,但其生物学活性在高压处理过程中容易发生变性。对传统的食品热处理加工方法而言,高压处理因其具有抗微生物效果而不改变食品的感官和营养品质,是一种较好的替代方法。本试验研究了高压处理对脱脂乳和乳清中乳铁蛋白和乳过氧化物酶变性的影响,随着缓冲液中蛋白的分离,在20℃时控制压力范围在450～700MPa。乳铁蛋白的变性是利用夹心ELISA法测定其与特异性抗体反应性的丧失来衡量的。乳过氧化物酶变性是通过分光光度计测定其酶活的丧失而确定的。各处理组乳过氧化物酶均未真正失活。在每次压力处理过后,测定残留的具有免疫反应活性的乳铁蛋白浓度,数据进行动态分析以获得D和Z值。随着压力和持续时间的增加,乳铁蛋白变性增加,乳清中乳铁蛋白的D值较牛奶中偏低,且乳清和牛奶中的D值比磷酸盐缓冲液中低。因此,缓冲液和牛奶中的蛋白变性速度要慢于乳清中蛋白的变性。在以上3种介质中乳铁蛋白的变性遵循的反应级数为n=1.5。在脱脂乳、乳清和缓冲液中处理得到了乳铁蛋白的活性体积分别为-34.77、-24.35和-24.09mL/mol,说明压力导致了蛋白体积的下降。 相似文献
10.
乳清蛋白是牛乳中的一类重要蛋白质,主要由α-乳白蛋白、乳铁蛋白、血清白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、免疫球蛋白及乳过氧化物酶等构成,对人体健康有重要作用。介绍了牛乳乳清蛋白的主要组成及其营养特点,分析了影响牛乳乳清蛋白产品开发的关键因素,以期为进一步研究牛乳乳清蛋白在不同处理条件下的营养变化特征以及牛乳乳清蛋白相关产品的开发利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
SUMMARY Effects of storage at room temperature (23–25°C) and refrigeration (4–5°C) on various biochemical constituents of camel serum were investigated. Albumin, globulin, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) did not change over 9 days when stored at 4–5°C. At 4–5°C, creatinine, iron and glucose in camel sera remained stable for 6 days; total protein for 7 days; and blood urea nitrogen for 8 days. Decreased activities in creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were apparent after 1, 6 and 7 days, respectively. At room temperature, total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium and phosphorus were stable throughout the 9 days. Changes in glucose and iron occurred after 3 days. Stability at room temperature for LDH was 1 day; AST, 3 days; GGT and ALT, 6 days; and AP, 8 days. CK activity had already declined by 4 hours and by 9 days, only 34% activity remained. 相似文献
12.
将40头荷斯坦产奶牛随机分为4个试验组,每组10头。4种试验日粮均配制成蛋白质(CP)含量15.2%、产奶净能(NEL)6.90~7.06 MJ/kg。日粮通过调节豆粕和棉籽粕的用量改变日粮赖氨酸(Lys)含量,这样试验1组日粮赖氨酸含量为0.65%、试验2组0.62%、试验3组0.59%和试验4组0.56%。所有试验奶牛先饲喂10 d试验日粮作为预试期,然后开始70 d正试期。试验1组产奶量最高,平均为(27.13±1.53)kg/d;试验4组产奶量最低,平均为(24.40±1.56)kg/d;试验2组和3组依次为(26.18±1.37)和(25.27±1.58)kg/d;其中试验1组产奶量明显高于试验3组(P<0.01)和试验4组(P<0.01),试验2组明显高于试验4组(P<0.05)。因此,在日粮蛋白质含量保持相同和产奶净能相近的条件下,提高日粮赖氨酸含量则提高了奶牛产奶量,降低日粮赖氨酸含量则降低了奶牛产奶量;大量使用棉籽粕替代豆粕降低日粮赖氨酸含量,导致产奶量降低;尽管日粮赖氨酸含量容易提高奶牛日粮成本,由于提高产奶量,增加了产奶纯收入。使用日粮赖氨酸含量这一指标有利于评价奶牛产奶量、乳成分和经济效益。 相似文献
13.
The objective was to evaluate the intake, digestibility, milk yield and composition of cows fed mesquite pod meal (MPM). Five crossbred dairy cows, with an average body weight of 450?±?5 kg and producing 10?±?1 kg of milk/day were distributed in a 5?×?5 Latin square arrangement with five periods of 20 days each, comprised of 15 days for adaptation to the experimental diets (T1?=?0%, T2?=?1.5%, T3?=?3.0%, T4?=?4.5% and T5?=?6.0% MPM) and 5 days for data collection. Variables were assessed by analysis of variance and regression at P?<?0.01 and P?<?0.05 of significance, using the Student’s test. Animals were kept on pastures and the concentrates were provided at 6 kg/animal divided in two meals per day. The inclusion of 3.0% mesquite pod meal did not affect the intake, digestibility of nutrients and milk yield, but it changed milk composition. The dietary inclusion of 3.0% mesquite pod meal as a palatability enhancer increases the percentage of milk solids, lactose, fat and protein. Therefore, mesquite pod meal can be included in diets for dairy cows to improve the nutritive value of milk. 相似文献
14.
A 2 × 3 factorial design was used to study the impact of rearing systems, individual (I) versus group (G) and different levels of milk/skim milk feeding (F1, F2 and F3) on hemato‐biochemical profile, disease incidence and average daily gain of crossbred ( Bos indicus × Bos taurus) calves. Six calves were taken in each group on the basis of their birth weight and housed in individual (2.20 × 1.16 m 2/calf) or in group pens (2.20 × 1.03 m 2/calf). After 3 days of colostrum feeding, calves were allocated to one of three different milk feeding schedules: milk fed up to 8 weeks of age (F1), milk up to 4 weeks followed by 50% replacement by skim milk up to 6 weeks and 100% thereafter (F2) and 100% replacement of milk with skim milk after 4 weeks (F3). Calf starter and cereal green fodders were fed ad libitum from the second week of age and continued for 14 weeks. Parameters on health and disease profiles of calves (disease incidence, duration of illness, response to treatment and recovery) and weekly live weight change were recorded. Calf scour predominated (52.8%), followed by joint ill (25.0%) and respiratory infections (19.4%). The disease incidence was greater ( P < 0.01) in individually housed calves (94.4 vs. 55.9%). The management of navel ill required longer recovery (7.01 days) followed by joint ill (4.87 days) and respiratory infection (4.86 days). The average daily gain during 0–14 weeks of age was higher ( P < 0.01) in group‐housed calves (433 ± 22 vs. 355 ± 31 g), while the effect of feeding was not significant. Blood samples collected at 4, 8 and 14 weeks of age showed some periodic higher concentrations (but within normal range) of plasma urea and total protein in group housed calves on F2 and F3 feeding schedules in response to high protein intake. Other parameters remained non‐significantly different. Thus, group‐housed calves can be reared successfully with comparatively better performance and less illness than individually housed ones under the present health care and housing management system. However, the system should not be used as a substitute for good management, and frequent observations of calves should be an integral part of any successful rearing program. 相似文献
15.
Milk production parameters of purebred Jersey (J) cows and Fleckvieh?×?Jersey (F?×?J) cows in a pasture-based feeding system were compared using standard milk recording procedures. Milk, fat and protein production was adjusted to 305 days per lactation and corrected for age at calving. Effects of breed, parity, month and year were estimated for milk, fat and protein yield as well as fat and protein percentage, using the general linear model procedure. Fixed effects identified as affecting milk production parameters significantly were breed, parity and year. F?×?J cows produced significantly more milk than J cows (6141?±?102 and 5398?±?95 kg milk, respectively). Similarly, fat and protein yields were significantly higher in F?×?J (272?±?4 and 201?±?3 kg, respectively) than in Jersey cows (246?±?3 and 194?±?2 kg, respectively). Fat and protein percentages only differed slightly in absolute terms being 4.61?±?0.04 % fat in the Jersey compared to 4.47?±?0.04 % fat in the F?×?J. Protein levels for J and F?×?J cows were 3.62?±?0.03 and 3.51?±?0.03 %, respectively. Despite a lower fat percentage, F?×?J crossbred cows may be more productive than purebred Jersey cows which may be due to heterotic effects. 相似文献
16.
选择8头健康产奶水牛, 按产犊时间、胎次及产奶量相近的原则随机分成4组。采用4×4拉丁方设计, 试验分4期, 4个日粮处理组分别为对照组、半胱胺(CS) 处理组(10mg/d·kg体重)、有机铬(CrP) 处理组(0 8mg/kg精料) 及蛋氨酸羟基类似物(MHA) 处理组(35g/d·头), 研究CS、CrP和MHA对水牛产奶量、乳成分及血液生理生化指标的影响。试验结果表明: (1 ) CS、CrP和MHA组的产奶量分别比对照组提高3 89%、6 80%、5 90%, 但统计上差异不显著(P>0 05)。(2) CS和CrP组的乳总干物质比对照组稍低, 但MHA组的乳总干物质比对照组提高了2 25% (P>0 05); CS组乳中乳蛋白比对照组稍低, 而CrP和MHA组乳中乳蛋白分别比对照组提高1 29%和1 55% (P>0 05 );CS和CrP组乳中乳脂率分别下降4 08%和3 55% (P>0 05); 而MHA组乳脂率提高了8 17% (P>0 05)。(3) CS、CrP和MHA组血清总蛋白分别比对照组下降2 80%、11 22%和0 82% (P>0 05); CS和CrP组血清甘油三酯分别提高16 67%和11 11% (P>0 05 ); 三个处理组血清中无机离子(钾、钠、氯、钙、磷) 的含量与对照组无显著差异(P>0 05 )。(4 ) CS、CrP和MHA对血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH) 活性无显著影响(P>0 05); MHA组血清胰岛素(INS) 显著提高22 33% (P<0 05), 相似文献
17.
利用比色法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对６、１２、１８、２４月龄半血野牦牛,横交半血野牦牛和家牦牛睾丸、附睾组织ＬＤＨ同工酶活性及谱带表达进行测析。结果表明,睾丸、附睾ＬＤＨ在相同月龄其表达模式不同,６月龄睾丸ＬＤＨ有四条酶谱,活性百分率依次（ＬＤＨ１〉ＬＤＨ３〉ＬＤＨ２〉ＬＤＨ４）附睾只有三条酶谱（ＬＤＨ１〉ＬＤＨ２〉ＬＤＨ３）;到１２、１８月龄时,睾丸ＬＤＨ有五条酶谱（ＬＤＨ１〉ＬＤＨ３〉ＬＤＨ４ 相似文献
18.
This study aimed to investigate the milk production potential and the impact of nongenetic factors on milk yield and composition of Tunisian dromedary camels. Milk recording and sampling were carried out at monthly intervals over complete lactation for 3 years from 95 camels reared in intensive and semi-intensive systems. The overall means of daily milk yield and fat, protein, total solids, and ash contents were 4.21 ± 1.98 l/day, 2.45 ± 0.9%, 2.67 ± 0.74%, 10.75 ± 1.41%, and 0.85 ± 0.08%, respectively. The total milk yield was 1388.41 ± 575.46 l/lactation for 11 months of lactation. The daily milk yield increased regularly throughout lactation until it reached its peak in the 4th month postpartum and then decreased until the 17th month postpartum. The chemical components, except ash, followed an opposite trend to the milk yield. Their minimum contents were recorded during the 7th and 8th months postpartum, while the maximum levels were observed during the 17th month postpartum. Regarding seasonal variation, the highest daily milk yield was recorded during summer (June), whereas the lowest was found in winter (December). In contrast, the maximum and minimum contents of fat and protein were observed during winter (December) and summer (July), respectively. Similarly, total solids content was maximum in January and minimum in August. Parity had no effect on daily milk yield, while all chemical components were higher in milk from primiparous than multiparous camels. Calf sex and management system did not affect the milk yield and composition. These results are useful in order to develop feeding strategies and breeding programs for improving milk production. 相似文献
19.
本试验旨在研究散栏式饲养方式下,饲喂半胱胺盐酸盐对泌乳中期热应激奶牛生产性能的影响。选择48头健康荷斯坦奶牛[体重(562.25±37.85)kg,泌乳天数(123.64±10.67)d,胎次(1.23±0.42)胎,日产奶量(26.58±1.58)kg],根据体重、泌乳天数、产奶量相同或相近的原则,随机分成4组(每组12头),对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加半胱胺盐酸盐3、15、30 g/kg。预试期12 d,正试期30 d。结果显示:随半胱胺盐酸盐添加剂量的增加,奶牛呼吸频率和直肠温度呈显著的线性降低(P0.05);干物质采食量、乳脂较正乳产量、能量校正乳产量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率均呈先升高后降低的显著的二次曲线变化(P0.05),并且以添加3 g/kg组的效果较好;正试期末,3、15 g/kg组血清甲状腺素浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05),15 g/kg组血清皮质醇浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结果提示,半胱胺盐酸盐能有效缓解散栏饲养的泌乳中期奶牛热应激,提高产奶量和乳品质,本试验条件下,饲粮中添加3 g/kg半胱胺盐酸盐较为适宜。 相似文献
20.
本试验旨在研究补饲高蛋白质、高脂肪精饲料对驴产乳量和乳成分的影响。选择 ３～７岁的健康泌乳母驴 ３４头,设 Ａ（１２头）、Ｂ（１０头）和 Ｃ（１２头）３个区,共 ５个处理。所有驴饲喂基础饲粮。每个区均设对照组,各试验组驴分别补饲粗蛋白质水平为 ３１．４４％（试验 １组,Ａ区,４头）、粗脂肪水平为 ２５．７７％［２０％棉籽油（试验 ２组,Ａ区,４头）、２０％葵花籽油（试验 ３组,Ｂ区,５头）、２０％菜籽油（试验 ４组,Ｃ区,６头）］的试验精饲料 １．５ｋｇ／ｄ。预试期 １４ｄ,正试期１４ｄ。结果表明：１）除含 ２０％葵花籽油的试验精饲料外,其余试验精饲料采食量（＞１３００ｇ／ｄ）均达到预期的采食量,且未出现消化异常,表明所用精饲料适口性较好,驴对它们有较好的适应性;２）补饲含 ２０％棉籽油和含 ２０％菜籽油的试验精饲料均显著提高了驴日均产乳量（Ｐ＜０．０５）,驴日均产乳量可达 １．５ｋｇ／ｄ,而日均总泌乳量可达 ４ｋｇ／ｄ;３）补饲不同试验精饲料对乳成分无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）,驴乳中乳蛋白、乳糖、粗灰分含量较稳定,而乳脂含量变化非常大。总之,补饲高蛋白质、高脂肪的精饲料可提高驴产乳量,但对乳成分的影响不明显。 相似文献
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