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1.
Tillage erosion studies have mainly focused on the effect of topography and cultivation practices on soil translocation during tillage. However, the possible effect of initial soil conditions on soil displacement and soil erosion during tillage have not been considered. This study aims at investigating the effect of the initial soil conditions on net soil displacement and the associated erosion rates by a given tillage operation of a stony loam soil. Tillage erosion experiments were carried out with a mouldboard plough on a freshly ploughed (pre-tilled) soil and a soil under grass fallow in the Alentejo region (Southern Portugal).
The experimental results show that both the downslope displacement of soil material and the rate of increase of the downslope displacement with slope gradient are greater when the soil is initially in a loose condition. This was attributed to: (i) a greater tillage depth on the pre-tilled soil and (ii) a reduced internal cohesion of the pre-tilled soil, allowing clods to roll and/or slide down the plough furrow after being overturned by the mouldboard plough.
An analysis of additional available data on soil translocation by mouldboard tillage showed that downslope displacement distances were only significantly related to the slope gradient when tillage is carried out in the downslope direction. When tillage is carried out in the upslope direction, the effect of slope gradient on upslope displacement distances was not significant. This has important implications for the estimation of the tillage transport coefficient, which is a measure for the intensity of tillage erosion, from experimental data. For our experiments, estimated values of the tillage transport coefficient were 70 and 254 kg m−1 per tillage operation for grass fallow and pre-tilled conditions, respectively, corresponding to local maximum erosion rates of ca. 8 and 35 Mg ha−1 per tillage operation and local maximum deposition rates of ca. 33 and 109 Mg ha−1 per tillage operation. 相似文献
2.
S. De Alba L. Borselli D. Torri S. Pellegrini P. Bazzoffi 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,85(1-2):123-142
This study was designed to characterise the soil translocation effect induced by mouldboard ploughing with an implement traditionally used in the Tuscany region (Central Italy). We discuss the results of a set of field experiments performed to measure soil displacement along slopes of varying gradient in different directions and at several depths of tillage. Using the Soil Erosion by Tillage (SETi) model, soil translocation patterns for different tillage scenarios were analysed, with special attention paid to the effects of the direction and depth of tillage on the extent and spatial pattern of soil movement. The lateral slope gradient SP and tillage depth D were found to be the dominant controlling factors for total soil displacement. The effect of the slope gradient in a direction parallel to tillage ST was much less pronounced. These findings reveal the importance of the asymmetric nature of the soil movement produced by mouldboard ploughing and the predominant effect of the lateral displacement dP on the actual trajectory of soil motion. Results demonstrate that spatial patterns of soil redistribution due to mouldboard ploughing are highly variable and depend on the particular characteristics of the implement used. This dependence is so strong that maximum downslope soil translocation can occur during both, contour tillage or up–down tillage. For this particular mouldboard plough, maximum downslope soil transport took place at a tillage direction ca. 70° and not when tillage was conducted along the steepest slope direction (0°). These findings highlight the potential of the combined approach applied. The physically based SETi model can be properly calibrated using a relatively limited dataset from field experiments. Once calibrating, the SETi model can then be used to generate synthetic tillage translocation relationships, which can predict the intensity and spatial pattern of soil translocation over a much wider range of tillage scenarios than the particular experimental conditions, in terms of topography complexity (slope gradients and morphology) and the direction and depth of tillage. These synthetic relationships are useful tools for evaluating strategies designed to reduce tillage erosion. 相似文献
3.
Timothy A. Quine Gerard Govers Jean Poesen Des Walling Bas van Wesemael Jose Martinez-Fernandez 《Soil & Tillage Research》1999,51(3-4):279-301
Tillage erosion is increasingly recognised as an important soil erosion process on agricultural land. In view of its potential significance, there is a clear need to broaden the experimental database for the magnitude of tillage erosion to include a range of tillage implements and agricultural environments. The study discussed in this paper sought to address the need for such data by examining tillage erosion by a duckfoot chisel plough in stony soils on steep slopes in a semi-arid environment. Results of the investigation of coarse fraction (rock fragment) translocation by tillage in this environment have been presented elsewhere and the paper focuses on tillage translocation and erosion of the fine earth. Tillage translocation was measured at 10 sites, representing both upslope and downslope tillage by a duckfoot chisel plough on five different slopes, with tangents ranging from 0.02 to 0.41. A fine-earth tracer, comprising fine earth labelled with 134Cs, was introduced into the plough layer before tillage. After a single pass of the plough, incremental samples of plough soil were excavated and sieved to separate the fine earth from the rock fragments. Translocation of the fine-earth tracer was established by analysing the 134Cs content of the samples of fine earth. These data were used to establish translocation distances for each combination of slope and tillage direction. Translocation distances of the fine earth were not significantly different from translocation distances of the coarse fraction. For all sites, except uphill on the 0.41 slope, translocation distances were found to be linearly related to slope tangent. The soil flux due to tillage for each site was calculated using the translocation distance and the mass per unit area of the plough layer. For slopes with tangents <0.25, the relationship between soil flux and tangent was linear and the soil flux coefficient derived was 520–660 kg m−1 per pass. This is much larger than the coefficients found in other studies and this high magnitude is attributed to the non-cohesive nature and high rock fragment content of the soil in this investigation. A second contrast with previous studies was found in non-linearity in the relationship between soil flux and tangent when steeper slopes were included. This was a product of variation in plough depth between the steepest slopes and the remainder of the study area. On the basis of the study it is suggested that an improved understanding of tillage erosion may be obtained by considering the dual processes of tillage detachment (mass per unit area of soil subject to tillage) and tillage displacement (equivalent to translocation distance per pass) in assessing, comparing and modelling tillage translocation. An improved model is proposed that recognises the complexity of soil redistribution by tillage, provides a framework for process-based investigation of the controls on tillage fluxes, and allows identification of potential self-limiting conditions for tillage erosion. 相似文献
4.
Soil translocation resulting from multiple passes of tillage under normal field operating conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Until now, most tillage erosion experiments were conducted under controlled soil and operating conditions. However, soil condition, tillage depth, speed and direction generally show substantial within-field variation. In this study, a series of tillage experiments were set up to investigate the erosivity of tillage under normal operating conditions. The effect of a typical tillage sequence, including multiple mouldboard, chisel and harrow passes, on soil translocation and tillage erosion was studied during a period of 3 years. Soil translocation in excess of 10 m was observed while the average net translocation rates ranged between 0 and 0.9 m. The results suggest that the annual tillage transport coefficient, associated with mechanized agriculture, is in the order of 781 kg m−1 yr−1. The experimental results also show that the tillage transport coefficient of a sequence of tillage operations can be reasonably well predicted from information provided by the farmer and by summing the transport coefficients obtained from controlled, single pass experiments. However, a Monte Carlo simulation showed that a relatively high number of tillage operations are required to obtain accurate estimates of the tillage transport coefficients in multiple pass experiments. 相似文献
5.
东北黑土区典型坡面耕作侵蚀定量分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
东北黑土区水土流失主要集中在坡耕地,以往研究多关注水蚀而忽略了耕作侵蚀的存在。为印证并定量描述黑土耕作侵蚀,该文采用物理示踪法,测定了典型坡耕地耕作位移量及其分布格局。结果表明:铧式犁耕作后示踪剂沿耕作方向发生扩散,上坡耕作示踪剂集中分布在0~20 cm范围,而下坡耕作示踪剂集中分布在0~20和50~150 cm。一次耕作引起的耕作位移量为32.68~134.14 kg/m,耕作迁移系数234 kg/m。坡度是影响耕作位移的重要因素,二者呈显著的正相关关系,且对上坡耕作的影响大于下坡耕作。研究区耕作年侵蚀速率0.4~11.0 Mg/(hm2·a),凸起的坡背、坡肩处及坡度较大的位置侵蚀严重。虽然黑土区坡度较小,但由于耕作深度大,速度快,耕作侵蚀严重,应引起足够重视。 相似文献
6.
A tillage erosion model was developed for southwestern Ontario based on the relationship between tillage translocation and slope gradient and slope curvature. Two studies of tillage translocation and tillage erosion were used to calibrate this model, one a comparison of upslope and downslope tillage translocation on shoulder slopes, the other an examination of tillage translocation throughout topographically complex landscapes. Two field sites were used for validation of the model. For both sites, past tillage practices were known and past soil erosion was determined using 137Cs as an indicator of soil redistribution. The model accurately predicted the pattern of soil redistribution that had occurred within the two field sites. Severe soil loss was observed and predicted on convex landscape positions and soil accumulation was observed and predicted on concave landscape positions. The model accounted for almost all of the soil lost from the convex upper slope positions where tillage erosion was expected to be the dominant erosion process. There was considerable soil loss and accumulation elsewhere in the landscapes which could not be accounted for by the model and was presumed to be primarily the result of water erosion. It was concluded that tillage erosion must be incorporated into soil erosion modelling for the purposes of soil conservation. 相似文献
7.
中国黄土地区耕作侵蚀模拟 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
耕作侵蚀是国际上新近开展的一个研究领域。为了对中国黄土地区的耕作侵蚀规律进行定量描述,采用施放小立方块作为示踪材料进行耕作试验及测量来示踪和监测土壤运动,并通过相关分析与理论推导,对该地区的耕作侵蚀进行了模拟,获得了能够直接计算出坡面剖面任何一点净侵蚀模数的耕作侵蚀模型,结果表明,在采用当地由动物牵引的传统犁在坡面上自下而上进行往返横坡等高向下翻土耕作方式下:1)一次耕作导致的耕层土壤朝坡向方向平均水平运动距离随坡度的变化表现为线性相关;2)一次耕作导致的坡面剖面任何位置耕层断面的净侵蚀模数,受土壤容重、耕作深度、土壤与耕作条件决定的系数和地形曲率的影响。 相似文献
8.
This study reports the results of a series of experiments that were set up on agricultural land in central Belgium to investigate soil translocation and erosivity resulting from a secondary tillage operation using an implement sequence of a rotary harrow and seeder. Aluminium cubes were used as tracers of soil movement. Results show that soil displacement resulting from tillage with such an implement sequence is far from insignificant. This is mainly related to the relatively shallow tillage depth as well as to the loose initial soil condition of such secondary tillage operations. The calculated value for the tillage transport coefficient k (123 kg m−1 per tillage operation) is comparable with k-values from implements that are considered to be more erosive, like mouldboard and chisel implements. In conclusion, this study shows that tillage erosion not only results from relatively aggressive tillage operations such as mouldboard and chisel passes, but that secondary operations contribute significantly to soil displacement and tillage erosion. 相似文献
9.
为了研究干旱河谷区坡耕地农作物种植对耕作侵蚀的影响,在不同作物类型坡耕地(玉米地和荞麦地)上进行耕作试验,通过磁性示踪法测量坡耕地顺坡耕作的耕作位移距离,分析了不同作物类型下的耕作侵蚀速率特征。结果表明：(1)试验地类的耕作位移距离表现为玉米地<荞麦地<裸地(对照地)的变化趋势,荞麦地和玉米地的耕作位移距离均显著低于裸地(p<0.05),表明坡耕地种植玉米和荞麦可以显著减小坡耕地土壤耕作位移距离;(2)3种地类的耕作位移距离与坡度均呈显著正相关关系,玉米地和荞麦地的耕作位移距离系数k2值和传输系数k4值明显小于裸地,说明作物因素减小了耕作位移距离随坡度的增加幅度;(3)裸地的耕作侵蚀速率显著高于玉米地和荞麦地(p<0.01),分别是玉米地和荞麦地的1.99倍和1.88倍,说明坡地种植农作物可明显减小坡面耕作侵蚀。综上,种植农作物可有效减少坡耕地耕作侵蚀,研究成果丰富了对坡耕地作物根系防蚀特性的认识,也为完善耕作侵蚀模型奠定重要基础。 相似文献
10.
东北黑土区不同垄向耕地沟蚀与地形耦合规律 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
东北黑土区在长期高强度开垦连作下,侵蚀沟切割耕地地表现象严重。以黑龙江省宾县的两个典型乡镇为研究区,基于GIS和RS技术,采用全局空间自相关、样方网格等方法,综合垄向、侵蚀沟、地形数据探究区域尺度下垄向分布及不同垄向耕地沟蚀与地形因子耦合规律。结果表明:（1）不同乡镇沟蚀空间集聚程度不同,主导性垄向耕地内的侵蚀程度最高;（2）垄向在耕地上的分布有很强的空间自相关性,不同的垄向空间分布是对地形条件的反馈体现,合理的垄向空间分布会起到降低沟蚀密度的作用;（3）除糖坊镇斜垄外,不同垄向耕地沟蚀密度随海拔的升高呈现先增大后减小的趋势。糖坊镇不同海拔级优势垄向规律性不强,三宝乡整体上任意海拔级斜垄耕作最优;（4）坡度与坡长交互作用显著。两乡镇表现为“小坡度”+“小坡长”或“小坡度”+“大坡长”条件横垄耕作最优,“大坡度”+“小坡长”或“大坡度”+“大坡长”条件斜垄耕作最优;（5）黑土区漫川漫岗地带斜垄耕作更具水土保持作用。 相似文献
11.
The effect of tillage direction on soil redistribution by mouldboard ploughing on complex slopes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Seven mouldboard ploughing experiments were conducted to systematically investigate the effect of different tillage directions on soil redistribution on hillslopes. The present study included tillage directions other than parallel to the gradient or along the contour, that is, in our experiments the slope gradient changed simultaneously in tillage and in turning direction. Using physical tracers we developed a model of the two-dimensional tracer displacement as a function of topography and tillage variables. The displacements in tillage and in turning direction were separately described as 2nd degree polynomials in both tillage and in turning directions. This model fully accounted for the directionality of tillage. Displacement in turning direction additionally depended on tillage depth, while that in tillage direction was affected by tillage speed and soil bulk density. We found a large effect of tillage directionality on soil redistribution, and tillage at 45° to the gradient turning soil upslope was the least erosive tillage direction. We obtained non-linear relationships between soil redistribution and profile curvature, instead of the linear relationships reported previously. Consequently tillage erosivity varied in tillage direction and a unique tillage transport coefficient could not be obtained for all tillage directions. 相似文献
12.
Changing land-use practices in northern Thailand have increased tillage intensity. This study re-assesses the rate of tillage erosion by manual hoeing on steep slopes (17–82%) in northern Thailand. Previously collected soil translocation data during an on-farm tillage erosion experiment and additionally collected data during an on-farm tillage erosion survey have been analysed whereby a new calculation method (i.e. trapezoid tillage step) has been used. A comparison with previously collected data indicates that the trapezoid tillage step method and the tracer method are the most reliable methods to assess downslope translocation by manual tillage. Based on newly acquired understanding of the processes involved, soil fluxes by tillage erosion are quantified by linear functions for different slope gradient classes rather than one single diffusion-type equation for the whole slope range. For slope gradients smaller than 3%, soil fluxes are close to zero as farmers do not have a preferred tillage direction. For slope gradients between 3% and 70%, soil is tilled only in the downslope direction and soil fluxes range between 16 and 67 kg m−1 tillage pass−1. On slopes with gradients in excess of 70%, the angle of repose for soil clods is often exceeded resulting in a sliding down of the complete tilled top layer. These data are used to assess the soil flux for complete cropping cycles for the most dominant cropping systems in the highlands of northern Thailand: i.e. upland rice, maize, (soy) beans, cabbage and ginger. The on-site effects of tillage erosion will be very pronounced if parcels are short with respect to their slope length, cultivated for upland rice or cabbage, or when weed pressure is high. Tillage erosion results in a tillage step with low soil fertility and low infiltration capacity. Solutions to reduce tillage erosion intensity depend on the degree that tillage intensity can be reduced. This might happen by an improved weed management or by changing landuse to perrenial cropping. Other strategies are concentrating nutrients on the truncated hillslope sections and retaining soil on the field by vegetative buffers. 相似文献
13.
重庆中梁山岩溶区耕作侵蚀影响因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在重庆市中梁山岩溶区用示踪法对坡耕地进行耕作试验研究。结果表明:锄头和铁锹耕作引起的土壤位移距离、位移量与坡度呈正相关,而踩锹引起的土壤位移距离、位移量则与含水量具有一定的相关性。在顺坡耕作时铁锹引起的土壤位移距离、位移量与锄头相近,但它们远远大于踩锹;等高耕作时铁锹引起的土壤位移距离、位移量是锄头的1.3~3.8倍左右。铁锹顺坡耕作引起的土壤位移距离、位移量是它等高耕作的2~2.4倍;锄头顺坡耕作引起的土壤位移距离、位移量是它等高的3~8.8倍。引起土壤位移量的大小顺序依次是:锄头顺坡>铁锹顺坡>铁锹等高>锄头等高>踩锹顺坡。 相似文献
14.
Assessment of tillage translocation and tillage erosion by hoeing on the steep land in hilly areas of Sichuan, China 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Most of the tillage erosion studies have focused on the effect of tractor-plough tillage on soil translocation and soil loss. Only recently, have a few studies contributed to the understanding of tillage erosion by manual tillage. Furthermore, little is known about the impact of tillage erosion in hilly areas of the humid sub-tropics. This study on tillage erosion by hoeing was conducted on a purple soil (Regosols) of the steep land, in Jianyang County, Sichuan Province, southwestern China (30°24′N and 104°35′E) using the physical tracer method.
The effects of hoeing tillage on soil translocation on hillslopes are quite evident. The tillage transport coefficients were 26–38 kg m−1 per tillage pass and 121–175 kg m−1 per tillage pass respectively for k3- and k4-values. Given that there was a typical downslope parcel length of 15 m and two times of tillage per year in this area, the tillage erosion rates on the 4–43% hillslopes reached 48–151 Mg ha−1 per year. The downslope soil translocation is closely related to slope gradient. Lateral soil translocation by such tillage is also obvious though it is lower than downslope soil translocation. Strong downslope translocation accounts for thin soil layers and the exposure of parent materials/rocks at the ridge tops and on convexities in the hilly areas. Deterioration in soil quality and therefore reduction in plant productivity due to tillage-induced erosion would be evident at the ridge tops and convex shoulders. 相似文献
15.
Tillage translocation and tillage erosion were measured throughout the topographically complex landscapes of two fields in the upland region of southwestern Ontario. Translocation of soil by tillage was measured by labelling plots of soil with chloride and measuring the tracer's forward displacement in response to single passes by four tillage implements (mouldboard plough, chisel plough, tandem disc and field cultivator). The change in translocation within the landscape was used to measure tillage erosion. All four implements were erosive. A relationship between tillage translocation and slope gradient was observed; however, the variability in translocation could not be explained by slope gradient alone. Slope curvature was responsible for some translocation through the planning action of tillage implements. Tillage depth and speed were subject to considerable discontinuous and inconsistent manipulation by the operator in response to changing topographic and soil conditions. Tillage speed decreased by as much as 60% during upslope tillage and increased by as much as 30% during downslope tillage, relative to that on level ground. Tillage depth decreased by as much as 20% and increased by as much as 30%, relative to that on level ground. This manipulation is typical for tillage in complex landscapes and was presumed largely responsible for the variability in the results. The manipulation of tillage depth and speed are affected by the tractor-implement match and the responsiveness of the tillage operator. 相似文献
16.
[目的]揭示土壤性质对耕作侵蚀土壤的敏感性,为紫色土区域采取适宜的耕作措施提供依据。[方法]利用磁性示踪技术定量旋耕机上下耕作和等高耕作的土壤耕作位移和土壤位移量,选取土壤容重、土壤含水量、土壤有机质、土壤全氮、土壤有效磷、土壤抗剪强度和土壤紧实度等土壤理化性质和力学性质指标,研究土壤性质对旋耕机上下耕作和等高耕作的耕作侵蚀的影响特征。[结果]旋耕机上下耕作和等高耕作的土壤净位移和净位移量不仅受坡度影响,也受土壤性质的影响。土壤力学性质和土壤物理性质对旋耕机耕作侵蚀有显著影响,对于上下耕作的土壤抗剪强度、土壤紧实度和土壤容重与土壤净位移量呈显著正相关。对于等高耕作措施的土壤抗剪强度、土壤紧实度、土壤容重和土壤含水量与土壤净位移量呈显著正相关,其他指标关系不显著。[结论]土壤抗剪强度、土壤紧实度和土壤容重可以作为评价耕作侵蚀的土壤可蚀性指标。 相似文献
17.
等高犁耕朝向对紫色土坡面土壤再分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择一块坡长15 m、坡度14.16%的坡地,采用磁性示踪法分析等高向下犁耕（向下坡方向翻垈）和等高向上犁耕（向上坡方向翻垈）的土壤再分布特征,利用模拟耕作（15次）检验两种等高犁耕的长期作用下对土壤剖面和微地貌演化的影响。结果表明:等高向下犁耕导致土壤发生向下坡移动,土壤位移量为15.62～28.70 kg/m,坡度对其影响不显著（p=0.93）;等高向上犁耕导致土壤同时发生向下坡和向上坡移动,土壤净位移量为-10.91～8.23 kg/m,坡度对其有显著影响（p < 0.001）,土壤净位移方向随着坡度的增大由向上坡转为向下坡,本研究条件下临界坡度为14%;等高向下犁耕15次后坡顶侵蚀深度是原土层深度的132%,耕作后土层深度与耕作深度相当,表明等高向下犁耕加速土壤侵蚀和促进母岩成土的双重作用共同维持着坡顶土层深度的稳定;等高向上犁耕15次后坡顶土层深度增加了12.7%,表明等高向上犁耕具有保护坡顶土层深度的作用。等高向上犁耕是一种防治类似紫色土的薄层土壤耕作侵蚀和土壤退化的有效措施。 相似文献
18.
降雨条件下耕作方式对地表糙度的溅蚀效应 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
地表糙度是影响坡耕地土壤侵蚀的主要因素之一,为了进一步明确耕作方式对地表糙度的侵蚀效应,该文通过室内人工模拟降雨的方法,就单雨强与组合雨强条件下耕作方式对溅蚀的作用以及地表糙度的变化进行了研究。结果表明,从对照坡面,经耙耱地、人工锄耕、人工掏挖到等高耕作方式的坡面,在雨强0.62 mm/min条件下,不同耕作方式坡面向上坡溅蚀量呈先增加再减小的变化,向下坡和总溅蚀量均呈先增加再减小最后增加的变化;除耙耱地外,其他耕作方式坡面的地表糙度呈减小的变化。在雨强1.53 mm/min条件下,不同耕作方式坡面向上坡、向下坡和总溅蚀量均呈先增加再减小最后增加的变化;地表糙度与对照坡面相反,均呈增加的变化。组合雨强条件下,随降雨强度的增加,耙耱地总溅蚀量与地表糙度呈一直增加的变化趋势;其他耕作方式下,随降雨强度的增加,坡面总溅蚀量呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,地表糙度却呈先减小后增大的变化。这为揭示地表糙度的侵蚀特征提供了一定的理论依据,同时也可服务于黄土高原坡耕地的水土流失治理。 相似文献
19.
为了研究不同逆坡耕作强度导致的土壤位移对坡面水蚀的影响,以金沙江干热河谷区坡面径流小区为研究对象,在径流小区5°,10°,15°坡面上,进行单宽流量为0.6 m^2/h的放水试验。在10°坡面的下坡位置设置0.05,0.10,0.20 m土层深度,分别代表连续耕作80,69,46年导致下坡位置土壤损失土层变薄情况。通过收集径流小区出口的产流量和产沙量,研究在不同坡度上的不同逆坡耕作强度导致的土壤位移对坡面产流率、产沙率、总流量和总产沙量的影响。结果表明:(1)在10°坡面,耕作年限越长,产流越快,不同耕作强度(年限)的产流率、总产流量、产沙率和总产沙量均表现46年<69年<80年的变化趋势,说明长期逆坡耕作导致的土壤位移加速了坡面水蚀的发生;(2)在耕作69年的坡面,坡度越大,产流越快。在测定坡度范围,产流率、总产流量、产沙率和总产沙量均表现出5°<10°<15°的变化趋势,即坡度的增加明显增大了坡面水蚀;(3)随耕作侵蚀强度的增大,坡面产流率与产沙率间的指数增长关系越显著,而坡度的增大弱化了水沙指数函数关系。研究成果可为揭示干热河谷区逆坡耕作强度和坡度对水蚀的作用机理提供参考。 相似文献
20.
东北黑土区不同地形垄向坡度的相对水土保持效益研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
垄作是东北黑土区一种非常普遍而重要的耕作措施,具有一定的水土保持效益,但几乎没有学者对其进行研究。探讨黑土区不同地形垄作方向在空间上的分布规律及其具有的水土保持效益具有重要研究价值。以黑龙江省宾县为研究区,用分层抽样的方法提取168个野外调查单元并进行实地填图调查,根据坡度因子和垄向坡度计算公式,利用ArcMAP、SPSS和Excel等软件进行了室内数据分析统计,结果表明:平原区、丘陵区、山区的平均地面坡度分别为1.92°,6.20°,8.27°;平均垄向坡度分别为1.33°,4.52°,6.45°,分别为平均地面坡度的70%,73%,78%;垄作坡度引起的平均土壤流失相对量分别为地面坡度的55%,69%,67%,垄作的相对水土保持效益明显。在此基础上,对垄作现状的原因进行了分析,并提出一些改进措施。研究成果有助于了解东北黑土区不同地形耕地垄作方向的分布情况及其水土保持效益状况,对当地水土保持措施的布设也具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献