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1.
选取了11种豆科木本植物，比较了它们的根部外部形态和解剖结构特点，分析这些特点与结瘤的关系。结果表明，结瘤豆科植物的根系松软，颜色较浅，为白色或土黄色；不能结瘤的植物根系坚硬，颜色较深，为黑色或深褐色。石蜡切片观察，结瘤豆科植物和非结瘤豆科植物在根的表皮部分存在着明显差异，而在皮层和中柱部分差异不明显。非结瘤豆科植物的表皮细胞排列致密且整齐；而结瘤豆科植物表皮细胞较薄，切片时容易收缩破损。非结瘤豆科植物的根表皮细胞外切向壁的厚度比结瘤豆科植物的要厚，颜色也较深。豆科植物的表皮细胞外切向壁厚度似乎能够反映豆科植物从不结瘤到结瘤的进化过程。 相似文献
2.
试验从银荆树、刺槐、银合欢和山毛豆根部分离的4种根瘤菌分别接种到木豆、银合欢、滇合欢的1年生幼苗上,采用PEG(聚乙二醇6000)配置成水势分别为-3 bar、-9 bar、-15 bar的水溶液对木豆苗木进行干旱胁迫,银合欢、滇合欢在-3 bar条件下进行干旱胁迫,约14 h后测定苗木的光合特性。结果表明,苗木结瘤可提高净光合速率,延长高光效时间,不同菌株和不同树种对干旱胁迫下的净光合速率影响显著。接种银合欢根瘤菌的木豆和滇合欢苗木,接种银荆树根瘤菌的银合欢苗木,都有着较高的净光合速率,而接种山毛豆菌株的苗木净光合速率较低。在不同干旱胁迫下,木豆结瘤苗木的净光合速率表现为-9 bar>-3 bar>-15 bar;结瘤苗木在相同-3 bar干旱胁迫下,银合欢、木豆、滇合欢的净光合速率日均值依次递减。但各处理14∶00时的水分利用效率与净光合速率和14∶00时的气孔导度表现相反,主要由于栽培基质为贫瘠的河沙,在干旱胁迫下,气孔导度大,光合及蒸发量也大。 相似文献
3.
以根毛变形试验（Had）为检测手段，对刺槐（Robinuapseudoacacia）与刺槐根瘤菌共生过程中的信号识别作用进行了研究．结果表明，经刺槐种子浸提物诱导后，刺槐根瘤菌野生型菌株8711能够产生结瘤因子（NodFactor）．该结瘤因子能诱导刺槐根毛发生变形，且变形情况与菌体正常侵染所引起的变化相同．因此，可以把刺槐根毛变形作为检测结瘤因子存在的依据． 相似文献
4.
固氮豆科树种和豆科树种根瘤菌资源的研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
调查观察了４８属１２２种豆科树种的结瘤情况，其中８２种结瘤。采用ＶｍｃｅｎｔＪＭ分离方法，从根瘤中分离获得了１２３个根瘤菌株的纯培养，各菌株的菌落特性和生长速度差异明显。经回接和交叉接种试验进一步确定这们为豆科树种根瘤菌。 相似文献
5.
6.
18种豆科树种染色体数目与结瘤关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对18种豆科树种的染色体计数结果表明,豆科树种的染色体数目与其结瘤之间存在一定的关系.不结瘤的10种树种除望江南染色体数是26条外,其余9种树种的染色体数目都为2n=2x=28,都能被7整除,其中包括苏木亚科的槐叶决明、伞房决明、双荚决明、毛决明、黄槐决明、铁刀木、任豆、皂荚和蝶形花亚科中的国槐;而结瘤的8种树种,其中含羞草亚科的合欢、银荆、肯氏相思、马占相思,它们的染色体数目均为2n=2x=26;蝶形花亚科的马蹄针为2n=2x=18,紫穗槐为2n=2x=40,刺槐、木豆均为2n=2x=22,它们的染色体数目都不是7的倍数. 相似文献
7.
放线菌结瘤植物(又称非豆科结瘤固氮植物)为多年生木本被子植物,约160多个种,分属7个科,15个属。在自然界氮循环中起着重要的作用。就其固氮量来说,它们和豆科植物大致相当,属同一数量级,如大豆平均年固氮量为103公斤/公顷·年,而欧洲.赤杨(Alnus glutinosa)为60公斤/公顷·年,高者达130公斤/公顷·年~([1])。然而在自然界中,不少地区放线菌结瘤植物的结瘤情况并不理想,如我国南方杨梅属就是如此,在研究以根瘤为对象的放线菌结瘤植物,特别是从国外或其它地区引种的植物,也首先需要研究如何使这些植物感染上根瘤内生菌。故此研究自然条件下的结瘤规律,有助于人工和自然接种,增加宿主植物的结瘤数量,从而不断增加生物的固氮量。多年来,国外对影响结瘤的单因子作了较为详细的研究,但在综合诸因子即自然条件下的结瘤,至今还未见到这方面的资料,为此,我们进行了结瘤季节动态的研究。 相似文献
8.
云南6种豆科蛋白饲料灌木的营养成分测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对马棘、光果黄花木、绒毛叶黄花木、金链叶黄花森、水边千斤拔、多花Ｋａｎｇ子梢等６种云南主要豆科蛋白饲料灌木叶片、种子的营养成分测定结果表明，此６种豆科灌木的叶片或种子的蛋白质含量都大于１５％，钙磷比（Ｃａ／Ｐ）为４．８～７．４，其他各项营养指标与大豆相近，具有很高的营养价值。是畜禽的优良蛋白饲料树种。 相似文献
9.
我国结瘤固氮树木资源十分丰富，现已发现的豆科结瘤固氮树木有１８３种，非豆科结瘤固氮树木有４４种。目前，不少固氮树种在土壤氮素输入、荒山绿化、能源提供、发展经济和保持生态环境等方面起着十分重要的作用。 相似文献
10.
对河北省栽植的不同种源刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）根瘤进行了的分离，获得57株根瘤菌，并对其中酶切有差异的30株进行耐酸碱、耐盐、耐高低温及耐抗生素的抗逆性指标试验。结果表明，刺槐根瘤菌对环境具有较强的适应性：23．3％株刺槐根瘤菌能在5％盐浓度的YMA培养基上生长，83．3％株刺槐根瘤菌能在pH值12．0的碱性YMA培养基上生长，66．7％株刺槐根瘤菌能在37℃下生长，56．7％的刺槐根瘤菌对50μg／mL的氨苄青霉素有抗性。试验筛选出了11株耐酸碱能力较强的刺槐根瘤菌他们均能耐受盐浓度为4％的盐环境和pH值为12．0的碱性环境。这些抗逆性强的菌株为改善盐碱地的刺槐健康生长提供了科学依据。 相似文献
11.
华东地区豆科树种根瘤菌多样性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
华东地区５１个豆科树种（含羞草亚科５属,蝶形花亚科１８属）根瘤中分离获得的６６个菌株经形态、生理生化、抗逆性等性状测定,对４２个性状进行了聚类分析,除９２７８２菌株外,６５个菌株在０７５的相似水平上可划分为６个菌群。根据菌株的生长速度,６个菌群可以分为快生和慢生两个类群,但两类群的某些性状与目前根瘤菌分类系统中的分属辨别特征不完全符合,如部分菌株能利用其淀粉。聚类分析结果还表明,菌群划分的主要依据是表型特征,与寄主的种类、来源没有相关性。６６个菌株在形态、生理生化、抗逆性以及交叉结瘤试验结果存在明显差异,表明了豆科树种根瘤菌的多样性。 相似文献
12.
豆科树种目前已广泛应用于荒山绿化、饲用及观赏。文中从扦插(嫩枝扦插、硬枝扦插、根插)，组织培养等方面综述了豆科树种无性快速繁殖技术的研究和进展。指出目前豆科树种嫩枝扦插技术研究还局限在对某一树种繁殖途径的探索阶段；硬枝扦插技术研究较为系统和深入，对不同树种扦插生根的影响因素有了比较深入的了解，并因此建立起较为成熟的技术体系；根插方法简单，成活率高，但是研究普遍较少；豆科树种组织培养虽较为困难，但某些树种也已经建立起了较为完善的再生体系。此外，还对豆科树种快速繁殖的生理基础研究进行了讨论，建议加大对豆科树种快速繁殖技术和生理机制的研究力度，为解决优良种质资源快速扩繁奠定基础。 相似文献
13.
Parkia biglobosa is an important multipurpose tree from the savanna zone of West Africa. It has been reported to increase soil fertility and crop yields beneath its crown. However, no work has been conducted to determine the role of root symbioses in soil amelioration by this species. The existing reports of nodulation inParkia biglobosa are contradictory and the presence of mycorrhizae is not documented in the literature.Fieldwork was conducted at six sites in Burkina Faso and Nigeria, to investigate the amelioratory effect ofParkia biglobosa on soil fertility and to ascertain the occurence of root symbioses. Soil samples were collected from points close to the trunk, the mid-crown, crown edge and the open areas away from individual trees. The samples were analysed chemically to assess pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. Root samples were also collected from the field and examined for nodules and for evidence of mycorrhizal infection.The results of the soil analysis showed a significant amelioration for total nitrogen and available potassium with proximity to the tree, but organic matter, available phosphorus and soil pH showed no significant trend. This pattern was similar for all sites. The results also indicated that amelioration of nitrogen and potassium with proximity to the tree increased with tree size.Root nodules were absent from the roots of trees examined in the field, both in Burkina Faso and Nigeria. A pot experiment was set up using the soil collected from beneath the trees and a laboratory grown cowpea miscellany culture as rhizobial inoculum forParkia biglobosa seedlings. The roots of these seedlings also showed no evidence of nodulation. Ectomycorrhizae were not present in roots collected from the field, but endomycorrhizal infection was prolific.A study of root distribution in Burkina Faso suggested that one mechanism for increased soil fertility beneathParkia biglobosa is the widespread lateral root system, which redistributes nutrients from an extensive radius to a concentrated area beneath the crown. The root system is aided in the efficient uptake of nutrients by endomycorrhizae. Other possible mechanisms include interception of dust by the crown and deposition by throughfall and stemflow, defacation by animals beneath the tree and decomposition of leaf litter. 相似文献
14.
Two Burkholderia strains 8111 and 8201 were isolated from root nodules of Dalbergia odorifera, an endemic woody legume in southern China. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S gene intergenic spacer (ITS) showed that these two bacterial strains were closely related to Burkholderia cepacia and they were also similar in carbon source utilization using Biolog GN2 plate tests. The DNA G+C content of strains 8111 and 8201 were 65.8 and 65.5?mol%. Inoculation tests demonstrated that both strains 8111 and 8201 formed functional root nodules in their original host D. odorifera, and significantly enhanced plant growth (as measured by plant biomass and nitrogen content), compared to the no-inoculated control plants. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene in nodules of D. odorifera seedlings inoculated with strains 8111 and 8201 confirmed their identity. However, these two strains did not induce root nodulation in Acacia auriculiformis and Erythrophleum fordii. This implies that the nodulation capacity between Burkholderia strains 8111 or 8201 and their legume hosts may be specific. Our results show that both Burkholderia strains 8111 and 8201 are able to form functional nodules on D. odorifera and are potentially beneficial inoculants for seedling propagation to be used in large scale D. odorifera plantations. 相似文献
15.
A nursery experiment was conducted in un-sterilized soil in Senegal using six Calliandra species or provenances inoculated with a mixture of seven rhizobial strains. Plant growth was assessed periodically at 1,
2, 3, 12 and 18 months whereas nodulation, shoot and root dry weights were assessed at 12 and 18 months after planting (MAP).
Un-inoculated seedlings of all the six species died at 12 months after planting. Results of growth assessments were variable
with significant differences (P < 0.05) between C. calothyrsus Meissn provenances (Flores and San Ramón) and C. juzepczukii Standley in height at 1, 2 and 3 MAP. Shoot dry weights of San Ramón provenance of C. calothyrsus Meissn were also significantly different from those of C. acapulcensis (Britton and Rose) Standley and C. longepedicellata (Mc Vaugh) H. Hern and Macqueen at 18 MAP. In contrast, C. glandiflora (L’Her.) Benth grew poorly and did not nodulate. Although rhizobial inoculation improved shoot and root dry weights some
differences were observed among the Calliandra species in response to the inoculation, which suggested the occurrence of interaction between the rhizobial strains and the
host plant species tested. 相似文献
16.
东莞大岭山村边自然次生林群落物种组成特征及其对区域物种库的贡献 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
对东莞大岭山村边自然次生林（俗称“风水林”）调查表明,群落组成种类复杂并富于热带性,1hm^2样地内共有维管束植物111种,隶属56科89属,其中以木本植物占绝对优势,有67种,占60．36％;群落中种子植物属为热带分布的共有74属,占总属数的92．5％。群落乔木可分三层,以越南山龙眼为主,其在各层的重要值分别为117．12％,129．44％和57．41％;灌木层以罗伞树和九节等为主;草本层植物以乔灌木小苗为主,草本植物仅沿阶草、海芋和半边旗等少数种类。群落木本植物的科、属、种对区域物种库的贡献率较大,分别为37．7％,25．6％和22．5％,以藤本植物的贡献率最高,接近50％,乔灌植物的贡献率也在20％左右．与鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林比较．两者物种组成结构相似．但组成种娄仍有一定差距． 相似文献
17.
Patterns of fine root biomass, production, and distribution were estimated for pure stands and mixtures of three-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with red maple (Acer rubrum L.) or black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) on the Virginia Piedmont to determine the role of fine roots in interference between pine and hardwood tree species. Estimates were based on amounts of live and dead fine roots separated from monthly core samples during the third growing season after planting. Live and dead fine root biomass and production varied by species, but mixtures of loblolly pine and black locust generally had greater fine root biomass and fine root production than pure stands or loblolly pine-red maple mixtures. Hardwood species had greater live fine root biomass per tree in mixtures with pine compared to pure stands. Greater live fine root biomass in pine-locust stands may be attributed to differential utilization of the soil volume by fine roots of these species. For all stands, approximately 50% of live five root biomass was located in the upper 10 cm of soil. 相似文献
18.
This study was carried out to assess the relationship of the status of nodulation （i.e., the number of nodules, their shape and size） in root and biomass production of plant growth parameters （i.e., number of leaves, root and shoot lengths, root biomass and shoot biomass） in Albizia saman and Leucaena leucocephala. The assessment started 60 days after seeding. The study revealed that nodulation response and biomass production in both species showed significant dif- ferences over time （p 〈 0.05） in all variables except in the root-shoot ratio （oven-dry） of L. leucocephala. The study also showed significant differences （p 〈 0.05） in nodule formation and biomass production at the end of the study period be- tween the two species except in the number of nodules and leaves and the green root-shoot ratio. There were strong pos- itive correlations between nodule formation and biomass production, i.e., the number of nodules and the age of plants, the number of nodules and leaves, as well as the number of nodules and biomass （root biomass and shoot biomass） in both species. The results obtained using principal component analysis （PCA） and correlation coefficients of the different characteristics of nodulation and biomass production were similar in both species. The PCA showed that shoot biomass （shoot green weight and shoot oven-dry weight） is positively correlated with PC1 （with an eigenvalue of 7.50） and root length is positively correlated with PC2 （with an eigenvalue of 0.19） in the case of A. saman. In the case of L. leucocephala, the PCA revealed that root biomass （root green weight and root oven-dry weight）, shoot biomass and shoot length are also positively correlated with PC1, while nodule formation and the number of leaves are positively correlated with PC2 （with an eigenvalue PC1 of 6.92 and PC2 of 0.49）. 相似文献
19.
The Center for Agroforestry at the University of Missouri has tested numerous native legumes for potential use in agroforestry
and selected Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis (Michaux) MacMillan ex Robinson and Fern.) and panicled tick clover (Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC.) for further testing. Our objective was to document the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) (Glomus spp.) and Rhizobium on growth and nutrient concentration of these legumes. Seeds were planted in a greenhouse and inoculated with one of two
species of AM and/or one of two strains of Rhizobium. Plants were harvested after 80 d and data taken on leaf and stem dry weight, root fresh weight, stem height, nodulation,
AM colonization, and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentration. Inoculation with Rhizobium did not affect plant growth in Illinois bundleflower, but colonization by Glomus intraradices increased all plant growth variables except stem height. Nutrient concentration was unaffected by the presence of either
endophyte. In contrast, inoculation of panicled tick clover with Rhizobium str. 41Z10 increased leaf dry weight (32%) compared to the control and root fresh weight (41%) compared to str. 32Z3, and
colonization by G. intraradices increased leaf dry weight (35%) and stem height (26%). Both species of AM increased P and K concentration (41% and 55%, respectively)
in panicled tick clover. Our results suggest that the growth of these legumes can be improved by the use of proper AM species
and/or Rhizobium strains. However, additional research to identify the best Rhizobium and AM inoculates for these plant species is important in developing strategies for their use in agroforestry.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献