共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
蒜头果育苗情况初报 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
潘晓芳 《广西农业生物科学》1999,18(3):236-238
蒜头果熟后在和很短时间内便自行脱落,其果皮含有抑制种子发芽的物质。育苗时,宜将果皮去净,并洗净种子后播种和藏,发芽率可达87％以上。天然下种时,种子发芽很整齐,持续时间长,幼苗出土困难。用切接方法嫁接,成活率高达90％。 相似文献
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[目的]研究干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为黑果枸杞人工栽培提供理论依据。[方法]通过聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)模拟干旱胁迫,测定不同干旱胁迫强度下黑果枸杞种子的萌发进程、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗的生长、幼苗渗透调节物质、叶绿素含量等指标,研究干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。[结果]干旱胁迫不利于黑果枸杞种子的萌发,重度干旱胁迫推迟其萌发的高峰期;干旱胁迫下黑果枸杞种子的发芽率、发芽势均呈下降趋势,-0.6 MPa处理下,黑果枸杞种子发芽率、发芽势相对对照分别降低72.06%和74.07%;干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞种子发芽指数和活力指数有抑制作用,其抑制程度随干旱胁迫强度的增加而增加;适度干旱胁迫有利于黑果枸杞幼苗胚根和胚芽的生长,而中度、重度干旱胁迫不利于幼苗胚芽的生长;干旱胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗根、芽脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量均随着胁迫程度的增加逐渐增加,而幼苗叶绿素含量(Chl a+b)随干旱胁迫强度的增加逐渐降低。[结论]干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长有重要影响,适度的干旱胁迫有利于黑果枸杞幼苗的生长。 相似文献
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《农业研究与应用》2018,(6)
嫁接栽培在茄子生产中应用广泛,但砧木种子易出现休眠而影响其萌发。本试验以"茄砧21号"砧木种子为试验材料,研究不同浓度赤霉素处理对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,随着赤霉素浓度的增加,种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均呈现升高趋势,当赤霉素浓度为1200～1800 mg/L时,发芽率均达到90%以上,其中1500 mg/L处理的发芽率最高,达94.50%。300 mg/L的赤霉素能够显著促进砧用茄子幼苗株高的增长,500 mg/L的赤霉素则显著提高了幼苗干重;赤霉素对幼苗茎粗的影响无显著差异,但随浓度的提高茎粗呈现减小趋势;赤霉素对幼苗叶片数的增减无明显规律性。 相似文献
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采用室内发芽试验方法,研究了不同浓度微囊藻毒素MC-LR对黑麦草种子发芽率、幼苗生长及幼苗体内抗氧化酶SOD、POD和CAT活性的影响,同时用液相色谱/质谱法（L/MS法）检测MC-LR在黑麦草幼苗体内的积累。结果显示,随着MC-LR处理浓度升高,黑麦草种子发芽率逐渐降低;MC-LR对黑麦草幼苗株高和干重无显著影响;但4mg·L-1MC-LR处理对幼苗根长和鲜重具有显著抑制作用。MC-LR处理提高了黑麦草幼苗体内SOD和POD活性,但高浓度MC-LR对两种酶活性又具有一定抑制作用。随着MC-LR处理浓度升高,MC-LR在幼苗体内积累含量和生物富集系数逐渐增大。黑麦草幼苗体内可积累MC-LR,这有可能通过食物链途径对食品安全造成一定潜在风险。 相似文献
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电场处理与介电分选对棉种发芽率和幼苗质量的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为研究电场处理和介电分选对包衣棉种发芽率与幼苗质量的影响,该文利用芒刺电极在-16 kV（DC）下对棉种进行不同时间的高压电场处理,结果显示,处理40 s后棉种的发芽率和幼苗质量显著提高;并利用介电分选机在不同的分选电压下对棉种进行介电分选,结果发现,当分选滚筒转速为20 r/min、分选电压为-6 kV（DC）时,分选获得的I级棉种的发芽率和幼苗质量显著提高。在上述最优条件下,先利用芒刺电极对棉种进行电场处理,再利用介电分选机对电场处理后的棉种进行介电分选,结果表明：棉种的发芽率和幼苗质量显著高于未处理试样的发芽率和幼苗质量,并且也高于单独电场处理或介电分选时的发芽率和幼苗质量。这为开发新型种子处理与分选设备提供了依据。 相似文献
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磁化等离子体处理大豆种子的生物学效应 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用不同剂量的磁化等离子体处理晋豆20种子,分析被处理种子发芽率、幼苗生长、呼吸与能量的代谢以及同功酶谱的变化,为探讨磁化等离子体对种子的作用机理提供依据。结果表明,经不同剂量磁化等离子体处理后,种子的发芽率和幼苗的根长、干重没有显著变化;2.0～3.0A处理组苗高、鲜重比对照分别增加17.8%～26.9%和12.70%～17.08%;2.0A处理侧根数比对照显著增加,增幅为11.8%。当处理剂量为2.5A时,根系活力提高60.9%,叶片和根系的呼吸速率分别提高43.68%和38.92%,ATP含量分别提高37.79%和47.68%。磁化等离子体处理大豆种子后幼苗同工酶谱没有特异性条带的产生,但POD和酯酶同工酶的活性得到了普遍提高,其中2.5A处理后POD活性最高。综合分析指标表明2.5A的磁化等离子体处理对刺激种子活力、促进种子发芽和幼苗生长效果最佳。 相似文献
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三七连作土壤对其种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为明确三七连作的障碍效应,以不同连作年限及不同空间分布的土壤为基质,通过发芽和幼苗生长试验,研究了连作土壤对三七种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:①与新土相比,连作土壤处理下三七种子萌发的最大速度加快,种子的发芽势变化不大,而发芽率、发芽指数和快速发芽期则明显呈降低或变短的趋势;②随土壤连作年限的增加,三七幼苗的成苗率和株高均显著下降(p0.05);③与根区外土相比,根区土和根区下土显著降低了三七种子的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数,对种子萌发的最大速度也呈降低作用,但却使三七幼苗的地上生物量明显增加。连作土壤对三七种子的萌发及幼苗的生长均表现明显的障碍效应,化感(自毒)作用可能是造成三七连作障碍的原因之一。 相似文献
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通过对10种橡胶园覆盖绿肥种子进行不同时长的热水处理,分析其发芽时间、发芽势、发芽率及发芽指数,研究不同热水处理方式对绿肥种子萌发的影响。结果表明,毛蔓豆、爪哇葛藤、刺毛黧豆的发芽率、发芽势随着热水处理时间的缩短而下降,而印尼乌绿豆则随着热水处理时间的缩短而上升,铺地木蓝、决明先升高后下降,圆叶决明、十一叶木蓝、长果猪屎豆、钝叶决明先下降后升高。绿肥种子2~4 d开始萌发,不同热水处理方式对绿肥种子开始萌发时间影响不大。毛蔓豆、圆叶决明、决明、钝叶决明的发芽持续时间随热水处理时间的缩短而延长,爪哇葛藤、印尼乌绿豆、长果猪屎豆随热水处理时间的缩短而缩短;不同时长热水处理对铺地木蓝、十一叶木蓝、刺毛黧豆的发芽持续时间影响不大,且这3种种子发芽不整齐、持续时间长,可考虑采用育苗后再移栽。毛蔓豆、爪哇葛藤、刺毛黧豆、圆叶决明、钝叶决明5种绿肥种子加热水直至自然冷却处理效果最好,印尼乌绿豆、十一叶木蓝、长果猪屎豆加热水倒掉冷水骤冷处理效果最好,铺地木蓝、决明加热水马上倒掉处理效果最好。 相似文献
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火龙果种子播种育苗存在着种子发芽慢、发芽不整齐、发芽率低及幼苗细弱等问题。为了探讨提高火龙果种子发芽速度、发芽率和种子活力的方法,本试验以白肉火龙果（Hylocereus undatus Brit.t ＆ Rose）种子为材料,采用4个不同浓度（100mg/L,200mg/L,300mg/L和400mg/L）外源GA3对种子进行浸种处理,在适宜的光、温、水、气条件下催芽,通过对种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗鲜重和活力指数的测定,研究不同浓度外源GA3浸种处理对火龙果种子发芽的影响,不处理为对照。结果表明,不同浓度外源GA3浸种处理对火龙果种子的发芽势、发芽率和种子活力均有明显的促进作用,其中400mg/L处理效果最好,300mg/L处理次之,再次是200mg/L、100mg/L,对照最差。本文的研究结果,将为火龙果种子播种育苗及育种工作提供科学理论依据。 相似文献
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保水剂对4种典型荒漠植物种子萌发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究不同保水剂用量对4种典型荒漠植物种子萌发的影响,筛选种子包衣保水剂的适宜用量,为荒漠区植被恢复和荒漠化防治提供科学依据。[方法]以红砂(Reaumuria soongarica)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、泡果白刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa)、花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)4种典型荒漠植物为研究对象,采用1%,4%,7%,10%,13%的保水剂对4种种子进行处理,测定4种种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数。[结果]随保水剂用量的增加柠条种子发芽率呈现下降趋势,花棒、泡果白刺和红砂呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当保水剂用量为4%时发芽率最高;不同量保水剂处理对柠条和红砂种子发芽势影响显著(p0.05)。随着保水剂用量的增加发芽势均呈现先增加后减小趋势,当保水剂用量为1%时柠条种子发芽势最高,4%时花棒、泡果白刺和红砂种子的发芽势最高;不同量保水剂处理对柠条、泡果白刺和红砂种子平均发芽速率和发芽指数影响显著(p0.05),泡果白刺和红砂种子随着保水剂用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当保水剂用量为4%时平均发芽速率和发芽指数最高,当保水剂用量为1%时,柠条种子发芽指数最大。[结论]保水剂用量对种子萌发的影响因物种而各异,适量的保水剂对典型荒漠植物种子的萌发具有促进作用。 相似文献
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Inge Håkansson Thomas Keller Tomas Rydberg 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(5):458-468
Abstract Rapid and uniform crop establishment is a prerequisite for efficient crop production and minimal environmental impact. Experiments were carried out in shallow plastic boxes placed directly on the ground in the field for studies of the effects of seedbed properties on emergence of various crops. This paper presents an analysis of the time required for germination and emergence under near-optimal seedbed conditions. The crops studied were barley, oats, wheat, pea, rape seed, white mustard, sugar beet, red clover and timothy. The time required for germination generally increased with size of the seeds, presumably because larger seeds needed more water to initiate germination. This applied both when comparing different crops and different seed sizes of the same crop. However, considerable differences occurred between seed lots of the same crop and there were greater differences between seed lots of the same crop than between the three small grain crops studied. Growth rate of the seedlings generally increased with seed size, presumably because of increased energy content in the seed. Consequently, the most rapid emergence was obtained from small seeds at shallow sowing and from large seeds at deep sowing. The crops studied had a minimum temperature for germination and seedling growth close to 0 °C. Under optimal seedbed conditions, thermal time required for 50% germination of barley was typically about 65 °C days over this base temperature and for seedling growth about 6 °C days cm?1. From 4 cm sowing depth, about 80 °C days were required for emergence but with considerable variations between seed lots. For rape seed or white mustard about 40 °C days were required for germination and about 8 °C days cm?1 for the seedling growth. 相似文献
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~(60)Coγ辐射对毛竹种子活力及早期幼苗生长的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)干种子为材料,采用室内发芽实验、电导率测定和TTC活力测定以及早期幼苗生长分级等4种方法研究了60Coγ射线对种子活力及早期幼苗生长的诱导效应。结果表明:当辐照剂量低于100Gy时,辐照能加快种子萌发进程,提高发芽率;而当剂量超过100Gy,则对毛竹种胚组织造成损伤,抑制细胞生长和分裂,不同程度地延迟了毛竹种子发芽过程,降低了种子活力,造成早期苗高和根生长受到明显抑制,抑制作用随辐照剂量的增大而增强。毛竹种子发生诱变效应的最佳辐照剂量范围为100~175Gy。24h电导率与发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、苗高和根生长等活力指标间存在极显著线性关系,是快速检验毛竹种子活力的重要指标。24h电导率和苗高又可作为检查辐射后毛竹种子活力变化和发生诱导效应的有效指标。 相似文献
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In a lateritic sandy clay loam soil contained in a soil bin, three aggregate size ranges (0.25–0.50, 1.0–2.0 and 2.0–4.0 mm) were established by different tillage intensity to vary the seed—soil contact and to determine the best seedbed for peanut seedling emergence. The general objective was to study the water uptake and diffusivity of the seeds as well as the aeration, water transmission and thermal properties of the seedbed. In the seedbed with the finest aggregate size, the water uptake was maximum and the time needed for germination was least. 相似文献
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Zinc‐biofortified seeds improved seedling growth under zinc deficiency and drought stress in durum wheat
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下载免费PDF全文 High zinc (Zn) concentration of seeds has beneficial effects both on seed vigor and human nutrition. This study investigated the effect of Zn biofortification on growth of young durum wheat (Triticum durum cv. Yelken) seedlings under varied Zn and water supply. The seeds differing in Zn concentrations were obtained by spraying ZnSO4 to durum wheat plants at different rates under field conditions. Three groups of seeds were obtained with the following Zn concentrations: 9, 20, and 50 mg Zn kg?1. The seeds differing in Zn were tested for germination rate, seedling height, shoot dry matter production, and shoot Zn concentration under limited and well irrigated conditions in a Zn‐deficient soil with and without Zn application. In an additional experiment carried out in solution culture, root and shoot growth and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of seedlings were studied under low and adequate Zn supply. Low seed Zn concentration resulted in significant decreases in seedling height both in Zn‐deficient and sufficient soil, but more clearly under water‐limited soil condition. Decrease in seed germination due to low seed Zn was also more evident under limited water supply. Increasing seed Zn concentration significantly restored impairments in seedling development. Drought‐induced decrease in seedling growth at a given seed Zn concentration was much higher when soil was Zn‐deficient. Increasing seed Zn concentration also significantly improved SOD activity in seedlings grown under low Zn supply, but not under adequate Zn supply. The results suggest that using Zn‐biofortified seeds assures better seed vigor and seedling growth, particularly when Zn and water are limited in the growth medium. The role of a higher antioxidative potential (i.e., higher SOD activity) is discussed as a possible major factor in better germination and development of seedlings resulting from Zn‐biofortified seeds. 相似文献
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Placement of seeds on a firm, moist seedbed bottom has proved important for crop establishment in spring in Sweden. However, most modern seed drills can place the seed at the desired depth independent of a firm seedbed bottom. This was not the case with older equipment. In this work, the importance of a firm seedbed bottom was evaluated, where germination of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under dry weather conditions was studied on a clay, a silty clay loam and a sandy loam with or without a firm seedbed bottom. The experiments were carried out in lysimeters protected from precipitation. Time-domain reflectometry was used for soil water content measurements, and thermocouples to monitor soil temperature. A firm seedbed bottom greatly improved seed germination on the clay soil with a small content of plant available water, but not on the other soils. On all soils, a loose seedbed bottom increased maximum surface soil temperature. 相似文献
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种衣剂对低温处理下棉花胚根及幼苗外部形态和超微结构的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以棉种‘新陆中54号’为材料,用3种种衣剂(棉1、棉2、棉3)包衣棉种后播种于塑料营养盒内,25℃恒温培养,分别在第4天(棉种长出胚根)和第7天(棉株幼苗)均进行5、10、15、20℃共4个低温处理,与各低温下未包衣种子(对照,CK)进行比较,低温处理24h后,观察各处理棉花胚根、幼苗外部形态和超微结构的变化,以期通过模拟新疆早春"倒春寒"发生特点,考察种衣剂对提高棉花耐寒性的功效。结果表明:20℃下种衣剂处理与CK无差异,种子萌发正常,发芽率在92.24%~95.51%,3种种衣剂包衣处理胚根生长量为3.66~3.81cm,幼苗叶色浓绿,茎杆直立,胚根细胞中线粒体结构完整,叶肉细胞中线粒体、叶绿体结构规则;15℃低温下种衣剂处理棉种发芽率较CK提高4.45~6.98个百分点,胚根生长速度下降,但包衣处理生长量较CK提高25.27%~36.05%,幼苗叶色浓绿,棉苗直立,胚根细胞中线粒体内脊清晰,叶肉细胞中叶绿体、线粒体结构清晰,细胞器结构和数量明显优于CK;10℃低温下棉种发芽受到抑制,但包衣处理较CK发芽率提高0.73~4.25个百分点,19.15%~42.55%的幼苗叶片下垂萎蔫,保持正常温度后种衣剂处理棉苗很快恢复到正常形态,胚根细胞中线粒体、内质网数目多于CK,叶肉细胞中叶绿体轮廓清晰,内含物较少;5℃低温下各处理棉种发芽率均低于50.00%,CK幼苗叶色脱水失绿,萎蔫下垂,萎蔫率达74.47%,叶绿体膨胀成圆球形、轮廓模糊,包衣处理幼苗萎蔫率在60.42%~67.45%,叶肉细胞中叶绿体结构完整,呈椭球型,线粒体结构较规则、内含物浑浊。研究表明种衣剂能促进低温处理下种子萌发、提高发芽率和胚根生长速度、保护棉苗外部形态和细胞超微结构稳定,维持正常生长,增强幼苗抵御低温的危害能力。 相似文献
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为了确定电子束对番茄种子及幼苗的影响,本试验采用200、300、400、500和600 Gy 5个剂量的电子束分别辐照两个番茄品种黄盆栽和1479的干种子,以未辐照种子为对照,分析电子束处理对番茄种子萌发及其幼苗生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,随着电子束辐照剂量的增加,黄盆栽和1479种子的发芽率逐渐降低;当电子束剂量达到600 Gy时,黄盆栽和1479种子的发芽率分别为对照的97.2%和77.2%。此外,随着电子束辐照剂量的增加,番茄幼苗叶片内渗透调节物质,如游离脯氨酸(Pro)和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加,其中Pro含量增加最为明显;抗氧化酶活性也发生一定的变化,但无明显规律性。总之,不同剂量电子束对番茄种子的影响不同,相同剂量的电子束对不同品种番茄种子的影响也有显著差异,黄盆栽抗辐射能力较1479强。本研究结果为电子束辐照技术在番茄诱变育种中的应用提供了理论指导。 相似文献