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1.
以设施番茄栽培长期定位施肥土壤为研究对象,对1997~2013年不同施肥配比下土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)的变化规律进行研究,并探讨土壤活性有机碳与速效养分间关系。结果表明:施用有机肥能显著提高土壤有机碳含量;长期单施氮肥的各个处理有机碳含量随施氮量的增加而增加,并随施用年限的增加,土壤有机碳呈增加趋势;2013年的结果显示单施氮肥、氮肥与磷肥配施、氮肥与磷钾肥配施处理较不施肥处理土壤有机碳含量提高9.9%~40.9%,这说明无机肥也有提高SOC含量的作用。施用有机肥,尤其是有机肥与无机肥配施条件下,易氧化有机碳(readily oxidized organic carbon,ROC)、水溶性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)和微生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)的含量明显提高,其中有机肥与氮磷钾肥配施的处理DOC和MBC的含量最高。轻组有机碳(light fraction organic carbon,LFOC)与土壤速效磷呈极显著的正相关(r0.01=0.634**,n=12);ROC与碱解氮、速效钾都呈极显著正相关,其中与碱解氮的相关性最好(r0.01=0.82**,n=12)。  相似文献   

2.
【目的】探明不同年龄级别皂荚树的土壤肥力状况，并对其土壤质量进行综合评价，为制定适宜的古树保护策略提供科学依据。【方法】以西安市鄠邑区不同年龄级别皂荚树树冠范围内0～40 cm土壤为研究对象，采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法，测定土壤pH、电导率(EC)、容重(BD)、有机质(OM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量，并运用主成分分析法对不同年龄级别皂荚树土壤质量进行综合评价。【结果】鄠邑区皂荚树土壤pH为8.03～8.88,属碱性土壤；不同年龄级别皂荚树土壤的TK含量差异均不显著；土壤BD依次为二级古树>一级古树>非古树>三级古树；不同年龄级别皂荚树土壤的EC值、OM、TN、TP、AN、AP和AK含量表现出不同程度差异，其中，非古树土壤各肥力指标含量均最低，随着树龄增加，三级古树各指标含量增加至最大，除TP和AP外，其余指标含量均显著高于一级古树。以全国第二次土壤普查分类标准为依据，皂荚树土壤TK含量均为三级标准，属中上水平；AN含量均为四级及以下标准，属中低水平；古皂荚树土壤TP、AP、AK、OM和TN...  相似文献   

3.
为降低化肥污染和改善稻田土壤肥力,试验施用不同剂量蚯蚓粪有机肥配施化肥,探究对种植水稻东北黑土土壤性状(碱解氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾)和5种酶活(脱氢酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶)的影响,筛选适合水稻生长有机肥用量.结果 表明,8种施肥模式中,蚯蚓粪配施化肥处理土壤性状和酶活高于常规施肥对照组.经主成分分析,碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、脱氢酶和磷酸酶发挥主要作用,比较8种有机肥配施化肥土壤性状和酶活可知,化肥减量30％+蚯蚓粪(T3)处理效果最显著,与未施肥处理(CK)和常规化肥处理(CK0)相比,T3处理分别增产31.6％和71.8％(P＜0.01),更利于促进水稻生长.  相似文献   

4.
为研究长期有机无机肥配施对红壤性水稻田作物产量、土壤微生物生物量及有机碳分子结构的影响,以始于1984年的江西红壤性水稻田长期定位试验为平台,选取的试验处理包括：不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）和等养分条件下70%化肥配施30%有机肥（NPKM1）、50%化肥配施50%有机肥（NPKM2）、30%化肥配施70%有机肥（NPKM3）,采用固体13C核磁共振测定了土壤有机碳组分含量,分析了土壤化学指标和土壤微生物生物量碳（Microbial biomass carbon,MBC）和微生物生物量氮（Microbial biomass nitrogen,MBN）。结果表明,连续34年的不同施肥处理显著影响了水稻产量、土壤微生物生物量及土壤有机碳（SOC）分子结构。与NPK处理相比,有机肥配施（NPKM1、NPKM2、NPKM3）提高了水稻产量,增幅为6.5%~7.7%（P>0.05）,中低有机肥配施比例（30%和50%）稳产效果更优。长期单施化肥使土壤严重酸化,而配施有机肥可减缓土壤酸化。长期施肥处理MBC和MBN较CK处理分别显著提高17.0%~71.1%和104.1%~267.0%,但MBC/MBN下降,有机无机肥配施处理较NPK处理提高了微生物熵。长期单施化肥主要提高了烷基碳的相对含量,而配施有机肥同时提高烷基碳和烷氧碳（甲氧基/含氮烷基碳）含量,有利于土壤活性有机质累积。Pearson相关性分析表明土壤微生物生物量与SOC、氮磷养分指标及甲氧基/含氮烷基碳呈显著或极显著正相关,与芳基碳和羧基碳呈显著负相关。冗余分析显示SOC、有效磷、速效钾及烷基碳等对水稻产量的影响较大。研究表明,在供试条件下,长期实行中低比例有机肥配施化肥有利于提高土壤养分和土壤微生物生物量,并改善土壤有机质结构,是维持作物高产和提升土壤质量的有效施肥措施。  相似文献   

5.
【目的】旨在掌握高原夏菜种植基地土壤肥力水平及土壤养分分布特征。【方法】以甘肃省榆中县高原夏菜种植区域为研究对象，采用调查研究的方法，利用土壤养分速测仪和农业环境测定仪对高原夏菜种植基地土壤养分进行测定，结合地统计学、地理信息系统(GIS)技术、Kriging插值分析等对土壤养分质量进行分析。【结果】土壤速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)变异系数>100%,属于强度变异，碱解氮(AN)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、电导率(EC)和有机质(OM)变异系数介于10%～100%,属于中等强度变异；土壤养分最优半方差模型为线性、球形及高斯模型，TN、AP、TP、AK、OM块金效应大于75%,空间相关性较弱，TK块金效应介于25%～75%,TK系统空间相关性为中等；AN呈中部高、四周低，TP分布情况为四周高、中部低，EC、AK分布情况为北部高、南部低，TK、OM分布情况为南部高、北部低，TN、AP呈多峰分布，经Kriging交叉验证结果较为可靠；高原夏菜种植基地7种蔬菜种植地土壤类型肥力水平均为中等，TN、AP、TP、OM含量水平为丰富，AN含量水平为中等，AK、TK含量水平为缺...  相似文献   

6.
长期有机无机肥配施对稻田土壤养分的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
通过湖南省7个县市土壤肥力与肥效监测长期定位试验,研究了单施化肥和有机无机肥配施对稻田耕层土壤养分及水稻产量的影响.结果表明,长期有机无机肥配施显著增加了土壤有机碳及活性有机碳含量.提高土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、全锌、全铜以及碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效锌、有效铜含量,效果为高量有机肥配施(HOM)＞中量有机肥配施(MOM)＞单施化肥(NPK).说明无论单施化肥还是有机无机肥配施都可以增强土壤养分容量及其供应强度,其中以高量有机肥配施效果最好.与试验前相比,施肥处理下土壤氮、磷维持平衡或大幅度积累,但土壤钾仍出现不同程度的亏缺.  相似文献   

7.
施肥方式对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
基于长期田间定位试验,采用田间采样与数理统计法研究不同施肥方式对紫色土活性有机碳及碳库管理指数(CPMI)的影响。施肥方式包括不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、化学氮磷钾肥配施(NPK)、单施有机肥(OM)、有机肥配施化学氮磷钾肥(OMNPK)和秸秆还田配施化学氮磷钾肥(RSDNPK)。结果显示,施肥的各处理均能够提高土壤有机碳及其活性组分含量,以OM和RSDNPK处理的提升效果最佳。相比CK,OM处理的土壤总有机碳(TOC)、易氧化有机碳(PXOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量分别提高91.4%、109.2%、57.5%、35.1%,RSDNPK处理的TOC、PXOC、MBC、DOC含量分别提高142.8%、95.4%、70.8%、46.2%。土壤PXOC、MBC、DOC占TOC的比例(分配比例)分别为36.18%~49.13%、1.64%~2.58%、0.57%~0.94%,其中,PXOC和MBC的分配比例在RSDNPK处理中较CK显著(P<0.05)降低,而DOC的分配比例在各处理间无显著差异。OM和RSDNPK处理的CPMI显著(P<0.05)高于N和NPK处理。土壤PXOC、MBC含量与氮磷养分之间,以及CMPI与MBC、PXOC、TN、AN、AP均呈现显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关性。研究结果说明,有机肥或秸秆还田配施氮磷钾化肥能够提高耕层土壤有机碳储量,改善土壤质量,PXOC与CPMI可用作表征土壤质量变化的敏感指标。  相似文献   

8.
不同施肥处理对红壤坡耕地土壤团聚体的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过2年小区试验,研究了不施肥、单施化肥、单施有机肥、有机肥与化肥配施4种施肥处理对土壤团聚体的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,单施化肥、单施有机肥和有机肥与化肥配施土壤体积质量分别降低了1.69%、3.39%、6.78%;土壤有机质含量分别增加2.14%、14.97%、19.25%;0.25 mm机械稳定性团聚体的含量分别显著提高了10%、11.17%、17.86%(P0.05)。不同施肥处理0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体的含量无显著差异;而有机肥与化肥配施处理含量最高;有机肥与化肥配施处理的土壤团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)、土壤团聚体几何平均直径(GMD)的值最大;单施化肥团聚体破坏率最高,有机肥与化肥配施处理团聚体破坏率最低。说明有机肥与化肥配施可以降低土壤体积质量,能有效提高土壤有机质、机械稳定性团聚体、水稳性团聚体的含量,改善土壤团聚体的团聚度和稳定性,对提升耕地质量有较好的作用。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】土壤有机质及其活性是评价土壤肥力的重要指标,研究洞庭湖区典型双季稻轮作水稻土总有机碳、全氮积累及其活性对长期不同施肥的响应特征,为稻田施肥管理和土壤培肥提供科学依据。【方法】依托国家稻田土壤肥力与施肥效应长期试验平台,以不施肥处理（CK）为对照,研究农户习惯施氮磷钾化肥（CF）、施氮钾化肥（NK）、均衡施氮磷钾化肥（NPK）、低量有机肥与氮磷钾化肥配施（LOM,有机肥氮比例为30%）、高量有机肥与氮磷钾化肥配施（HOM,有机肥氮比例为60%）影响下0-20和20-40 cm土层土壤总有机碳（TOC）、全氮（TN）含量及储量积累效应、有机碳氮活性组分含量及其比例的变化特征。【结果】26年不施肥0-20 cm土层土壤TOC含量基本稳定,仅较原始土壤增加0.64 g·kg-1,持续植稻可能是其保持稳定的重要原因。两土层土壤TOC、TN含量在长期不同施肥后均有显著增加（P＜0.05）,但其储量仅仅在均衡施氮磷钾化肥特别是与有机肥配施后显著提升（P＜0.05）。0-40 cm土层土壤微生物量碳（MBC）、微生物量氮（MBN）、溶解性有机碳（DOC）、溶解性有机氮（DON）含量变幅分别为64.54-708.76、22.92-92.25、39.06-63.24、10.76-31.87 mg·kg-1,均随土层加深而下降。施肥后0-20 cm土层土壤MBC、MBN、DOC、DON含量提高34.1%-81.8%、56.1%-134.4%、23.5%-42.0%、20.3%-83.2%,20-40 cm土层则分别提高-3.8%-38.1%、32.5%-78.2%、8.2%-37.5%、9.3%-56.8%,施肥对相同土层土壤MBC、MBN、DOC、DON含量的增加效应均表现出氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥明显优于化肥单施的处理效应,但不同化肥处理间0-20 cm土层土壤微生物量碳氮、溶解性有机碳氮含量差异不显著（P＞0.05）。随土层加深,土壤MBC/TOC、MBN/TN、DON/TN数值显著降低,而DOC/TOC值则有所增加。长期不同施肥有利于提升土壤总有机碳、全氮中活性组分比例,且以氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥处理效果最佳,其两土层土壤总有机碳、全氮中各活性碳氮组分的分配比例均较CK处理显著提高（P＜0.05）,且该效应随有机肥用量增加而增强。土壤MBC、MBN、DOC、DON两两之间及与土壤总有机碳、全氮、容重、pH具有显著或极显著相关性,与碳氮比、粘粒含量的相关关系不显著,但总体以土壤微生物量碳氮所获相关系数高于溶解性有机碳氮。施肥明显提高早、晚稻产量,两土层MBC、MBN、DOC、DON均与周年水稻产量呈现正相关性,但相关系数总体上随土层加深而明显降低（P＜0.05）。【结论】在洞庭湖双季稻区,长期不同施肥后,相同类型土壤活性有机质组分中活性氮组分含量增加较活性碳组分更明显,氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥能显著提高0-40 cm土层土壤有机碳、氮活性,更有利于土壤总有机碳氮积累及生产力提升,土壤微生物量碳氮可更敏感地预测长期施肥影响下土壤质量的变化。  相似文献   

10.
通过田间试验,研究不同灌溉模式和施氮量下早晚稻不同生育期土壤有机碳(SOC)和易氧化有机碳(LOC)含量、微生物量碳(MBC)和甲烷氧化菌(MOB)数量的变化,以及水稻生育期内稻田甲烷排放通量变化情况,并分析当日稻田甲烷排放通量与土壤SOC、LOC、MBC和MOB的关系,以期获得稻田甲烷减排的灌溉模式和施氮量。两季试验均设3种灌溉模式,即常规灌溉(C)、"薄浅湿晒"灌溉(T)和干湿交替灌溉(D);2种施氮量,即120 kg·hm~(-2)(N1)和150 kg·hm~(-2)(N2)。结果表明,N1时D模式土壤SOC含量在晚稻乳熟期和早稻孕穗期较高,N2时早、晚稻4个时期SOC含量均以D模式最高;早晚稻土壤LOC含量以D模式较低,土壤MOB数量均以C模式较低,而MBC则以C模式较高。N2处理稻田MOB、SOC、LOC和MBC含量均高于N1处理。稻田甲烷排放量在分蘖期和乳熟期较高,而在孕穗期和成熟期较低。D模式早、晚稻全生育期甲烷排放通量和累计排放量均显著低于T和C模式,而N2处理这些指标均高于N1。稻田甲烷排放通量受土壤MOB、LOC和MBC的直接影响和SOC含量的间接影响,在干湿交替模式和施氮量120 kg·hm~(-2)下稻田甲烷排放量最低。  相似文献   

11.
长期施肥对黄泥田碳和氮及氮素利用的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
 【目的】研究长期施肥下南方黄泥田碳和氮的变异规律及其与硝态氮累积的关系,阐明影响硝态氮累积的主要因素。【方法】以25年定位试验为平台,通过室内分析和统计分析,研究不施肥、施化肥和有机无机肥配施处理条件下黄泥田有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、微生物量碳、微生物量氮和氮素利用率的变化及与硝态氮累积的相关关系。【结果】（1）双季稻区,在提高土壤SOC、TN、碱解氮、微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量方面,有机无机肥配施明显优于单施无机肥,并以配施高量（70%）或低量有机肥（30%）效果最佳。（2）在等养分量条件下,与施无机肥处理相比,配施高量或低量有机肥处理在土壤硝态氮含量和累积量均有显著增加,有机无机肥等比例配施处理的硝态氮含量和累积量有大幅减少,与不施肥处理基本相当。【结论】提高土壤质量以配施高量有机肥效果最好,降低土壤中硝态氮累积量以等比例配施有机无机肥效果最佳。因此,从提高土壤质量和保护生态环境方面考虑,该区域有机无机肥配施应注意配施比例。影响硝态氮累积的因素主要有土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物量碳和微生物量氮,其中最直接的影响因素是土壤微生物量碳。  相似文献   

12.
《农业科学学报》2023,22(7):2221-2232
Fertilization is an effective technique to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield. The long-term effects of different fertilizers on soil considerably vary. Over 38 consecutive years of different fertilization positioning experiments in a double cropping rice field of Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station, seven different fertilization treatments including CK (no fertilization), NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer), M (cow manure), NPKM (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with cow manure), NPM (nitrogen and phosphorus with cow manure), NKM (nitrogen and potassium with cow manure), and PKM (phosphorus and potassium with cow manure) were applied to study the effects on rice yield, soil fertility, and nutrient apparent balance in a paddy field. The results showed that the annual average yields of rice in NPKM, NPM, NKM, PKM, M, NPK and CK treatments ranged from 6 214 to 11 562 kg ha–1. Yields under long-term organic and inorganic treatments (NPKM, NPM, NKM and PKM) were 22.58, 15.35, 10.53 and 4.41%, respectively, greater than under the NPK treatment. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN) and available potassium (AK) concentration with long-term organic and inorganic treatment (NPKM, NPM, NKM and PKM) were significantly higher than in inorganic fertilizer (NPK) treatments. Soil total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP) contentration with organic fertilizer combined with inorganic N and P fertilizer treatment (NPKM, NPM and PKM) were significantly higher than with inorganic fertilizer alone (NPK treatments). The average annual rice yield (11 562 kg ha–1), SOC (20.88 g kg–1), TN (2.30 g kg–1), TP (0.95 g kg–1), TK (22.50 g kg–1) and AP (38.94 mg kg–1) concentrations were the highest in the NPKM treatment. The soil AN concentration (152.40 mg kg–1) and AK contentration (151.00 mg kg–1) were the highest in the NKM treatment. N and P application led to a surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, but NPKM treatment effectively reduced the surplus compared with other treatments. Soils under all treatments were deficient in potassium. Correlation analysis showed that SOC, TN, AN, TP, and AP contentration was significantly correlated with rice yield; the correlation coefficients were 0.428, 0.496, 0.518, 0.501, and 0.438, respectively. This study showed that the combined application of N, P, and K with cow manure had important effects on rice yield and soil fertility, but balanced application of N, P, and K with cow manure was required.  相似文献   

13.
通过长期定位肥料试验,研究了不同施肥对红壤性水稻土微生物生态特征的影响.结果表明,有机无机肥料配合施用均能明显增加土壤中细菌和放线菌数量,减少真菌数量;N,P,K肥配合稻草还田对提高土壤微生物活度的效果显著;有机无机肥料配合施用对提高土壤微生物生物碳和生物氮量的作用显著,并可降低土壤微生物碳氮比.  相似文献   

14.
By selecting a typical peak-cluster depression area of karst region in Southwest China, we evaluated the effect of land use types and topographic factors on soil nutrients. Grid and line sampling methods were used to sample soil in depression and slope lands respectively, and classical statistical tools were applied to analyze the spatial variability character of soil organic carbon （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, total potassium （TK）, available nitrogen （AN）, available phosphorus （AP）, available potassium （AK）, pH, and C/N. It was found that land use type was the dominant factor that effected the spatial heterogeneity of SOC, TN, TP, TK, AN, and AP. The content of SOC, TN, and AN decreased with the increase of land use intensity. Due to high fertilizer input, TP and AP in tillage fields were higher than those in the other land use types. TK had no obvious change trend among various land use types. Topographic factors had a significant effect on SOC, TN, TP, AN, AP, AK, and pH. Habitat factor was the dominant factor that effected AK. Altitude factor was the dominant factor for pH. However, all of these factors had no significant effect on C/N. Tillage practice had important effect on soil nutrients loss and soil degradation in the fragile karst ecosystem, and the input of organic manure should be increased in this region.  相似文献   

15.
长江下游稻麦轮作农田不同施肥措施的固碳潜力分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
基于长江下游稻麦轮作农田27个长期试验点184组样本数据,采用Meta分析法研究无机氮肥（N）、无机氮磷钾肥配施（NPK）、单施有机肥（O）和有机无机肥配施（OF）4种施肥措施下农田土壤有机碳含量相对年变化量、固碳持续时间以及在固碳周期内的固碳比例。结果表明,N、NPK、O和OF处理均能增加农田表土有机碳含量相对年变化量,分别为0.05、0.19、0.22和0.31 g·kg-1·a-1,其中,以OF等处理下为最大。两熟制和三熟制农田表土有机碳含量相对年变化量分别为0.26和0.21 g·kg-1·a-1;随着监测时间的延长,N、NPK、O和OF等4种处理下农田表土有机碳增加速率逐渐降低,农田土壤固碳持续时间分别达19、36、51和47 a,以O处理最长。整个固碳周期内土壤所能增加的有机碳比例分别为6.93%、18.98%、22.34%和32.33%,以OF处理下为最高。从农田土壤固碳角度考虑,有机无机肥配施为长江下游稻麦轮作农田较为适宜的施肥方式。  相似文献   

16.
Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regions. In our study, acid sulfate paddy soils were divided into soils with high, medium and low levels based on local rice productivity, and 60 soil samples were collected for analysis. Twenty soil variables including physical, chemical and biochemical properties were determined. Those variables that were significantly different between the high, medium and low productivity soils were selected for principal component analysis, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total nitrogen (TN), available silicon (ASi), pH and available zinc (AZn) were retained in the minimum data set (MDS). After scoring the MDS variables, they were integrated to calculate a soil quality index (SQI), and the high, medium and low productivity paddy soils received mean SQI scores of 0.95, 0.83 and 0.60, respectively. Low productivity paddy soils showed worse soil quality, and a large discrepancy was observed between the low and high productivity paddy soils. Lower MBC, TN, ASi, pH and available K (AK) were considered as the primary limiting factors. Additionally, all the soil samples collected were rich in available P and AZn, but deficient in AK and ASi. The results suggest that soil AK and ASi deficiencies were the main limiting factors for all the studied acid sulfate paddy soil regions. The application of K and Si on a national basis and other sustainable management approaches are suggested to improve rice productivity, especially for low productivity paddy soils. Our results indicated that there is a large potential for increasing productivity and producing more cereals in acid sulfate paddy soil regions.  相似文献   

17.
岩溶峰丛洼地土壤养分空间分异特征及影响因子分析   总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17  
研究了典型岩溶峰丛洼地土壤养分在坡地和洼地的空间分异特征，并探讨了土地利用方式和地形因子对土壤养分空间分布的影响。结果表明：土壤养分在坡地和洼地存在显著差异，受长期耕作影响，有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮和速效钾在洼地的含量显著低于坡地。而速效磷在洼地的含量显著高于坡地，说明施肥对土壤的有效磷含量具有重要作用；在坡面尺度，土地利用方式是有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷等养分的主要影响因子。地形因子对有机碳等上述养分和速效钾、PH值有显著影响，但其方差贡献均小于土地利用方式（速效钾和PH值除外）；种植制度对洼地土壤有机碳、全磷、全钾、速效钾有显著影响，牧草地在一定程度上有利于有机质的积累；有机碳、全氮、碱解氮等养分整体表现为随着土地利用强度的增加而显著降低，自然坡地和撂荒地的有机碳含量较高，分别为耕地的3.35倍和1.91倍，生态系统表现为“碳汇”趋势。耕地的有机碳含量显著偏低，生态系统表现为“碳源”趋势，不利于农业生态系统的健康发展。木豆-板栗地的有机碳、全氮等养分显著高于耕地，退耕在一定程度上有利于有机质等养分的积累，但是对坡面尺度土壤养分的分析表明木豆-板栗地的有机碳等养分显著低于自然坡地和撂荒地，说明土壤理化性质要恢复到自然水平，还需要较长时间。  相似文献   

18.
Ammonia oxidizing （AOB） and denitrifying bacteria （DNB） play an important role in soil nitrogen transformation in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Effects of long-term fertilization on abundance and community composition of AOB and DNB were studied with targeting ammonia monooxygenase （amoA） and nitrite reductase （nirK） genes using polymerase chain reaction- denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） and real-time PCR, respectively. A field trial with different fertilization treatments in a rice paddy from Tai Lake region, centre East China was used in this study, including no fertilizer application （NF）, balanced chemical fertilizers （CF）, combined organic/inorganic fertilizer of balanced chemical fertilizers plus pig manure （CFM）, and plus rice straw return （CFS）. The abundances and riehnesses of amoA and nirK were increased in CF, CFM and CFS compared to NF. Principle component analysis of DGGE profiles showed significant difference in nirK and amoA genes composition between organic amended （CFS and CFM） and the non-organic amended （CF and NF） plots. Number of amoA copies was significantly positively correlated with normalized soil nutrient richness （NSNR） of soil organic carbon （SOC） and total nitrogen （T-N）, and that of nirK copies was with NSNR of SOC, T-N plus total phosphorus. Moreover, nitrification potential showed a positive correlation with SOC content, while a significantly lower denitrification potential was found under CFM compared to under CFS. Therefore, SOC accumulation accompanied with soil nutrient richness under long-term balanced and organic/inorganic combined fertilization promoted abundance and diversity of AOB and DNB in the rice paddy.  相似文献   

19.
To evaluate the effect of organic manure application with chemical fertilizers on rice yield and soil fertility under long-term double-rice cropping system, a six year field experiment was conducted continually in the paddy soil derived from Quaternary red clay in Hunan Province of southern China. Four different treatments, i.e., no nitrogen with chemical P and K （PK）, swine manure only （M）, N, P and K chemical fertilizers only （NPK）, and half chemical fertilizers combined with half swine manure （NPKM） with four replications were included. Each N, P and K application rate was the same at all the treatments （except the N application rate at PK） and N application rate was 150 kg N ha^-1. All fertilizers were applied to soil tillage layer with once application as baseal fertilizers. The nutrients uptake rate, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil organic matter content at each treatment were investigated. The NPKM treatment achieved the highest mean annual yield of 12.2 t ha^-1 （68% higher than that of PK）. Higher dry matter accumulation and nutrients absorption were observed during the middle-late growth period in the NPKM treatment, with higher panicle number per unit and filled-grain number per panicle. Its average nitrogen use efficiency was 36.3% and soil organic matter increased by 18.5% during the experimental period in the NPKM treatment, which were significantly higher than those in the NPK treatment. Organic manure application with chemical fertilizers increased the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice, reduced the risk of environmental pollution and improved soil fertility greatly. It could be a good practical technique that protects the environment and raises the rice yield in this region.  相似文献   

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