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1.
Turrà D 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):449-449
The molecular factors involved in the three-way interaction between plant, pathogenic fungi and antagonistic/biocontrol fungi, such as Trichoderma, are still poorly understood, even if they represent a matter of interest for improving crop management and developing new strategies for plant diseases control. The aim of this work is to investigate the components involved in this interaction and, for this purpose, a proteomic approach was used. 2-D maps of the protein extracts from the single co… 相似文献
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The direct impact of seed-borne fungi on seed is considerable. Many fungi are serious parasites of seed primordial and maturing seeds and reduce yield of seed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Other fungi, including saprophytes and very weak parasites, may lower the quality of seeds by causing discoloration which may seriously depreciate the commercial value of seeds, particularly of grain when graded for consumption. Studies by using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） confirmed the importance of the seed coat, and seed cells as infection sites as well as location of the mycelium of the investigated fungus. Macrophominaphaseolina The present investigation is undertaken to study the colonization, infection and fungal establishment on different sesame seed parts by （SEM）. A successful colonization of M. phaseolina to seed tissues was also detected. Different forms of pycnidial shapes were also observed. 相似文献
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Study of signal transduction factors involved in mycoparasitic response of Trichoderma atroviride 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zeilinger S Ambrosino P Brunner K Reithner B Mach R L Woo S L Cristilli M Scala F Lorito M 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):451-451
Numerous Trichoderma spp. are mycoparasites and commercially applied as biological control agents against a large number of plant pathogenic fungi. The mycoparasitic interaction is host-specific and several research strategies have been applied to identify the main genes and compounds involved in the antagonist-plant-pathogen three-way interaction. During mycoparasitism, signals from the host fungus are recognised by Trichoderma, stimulating antifungal activities that are accompanied by mo… 相似文献
4.
The potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella Zeller, is one of the most important potato pests worldwide including China. Several reports indicate that P. operculella could be controlled biologically by the use of beneficial fungus such as Beauveria bassiana(Bals.-Criv) Vuill. However, limited information is available under growing conditions in China. Thus, this study evaluated the sub-lethal effects of B. bassiana on the offspring of P. operculella by the age-stage, two-sex life table. First instar larva of P. operculella were treated with 1×107 conidia m L–1 of the fungus, and several biological parameters were evaluated. The fecundity, duration of the egg stage, all larval stages, pre-adult stage, and total pre-oviposition period, were significantly shorter than the control treatment. Offspring of treated parents, presented a net reproductive rate and mean generation time of 17.43 per day and 24.98 days, respectively, compared to 65.79 per day and 26.51 days for the untreated ones. This study provides basic information to help understanding the potential long-term effects of entomopathogenic fungi on P. operculella. 相似文献
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唐诺德·罗伯茨 《安徽农业大学学报》2007,34(2):141-148
The Mormon cricket (MC),Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera:Tettigoniidae),has a long and negative history with agriculture in the western states of the USA where MC often migrates in large groups and causes significant damage to forage plants and cultivated crops.In this review, virulence to MC of isolates of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae varieties acridum and anisopliae were compared in an effort to identify isolates with promise for use as MC biological control agents.All of the isolates tested induced 100% or nearly 100% mortality by six days post application of the fungal conidia.Searches for new Metarhizium isolates with high heat and UV-B tolerance included isolation fungi from field-caught MC and grasshopper after they died in the laboratory and culturing fungi from soil samples collected from numerous western USA sites.The survey was preceded by development of a dodine based selective medium that,at 0.002% active ingredient,permitted growth of M.anisopliae var.acridum,but inhibited most contaminating fungi.The M.anisopliae var.acridum isolates examined to date have much higher tolerance to heat and UV-B irradiation than M.anisopliae var.anisopliae isolates,and this may be critical to successful field applications.The variety acridum has not yet been found in the USA,so our search for such isolates continues.Several new M.anisopliae var.anisopliae and Beauveria spp.were found,and the Metarhizium isolates are being characterized as to stress tolerance and virulence to insects.Characterization includes comparisons of new and pre-existing Metarhizium isolates by amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis.Finally, experiments on MC developmental biology were conducted to gather data needed to develop a degree day model and to establish laboratory colonies of MC. 相似文献
6.
In Denmark, the weevils Strophosoma melanogrammum and S.capitatum cause economic damage in Noble fir due to the adult stage feeding on the needles.No chemical treatments of these weevils are allowed in Denmark,so biological control is an attractive solution.We evaluated the potential for microbial control of larvae of Strophosoma spp.based on laboratory bioassays and field applications,taking effect on both target and non-target into consideration,as well as persistence of the applied fungus.In the laboratory Beauveria bassiana,Paecilomyces farinosus and Metarhizium anisopliae were able to infect and cause mycosis in Strophosoma larvae.Among the tested isolates the most virulent isolate was M.anisopliae BIPESCO 5,which resulted in 80 % mortality.In the field experiment M.anisopliae,isolate BIPESCO 5,was applied to the soil as a conidial suspension against larvae of Strophosoma spp.The effect of the fungus on the target population was monitored at a weekly basis by counts of emerging adult weevils during their activity periods.The population of Strophosoma spp.was reduced by up to 60% in treated plots compared to control plots.The non-target effects of M.anisopliae were studied by sampling insects and ticks from both treated and control plots.Seven days after treatment,two sampled insect orders (Hemiptera and Coleoptera) and ticks were found with prevalences of M.anisopliae above 50%,compared to no infection in the insects collected from control plots.Infections in coccinellids were found as long as 277 days after treatment.However,the effect on population level of non-target is still unexplored.The persistence of the fungus was documented by plating a soil suspension onto agar.We documented that conidia of M.anisopliae could persist in the greenery plantation for at least 418 days after application. 相似文献
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The rice blast,caused by fungus Magnaporthe oryzae,is a major constraint to the world food security.Hyphal growth is the foundation of fungal development and proliferation of fungi.To investigate genes involved in hyphal growth of this fungus,digital gene expression tag profiling was used to compare a previously generated temperature-sensitive mutant which defect at hyphae growth and reduction on pathogenicity,with its related wildtype strain.416 genes were detected as differential expression,178 of which were specifically expressed in Guy-11 but down-regulated expression in the mutant.Functional classification analysis revealed the phenotype mutation may be mainly caused by a defection in translational and vacuole- related processes.The results and the protocol used will improve our knowledge on morphogenesis and promote the further study on M.oryzae pathogenesis. 相似文献
8.
瓦螨微生物防治的不良效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We report six different field trials testing the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae,an entomopathogenic fungus,against varroa mites in honey bee hives.Varroa mites are parasitic on honey bees and cause serious damage to Apis mellifera colonies.Several control methods are available for varroa mites,none are very effective,so new,more effective methods are being sought.Varroa has previously been shown to be highly susceptible to M.anisopliae infections,and in our first two field trials,we found some efficacy from spore applications.However,in subsequent field trials,we were not able to obtain any varroa control, despite attempting several different application methods, two different strains of the fungus, and testing in different climates and during different phenological states of the honey bee colony. We conclude that microbial control of varroa using fungi is not likely to be effective unless some way is found to prolong the survival of the spores (or other infective units) in the hive environment. 相似文献
9.
Insects are major pests of stored grains. In sub Sahara Africa, stored grain insect pests are mainly Coleoptera or Lepidoptera. In the Logone Valley, area covering the Far North Region of Cameroon and South-West of Chad, to our knowledge, the diversity of insect pests noxious to stored products is not established. These beetles and weevils （Insecta：Coleoptera） during their development depreciate food in storage, were able to destroy a whole stock in a very short period of time if no protection of stored food is made. To achieve the diversity of insect pests, inspections of granaries were done in 209 villages of Logone Valley where insect pests were collected and identified. Secondly, the stored grains were sampled in peasant＇s granaries of Logone Valley and reared in incubators in the Unit of Entomological Research of the University of Ngaound6r6. After their emergence, insects were removed, collected and identified. Their noxious efficiency on stored grains is done by the calculation of the density of each insect pests per gram of grains. This study indicates that 12 species of harmful insects attack cereals and leguminous grains in the Logone Valley during storage. The Bruchids were the main insect pests of legumes. Callosobruchus maculatus was the main pest of legume and attacking mainly cowpeas （34.92 bruchids/g of seed） and peanuts （20.75 bruchids/g of seed）. Seven harmful species destroy the cereals. Sitophilus zeamais is the main pest of maize （15.86 weevils/g of maize） and S. oryzae, for sorghum （36.59 weevils/g of maize）. Tribolium castaneum were the main secondary pest. T. castaneum infests both cereals and leguminous. This work summarizes the importance and the diversification of stored grain pests in Logone Valley. Knowing the pest diversity is an important step in the strategy to develop a friendly and ecological control method of these harmful insects. 相似文献
10.
Fatty liver in dairy cows, which is associated with decreased metabolic function of the liver, develops during times of elevated non-esterified fatty acid （NEFA） concentrations in the blood when the hepatic uptake of lipids exceeds the oxidation and secretion of lipids by the liver and then it will cause hepatic accumulation of triglyceride （TG）. The condition is often related to decreased health status, well-being, productivity, and reproductive performance of cows. Prevention of fatty liver in the transition period is always better than any treatments. The nutritional preventative strategies mainly focus either on decreasing the supply of NEFA to liver, and it aims to improve liver function or optimize the capacity then to dispose of NEFA by exporting them as triglycerides in lipoproteins （VLDL）. Good dry cow nutritional programs, combined with excellent feeding management to achieve high levels of dry matter intake throughout the transition period should be the first priority for management. Several different compounds can promote these metabolic actions. The addition of glucose precursors such as glycerol, propyelene glycol, or propionate salts to the feed in the transition diet can modify metabolism in a manner to decrease fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue and reduce the likelihood of liver TG accumulation. Supplying some other specific nutrients to dairy cows during the transition period may increase rates of NEFA disposal, with resulting effects on performance, though the hepatic capacities for export as triglycerides within VLDL are relatively limited in ruminants. Further studies examining nutritional and management strategies are required to develop new preventive or treatment options that are more practical to reduce the occurrence of fatty liver and its adverse metabolic effects. 相似文献
11.
【目的】明确1株从桉大毛虫上分离得到的虫生真菌的分类地位和生防潜力,为丰富虫生真菌资源及桉树林害虫的生物防治提供理论依据。【方法】采用常规组织分离法从自然感染死亡的桉大毛虫上分离病原菌,经致病性鉴定后,通过菌株形态学特征观察及rDNA-ITS、 EF1-α、 β-tublin基因序列联合构建系统发育进化树确定病原菌的分类地位;以不同环境条件下菌丝生长与产孢量为指标测定病原菌的生物学特性;用病原菌孢子液喷洒供试虫体测定其寄主范围;将病原菌孢子配制成不同浓度梯度的孢子悬浮液处理东亚飞蝗、红火蚁和马尾松毛虫进行毒力测定;使用病原菌生产的菌粉进行大田防治试验,调查防治效果。【结果】从罹病桉大毛虫上分离到1株虫生真菌菌株DMC01,经致病性鉴定确定其为桉大毛虫致死病原菌;经形态学特性分析和分子鉴定确定菌株DMC01为爪哇棒束孢（Isariajavanica）,全光照 （24 L∶0 D）、温度26 ℃、 pH 7、碳源为蔗糖、氮源为牛肉膏和酵母浸粉条件下最有利于其菌丝生长和产孢;菌株DMC01寄主范围初步测定其可寄生5目15种害虫,在1×108孢子/mL处理6~10 d后, 4龄东亚飞蝗、红火蚁和4龄马尾松毛虫的校正死亡率均达100.00%。2020年菌株DMC01菌粉对桉树林所有害虫的平均防效为51.9%,2021年平均防效达79.1%。【结论】从自然感染死亡的桉大毛虫上分离获得1株爪哇棒束孢菌株DMC01,该菌株对桉树林害虫具有高致病力,具有作为生防菌剂的潜力。 相似文献
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R T Major 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,157(794):1270-1273
Fossil records clearly demonstrate that the group of trees known as Ginkgoales, of which today Ginkgo biloba is the sole living member, date back over 200 million years. Ginkgo bilboa itself is one of the oldest of living plants (4). It appears that the longevity of this tree and its long reproductive period are at least partially responsible for the persistence of the species. The resistance of these trees to pests such as insects, bacteria, viruses, and fungi has been studied. It is believed that their unusual resistance to pests accounts in part for the longevity of the trees and also, in turn, for the longevity of the species. 相似文献
14.
书虱在我国粮库中的发生越来越严重,对粮食安全造成了很大的威胁。其中嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱已经发展成为"双低"(低氧、低药剂)和"三低"(低氧、低药剂、低温)储粮中的害虫优势种群。对储粮保护剂、气调、熏蒸技术、植物精油、昆虫生长调节剂等对该两种书虱的防治进行了综述,同时介绍了两种书虱的抗性现状,旨在为实仓中该两种书虱的防治提供一定的依据。 相似文献
15.
Kaiser R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5762):806-807
Some flowering plants mimic the scent and appearance of mushroom fruiting bodies. Fungi may also mimic flowers. In addition, infection of plants by certain fungi can direct the plant to develop nonfunctional floral-like structures that nonetheless primarily serve the reproductive advantage of the fungus. These various mimicries may serve to attract insects that in turn spread fungal spores or plant pollen, thus facilitating sexual reproduction of the cryptic organism. 相似文献
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对重庆市近郊区县农户贮粮的基本情况及仓虫种类、数量和为害损失程度等进行了调查研究，并提出贮粮害虫防治策略。 相似文献
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一株核桃树内生真菌的分离鉴定及活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]从核桃树皮内分离筛选具抑菌活性的内生真菌菌株。[方法]核桃树皮经自来水冲洗后置于培养基以产生真菌菌株,对获得的菌株进行形态学观察及抑菌活性测试。[结果]从核桃树皮内分离到一株产广谱、高活性抑菌物质的内生真菌。经测定对细菌、植物病原真菌和皮肤致病真菌共24种病原微生物有不同程度的抑制作用。形态特征表明,该菌株与拟青霉属Paecilomyces Bainier中的淡紫拟青霉Paecilomyces lilacinus的特征基本一致,ITS序列分析显示本菌株与各淡紫拟青霉同源性都高于99%,因此将菌株JY-1024命名为淡紫拟青霉Paecilomyces lilacinusJY-1024。[结论]该研究首次从核桃树皮内分离得到淡紫拟青霉并首次报道了其抑菌活性。 相似文献
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白蚁与真菌之间关系密切而复杂：白蚁与真菌之间存在互利共生、寄生、致病等多种关系；白蚁对某些真菌代谢产物有拮抗作用；某些真菌对白蚁有强烈的诱集作用。白蚁肠道中含有的真菌能帮助白蚁消化分解掉纤维素类的物质；培菌类白蚁蚁巢内的菌圃为白蚁生存提供了最适宜的温度、湿度以及所需要的营养物质；被木腐菌寄生过的木材化学成分发生改变，这种木材白蚁更为喜食。本文对白蚁与真菌之间的各种关系作一综述，并展望了白蚁与真菌关系的实际应用前景。 相似文献