共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
大豆蚜虫生物防治技术研究的回顾与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大豆蚜(Aphis glycines)又名腻虫,蜜虫,是我国是大豆生产中重要的害虫之一,对我国的大豆产量及品质造成了严重的影响,近年来已经成为全球性的害虫。为了更好地可持续防治蚜虫的危害,笔者综述了大豆蚜的天敌的应用、植物源提取液对蚜虫的防治、抗蚜大豆资源筛选与生物防治技术等方面的研究。并对未来大豆蚜的可持续控制提出自己的一点建议。 相似文献
2.
采用一种有效的温室筛选方法，首先在栽培大豆种质中获得了大豆蚜抗性。在1425个现代北美大豆品种、106个MGOOOVII亚洲品种和一组具有不同茸毛性状的‘Clarh’等基因系中没有发现大豆蚜抗性。 相似文献
3.
4.
[目的]为了全面评价田间杀虫剂对害虫的非致死作用,[方法]我们选择了亚致死剂量吡虫啉和种群拥挤作为处理因子,测度了大豆蚜的产蚜量、成蚜寿命、若蚜历期及有翅蚜数量等指标,评价两个因子对蚜虫的寄主植株上种群的增殖力和转移扩散风险的影响性质及大小。[结果]结果表明：亚致死剂量吡虫啉对大豆蚜植株上种群有明显降低繁殖率的作用,从而有效减轻本地危害;另外,用药导致有翅蚜的数量显著降低,能降低蚜虫转移为害的风险。拥挤降低了第一代蚜虫种群的繁殖力,对第二代种群繁殖力没有显著影响。另一方面,拥挤造成有翅蚜数量增加,会增加蚜虫转移为害的风险。药剂和拥挤存在显著交互作用。[结论]研究表明：亚致死剂量的吡虫啉会降低大豆蚜后代的在原植株上的为害和转移为害,拥挤会消减药剂在植株上的控害作用,也会增加蚜虫转移为害的风险。 相似文献
5.
为了明确黑龙江省大豆蚜对田间常用药剂的敏感度情况,采用浸叶法研究田间10种常用杀虫剂对大豆蚜的敏感度测定,得到药剂对大豆蚜LC50值和相对毒力指数,并于2010年对大豆蚜敏感种群的毒力基线进行测定。结果表明,哈尔滨、佳木斯、牡丹江的大豆蚜对有机磷类农药氧化乐果的抗药指数分别为6.99倍、5.47倍和4.42倍,目前黑龙江省大豆蚜还没有对其他各常用药剂产生抗性,只对有机磷类农药氧化乐果有极轻微抗性。 相似文献
6.
为了明确三江平原地区大豆蚜及天敌的发生规律,2013年对该地区试验田的大豆蚜及其天敌发生情况进行定点、定期调查。结果表明,大豆蚜始发期为6月3日—7月1日,盛发期为7月9日—8月12日,消退期为8月19日—9月16日。大豆蚜天敌共6种,包括草蛉、龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫、食蚜蝇、小花蝽、三点盲蝽和蜘蛛。大部分大豆蚜天敌数量达到峰值的时间与大豆蚜相同或滞后7~14天。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
大豆孢囊线虫与寄主植物的相互关系及抗性基因克隆策略 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
本文概述了大豆孢囊线虫与寄主植物相互作用过程中病原与寄主的相互识别，寄主植物的防御反应的分子机理，提出了克隆大豆孢囊线虫抗性基因的分子策略。 相似文献
11.
Aphis glycines Matsumura, the soybean aphid, first arrived in North America in 2000 and has since become the most important insect pest of domestic soybean, causing significant yield loss and increasing production costs annually in many parts of the USA soybean belt. Research to identify sources of resistance to the pest began shortly after it was found and several sources were quickly identified in the USDA soybean germplasm collection. Characterization of resistance expression and mapping of resistance genes in resistant germplasm accessions resulted in the identification of six named soybean aphid resistance genes: Rag1, rag1c, Rag2, Rag3, rag4, and Rag5 (proposed). Simple sequence repeat markers flanking the resistance genes were identified, facilitating efforts to use marker-assisted selection to develop resistant commercial cultivars. Saturation or fine-mapping with single nucleotide polymorphism markers narrowed the genomic regions containing Rag1 and Rag2 genes. Two potential NBS-LRR candidate genes for Rag1 and one NBS-LRR gene for Rag2 were found within the regions. Years before the release of the first resistant soybean cultivar with Rag1 in 2009, a soybean aphid biotype, named biotype 2, was found that could overcome the resistance gene. Later in 2010, biotype 3 was characterized for its ability to colonize plants with Rag2 and other resistance genes. At present, three biotypes have been reported that can be distinguished by their virulence on Rag1 and Rag2 resistance genes. Frequency and geographic distribution of soybean aphid biotypes are unknown. Research is in progress to determine the inheritance of virulence and develop DNA markers tagging virulence genes to facilitate monitoring of biotypes. With these research findings and the availability of host lines with different resistance genes and biotypes, the soybean aphid-soybean pest-host system has become an important model system for advanced research into the interaction of an aphid with its plant host, and also the tritrophic interaction that includes aphid endosymbionts. 相似文献
12.
大豆抗蚜虫研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
大豆蚜虫（Aphis glycines Matsmura）,属同翅目刺吸式口器,是大豆（Glycine max）的主要害虫之一。迄今已经筛选到了十多份抗蚜资源并定位到了12个抗性基因,并发现了3个不同生物型的大豆蚜虫。较禾本科作物抗蚜性遗传相比,大豆或蒺藜苜蓿（Medicago truncatula Gaertn.）对蚜虫抗性的遗传规律相对简单,多为单基因显性遗传,抗性基因多预测为经典的抗病基因（R基因）,具有NBS-LRR结构域,介导基因对基因抗性。目前,植物中已经克隆到几个抗蚜虫基因,也为NBS-LRR类功能基因。本文对以上研究进行了综述与总结,并对大豆抗蚜虫的遗传研究进行了展望。 相似文献
13.
Siddhi J. Bhusal Guo-Liang Jiang Qijian Song Perry B. Cregan David Wright Jose L. Gonzalez-Hernandez 《Euphytica》2017,213(7):144
Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has become one of the major pests of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in North America since 2000. At least four biotypes of soybean aphid have been confirmed in the United States. Genetic characterization of new sources of soybean aphid resistance will facilitate the expansion of soybean gene pool for soybean aphid resistance and thus will help to develop soybean aphid resistant cultivars. To characterize the genetic basis of soybean aphid resistance in PI 603712, a newly identified resistant germplasm line, 142 F2 plants derived from the cross ‘Roberts’ × PI 603712 and their parents were evaluated for soybean aphid resistance in the greenhouse, and were genotyped with BARCSoySNP6K Illumina Infinium II BeadChip. A genome-wide molecular linkage map was constructed with 1495 polymorphic SNP markers. QTL analysis revealed that PI 603712 possessed two major loci associated with soybean aphid resistance, located on chromosome 7 and 16, respectively. The locus on chromosome 7 was dominantly expressed and positioned about one Mega-base-pair distant from the previously identified resistance locus Rag1. The locus on chromosome 16 was positioned near the previously identified resistance locus Rag3 and expressed partially dominance or additive effect. Interestingly, two minor loci were also detected on chromosomes 13 and 17 but the alleles from PI 603712 decreased the resistance. In developing soybean aphid resistant cultivars through marker-assisted selection, an appropriate combination of resistance loci should be selected when PI 603712 is used as a donor parent of resistance. 相似文献
14.
为了探讨双斑长跗萤叶甲取食几种主要农作物对成虫生殖力的影响, 在 25℃恒温条件下, 分别用大豆叶片、 玉米花丝、 玉米叶片、 水稻叶片、 棉花叶片、 马铃薯叶片和向日葵叶片等寄主组织饲养双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫, 观察其取食不同寄主组织的寿命和产卵情况。结果表明, 双斑长跗萤叶甲雌成虫取食不同寄主组织的寿命、 雌成虫产卵比例、 产卵量等均表现出显著差异。在供试寄主上雌成虫寿命和雌虫个体产卵比例由大到小依次为玉米花丝、 棉花叶片、 大豆叶片、 马铃薯叶片、 玉米叶片、 向日葵叶片和水稻叶片; 产卵量从大到小依次为棉花叶片、 玉米花丝、 大豆叶片、 向日葵叶片、 马铃薯叶片、 玉米叶片和水稻叶片; 产卵进度除取食马铃薯叶片表现为明显集中在前期外, 取食其余寄主组织的产卵进度均表现为相对均衡。在寄主玉米上, 取食雌穗花丝的产卵量显著高于玉米叶片。综合评价玉米、 大豆、 棉花和向日葵是双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫期较理想的寄主植物, 在农田生态系中是该害虫选择危害的主要农作物。 相似文献
15.
44份大豆微核心种质抗菌核病鉴定与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大豆菌核病又称白腐病,是一种真菌性病害。主要由真菌 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary侵染,是世界范围的大豆病害,也是我国大豆主产区的主要病害。本研究利用不同地区和寄主来源的4个菌核病分离物对44份大豆微核心种质进行连续2年的田间接种鉴定,筛选抗/耐菌核病的大豆种质资源,为大豆抗菌核病育种提供优异抗性种质。结果表明,(1)不同大豆种质对菌核病的抗性不同,在44份微核心种质中,中抗种质6份(13.64%),中感种质27份(61.36%),感病种质9份(20.45%),高感I种质2份(4.55%),其中合丰24、大天鹅蛋、倪丁花眉豆、牛毛黄、大黄豆和五月黄6个中抗种质可作为抗性亲本用于大豆抗菌核病育种。(2)不同地区和寄主来源的4个菌核病分离物致病性不同,分离物黑西5(黑龙江省,大豆),病情指数49.32,病斑长度达到5.93 mm,致病性最强;黑饶24(黑龙江省,大豆)与Qin 24(青海省,油菜)致病性次之;Hef 50(安徽省,油菜),病情指数为39.02,病斑长度为3.65 mm,致病性最弱。用黑西5鉴定和筛选抗菌核病大豆种质最为有效。 相似文献
16.
山西省大豆孢囊线虫病调查协作组 《华北农学报》1987,(3)
由于大豆孢囊线虫病的危害,山西省大豆产量低而不稳.为了查清病情,由省农科院植保所和省农牧厅植保站主持,各地、市植保站参加,组成山西省大豆孢囊线虫病调查协作组,于1984—1986年先后调查了111个县、区的1681个乡、镇,共取土样2602个,基本查清了大豆孢囊线虫病的发生分布,为害程度和寄主范围.此病已在全省普遍发生,多数为轻病田,少数为重病田.寄主植物多达13种,其中以豆类为主.根据调查结果已编写出《山西省大豆孢囊线虫病发生分布,为害程度和寄主范围名录》,并绘制出《山西省大豆孢囊线虫病分布图》,为科研和防治工作提供了参考和依据. 相似文献
17.
Resistance to soybean cyst nematode and molecular polymorphism in various sources of Peking soybean 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Summary Cultivar Peking has been extensively used as a source of resistance to Race 3 and Race 5 of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines I., and Peking genes for resistance are present in a wide range of resistant soybean cultivars. Peking is also used as a host differential in the soybean cyst nematode race classification system. Thirteen Peking lines maintained in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection and in several breeding programs were surveyed using RFLP and RAPD markers for genetic characterization. Based on the molecular diversity combined with reaction to soybean cyst nematode, Peking genotypes from a common original source were identified. Peking lines PI 297543 (introduction from Hungary), and PI 438496A, PI 438496B and PI 438496C (introductions from Russia) represented unrelated germplasms. Identified molecular polymorphism can be used to validate the genetic purity of Peking lines used as host differentials for soybean cyst nematode classification system as well as utilization of an individual germplasm line in genetic-breeding programs. 相似文献
18.
重组型大豆花叶病毒(recombined soybean mosaic virus,SMV-R)是一种新SMV类型,在我国多个大豆产区广泛流行。本研究对一个重组型SMV河北分离物(HB-RS)进行全基因组测序,比较与非重组型SMV在侵染4个大豆品种后病毒浓度积累的差异。结果显示,除poly-A尾巴外,HB-RS(NCBI登录号为KR065437)由9993个核苷酸组成,包含一个开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),翻译后形成3202个氨基酸,系统进化分析结果显示HB-RS分离物与另外两个重组型SMV分离物聚在一组。抗性鉴定结果显示,4个品种对HB-RS和Sc6平均病情指数分别为59.5和60.5,相同大豆品种对不同的株系(分离物)可能呈现不同的症状和抗性表现,其中冀豆17对Sc6和HB-RS分别表现高抗和中抗,表明大豆对SMV的抗性存在一定的株系(分离物)专化性。此外,HB-RS在4个品种中的浓度积累均高于Sc6,在南农1138-2病毒浓度最高,达522 U,其次为五星1号(471 U)和冀黄13(199 U),最低为冀豆17,仅90 U。说明HB-RS在寄主体内更具有生存适应性,不同品种对SMV存在抗性差异。冀豆17可作为抗性品种和亲本进一步推广。 相似文献