共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Pullola T Vierimaa J Saari S Virtala AM Nikander S Sukura A 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,140(3-4):321-326
In this survey, the prevalence of canine gastrointestinal helminths in Finland was investigated by coprological examination (n = 541) and possible risk factors for helminth infections in dogs were analysed. In addition, the dog owners (n = 296) completed a questionnaire about use of anthelmintics, sources of information about parasites and antiparasitic treatments and reasons for choosing the drugs.
The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths was 5.9%. Eggs from four different species were identified in the faecal samples. Toxocara canis eggs were present in 17 dogs (3.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala eggs in 14 dogs (2.6%) and Diphyllobothrium latum eggs in 2 dogs (0.4%). Moreover, one sample contained eggs of Trichuris vulpis (0.2%). Kennel housing and visits abroad were identified as risk factors for T. canis and U. stenocephala infections.
Most dogs (86.0%) received anthelmintic treatment at least once a year. Hunting dogs were dewormed least; one-third was treated less than once a year. Approximately, half of the owners occasionally changed the anthelmintic used. The most important trait of the anthelmintic was its broad spectrum, fenbendazole being the most commonly chosen. Veterinarians, dog magazines and dog breeders were the predominant sources of information concerning parasites and deworming strategies. 相似文献
2.
The present study sought to elucidate whether Schistosoma japonicum eggs could survive a passage through dogs and chickens. Three dogs and three chickens were used for the experiment. The dogs were allowed to eat goat faeces containing 80 S. japonicum eggs per gram. The chickens were given 2 ml of water containing more than 100 S. japonicum eggs per ml. The hatchability of the eggs was 51.8% prior to administration. All faeces were collected for 3 days from the dogs and for 2 days from the chickens and egg excretion and hatchability were measured. The results showed that nearly 50% of the eggs administered to the dogs were recovered in the faeces during the first 2 days and during the first 25 h 39% of the recovered eggs were viable and able to hatch. In the chickens 9% of the administered eggs were recovered within 27 h and within the first 3.5 h after administration 19% of the recovered eggs were viable and able to hatch. The results suggest that both dogs and chickens may act as transport hosts for S. japonicum in endemic areas. 相似文献
3.
Nagy A Ziadinov I Schweiger A Schnyder M Deplazes P 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(11-12):503-511
Infections of dogs with Toxocara canis and Echinococcus multilocularis pose an infection-risk particularly for contact persons. We examined specimens of hair coat and faeces of 124 farm dogs, 118 household dogs, 49 kennel dogs, 15 puppies from two litters, and 46 red foxes. Microscopically identified eggs of Toxocara or taeniids were further investigated by species-specific PCRs. In farm dogs, eggs of E. multilocularis or T. canis were identified in each 2.4% of faecal samples, eggs of T. cati (gastrointestinal passage) in 7.3%, respectively. Household dogs excreted eggs of T. canis (0.8%) and of T. cati (2.5%). In kennel dogs, eggs of T. canis (4.1%), but not of T. cati were detectable. Coat samples contaminated with eggs of Toxocara spp. were found from farm dogs (5.6%), household dogs (1.7%) and kennel dogs (2.0%). Taeniid eggs were isolated from the coat samples from only two farm dogs (1.6%); a molecular species determination was not achieved. In six intrauterinely infected puppies, Toxocara-eggs were found in 17/38 samples taken within six weeks. No intact Toxocara eggs could be isolated from the coat of nine puppies from a second litter 13 days after deworming. Of the 46 red foxes investigated (dissection and faecal samples) 13 (28.3%) were infected with E. multilocularis and 20 (43.5%) with Toxocara. Eggs of taeniids and Toxocara were found in 13% (in three cases confirmed as E. multilocularis) and 21.7%, respectively, of the coat samples. None of the retrieved Toxocara eggs in the coat samples were embryonated. Thus, an infection of humans through the transmission of E. multilocularis eggs after direct contact with dogs or foxes is conceivable, whereas a corresponding infection risk by Toxocara eggs must be critically challenged. 相似文献
4.
The aim of the study was to assess whether the hair of stray and domestic dogs in Egypt was contaminated with the eggs of the zoonotic parasite Toxocara canis, and also to identify risk factors for T. canis for contamination. Paired samples of hair and feces were collected from 53 stray and 47 domestic dogs, and hair samples were obtained from a further 11 stray and 9 domestic dogs. All samples were examined to identify T. canis eggs and, if eggs were found, their maturation stage. Eggs were identified in 26.6% of stray and 10.7% of domestic dog's hair samples. A significantly increased risk of embryonated T. canis eggs in hair samples was found in stray dogs (p=0.04), stray dogs had 3.18 (95% CI: 1.04-9.74) times the odds of having T. canis eggs present compared with domestic dogs. There was also a significant difference (p=0.02) between the mean quantity of eggs per gram in stray (77.6±6.54) and domestic (48.7±6.65) dog's hair. Fecal examination found a T. canis egg prevalence of 35.8% and 21.3% in stray and domestic dogs, respectively. As no domestic dogs which were positive from hair samples had negative fecal samples, this indicates that the presence of T. canis eggs in hair is probably due to self contamination. Two stray dogs had positive hair samples but negative fecal samples indicating that contamination may also be environmental. As both non-embryonated and embryonated T. canis eggs were found in the hair of domestic dogs, direct contact with dogs may be a potential risk factor for transmission of T. canis eggs to humans. 相似文献
5.
【目的】 分析不同环境下鸡蛋外壳携带蜡样芽孢杆菌的情况和分离菌株的基本特征。【方法】 从养殖场和超市各采集9种新鲜鸡蛋,对鸡蛋表面携带的蜡样芽孢杆菌进行分离鉴定、基因分型、毒力基因筛查和耐药性分析。采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）技术对分离菌株进行初步鉴定,全基因组测序后进行菌种鉴定并确定基因分型、筛选毒力基因和耐药基因,同时采用微量肉汤稀释法测定分离株对头孢曲松、红霉素、万古霉素等12种抗菌药物的耐药性。【结果】 经MALDI-TOF MS初步鉴定和基因组菌种鉴定,确定从养殖场3种未经清洁加工的鲜蛋中分离出的6个菌株为蜡样芽孢杆菌,其序列分型（ST）较为多样,其中有2株新的ST型。在毒力基因筛查方面,6株蜡样芽孢杆菌均检出了非溶血型肠毒素nheB基因、腹泻型毒力因子hlyⅡ基因和侵袭免疫系统的inhA基因;nheA和nheC基因携带率为83.3%,编码溶血型肠毒素HBL的hblA、hblC和hblD基因携带率均为66.7%;cytK和hlyⅢ基因携带率分别为33.3%和50.0%;肠毒素基因BceT、entFM和致吐毒素基因ces均未检出。耐药性方面,6株菌均对庆大霉素、四环素、氯霉素、利福平、利奈唑胺和环丙沙星敏感,对氨苄西林、头孢曲松和泰妙菌素耐药;对红霉素、克林霉素的中介率分别为83.3%和100%;33.3%的菌株对万古霉素耐药。6株菌均携带有磷霉素耐药基因FosB和万古霉素耐药基因簇vanA的部分基因vanRSYZ,其中5株菌携带大环内酯类药物耐药基因mphL,部分菌株携带β-内酰胺类药物耐药基因或核苷类药物耐药基因。【结论】 本试验从养殖场未经消毒处理的鸡蛋外壳上成功分离到了蜡样芽孢杆菌,并发现其携带有多种毒力基因,存在多重耐药性,有潜在致病性和公共安全风险。 相似文献
6.
Toxocara canis, the common intestinal nematode of dogs and foxes, is the parasite responsible for human toxocarosis. It has recently been shown that dogs may harbour eggs of the parasite in their fur. To further investigate this claim a population of 100 stray dogs was examined to establish the prevalence and intensity of adult toxocaral worm infection in the intestines and eggs harboured in the hair. A novel method of washing the eggs from the hair was used. Sixty-seven percent of dogs were found to have T. canis eggs on their hair with a mean egg retrieval of nearly 584 eggs per gram from positive dogs. The age of the dog was found to be the only significant factor to influence the prevalence and intensity of eggs, with 95% of all the eggs recovered found on puppies. Thirty-nine percent of dogs were found to have adult T. canis worms in their intestine, although a significantly higher percentage of puppies (80%) were infected with worms than adults (22.5%). Puppies also had more worms per infection than adults and have a strong positive correlation between egg and worms numbers whereas adults did not. These studies show that stray dogs, particularly puppies, potentially harbour considerable numbers of eggs on their hair, at densities far higher than those reported in the soil or the general environment. 相似文献
7.
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Toxocara canis eggs on the coats of dogs (a potential etiological factor for human toxocariasis) and to see if there were mainly a dog breed and coat type effects for the presence of eggs on the coat. Hair samples were collected from the different breeds of 51 domestic pet dogs and examined for the presence of T. canis eggs. A total of 62 T. canis eggs (all viable) were found in 21.56% of the dogs. Forty-nine (79.03%) of the eggs recovered were unembryonated, 8 (12.90%) were embryonating, and 5 (8.06%) were embryonated. The maximum densities of the embryonating and embryonated eggs were 93 and 8.45 eggs per gram (epg) of hair, respectively. The number of eggs recovered was much higher than those previously reported for soil samples. Although the statistical analysis for all dogs in this study showed that there were no breed (P>0.4), coat type (P>0.8), sex (P>0.1), age group (P>0.1) and hair length (P>0.3) effects for the presence of T. canis eggs per gram of hair, the majority of dogs (82%) with T. canis eggs in their coats were breeds that had double coats with thick undercoats suggesting that the coat characteristic may play a role for providing a suitable environment for the development of T. canis eggs. Also 82% of infected dogs were under 1 year of age indicating that the age of dog is a very important risk factor. The present study indicates that direct contact with T. canis infected dogs may be a potential etiological factor for human toxocariasis. 相似文献
8.
Sandberg M Bergsjø B Hofshagen M Skjerve E Kruse H 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2002,55(4):86-253
Rectal swabs from healthy cats and dogs, and from dogs and cats with clinical diarrhoea were collected approximately every third month from May 2000 to June 2001 from six small-animal practices throughout Norway. A questionnaire was filled in for each animal. Of the 301 healthy cats sampled, 54 (18%) were positive for Campylobacter, compared to 5 out of 31 (16%) cats with diarrhoea. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 11 (3%), C. upsaliensis from 42 (13%) and C. coli from 2 (0.6%) of the cats sampled. Isolates from four cats (1%) could not be specified. Of the 529 healthy dogs, 124 (23%) were positive for Campylobacter, compared to 18 of 66 (27%) dogs with diarrhoea. C. jejuni was isolated from 20 (3%) and C. upsaliensis from 117 (20%) of the dogs sampled. Isolates from five dogs (0.8%) could not be specified. Eighteen out of the 20 investigated C. upsaliensis samples were resistant to streptomycin. The clinically healthy animals were included in the analysis to identify factors associated with Campylobacter prevalence. The cat model had low classification ability. The dog-data model indicated increased odds of infection with Campylobacter for dogs ≤1 year, and in dogs sampled during the spring. No difference was observed between the prevalence of Campylobacter infections in cats and dogs with diarrhoea and healthy animals. 相似文献
9.
石河子地区宠物犬蜱的种类鉴定及其携带布鲁氏菌的检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解新疆石河子地区宠物犬体表寄生蜱的种类及蜱携带布鲁氏菌情况,本试验在形态学分类的基础上,基于线粒体基因12S rRNA和细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ（COⅠ）对宠物犬体表采集寄生蜱进行分子生物学检测,使用DNAMAN软件比对分析序列同源性,并应用序列分析软件Mega 7.0邻接法构建蜱种系统发育进化树,分析蜱种的遗传进化关系;基于布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白Omp22基因对宠物犬体表寄生蜱进行布鲁氏菌PCR检测,确定宠物犬蜱布鲁氏菌携带情况。结果显示,宠物犬体表寄生的436只蜱的形态学与线粒体基因（12S rRNA和COⅠ）分子生物学鉴定结果一致,均为新疆优势蜱种之一——图兰扇头蜱（Rhipicephalus turanicus）。基于12S rRNA基因构建的蜱种系统发育树显示,本试验所得宠物犬体表寄生图兰扇头蜱序列与GenBank中已知图兰扇头蜱的序列聚为一大支。基于布鲁氏菌Omp22基因的巢式PCR扩增结果显示,宠物犬体表寄生图兰扇头蜱携带布鲁氏菌的阳性率为4.82%（21/436）,且同源性为100%。BLAST比对显示,本试验所得宠物犬图兰扇头蜱携带的布鲁氏菌与新疆流行株YC31（GenBank登录号：MK201679.1）、QH5（GenBank登录号：MK201678.1）、EM3（GenBank登录号：MK201677.1）和ML9（GenBank登录号：MK201676.1）的同源性均为100%。本研究通过形态学及分子生物学探讨了新疆石河子地区宠物犬体表寄生蜱的种类及携带布鲁氏菌基本情况,为宠物犬体表寄生蜱的种类及蜱传疾病的监测和控制等研究工作提供了基础资料。 相似文献
10.
Sommerfelt IE Cardillo N López C Ribicich M Gallo C Franco A 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,140(3-4):296-301
Toxocarosis is a worldwide parasitic infection that affects both cats and dogs. Toxocara cati (Schrank, 1788) syn.Toxocara mystax (Zeder, 1800) prevalence was studied in faeces from stray cats collected from the open spaces of public institutions of Buenos Aires city, both building and surrounding open spaces are fenced off. Of the 465 samples obtained from March to June of 2005, 58.3% were found to have parasite eggs. The following parasites were identified from the 271 positive samples: T. cati (61.2%), Cystoisospora spp. (20.3%), Trichuris spp. (17.0%), Toxascaris leonina (15.1%), Ancylostoma spp. (14%) and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (2.6%). T. cati prevalence was 35.7% (95% confidence interval: 31.2–40.1), with a 42.2% single isolations. The most frequent combination was T. cati and Cystoisospora spp. (9%). More than half the areas studied showed over 40% prevalence. Seventy-one percent of the collected samples were fresh with a variable moist consistency and 29% were older with a dry consistency. A statistically significant association was found between sample consistency and presence of parasites (χ2 = 10.81; p = 0.001) as also between sample consistency and presence of T. cati (χ2 = 11.27; p = 0.0007). Moist consistencies were significantly different from the rest: consistency (wet or dry) versus parasites (z = 1.95; p = 0.02) (95% confidence interval: 0.004–0.203); consistency (wet or dry) versus T. cati (z = 3.25; p = 0.0006) (95% confidence interval: 0.075–0.254). The cat population that inhabits these public green spaces contaminates the environment, thus transforming them into dangerous spaces with a variable rate for the human population that spends time in these places. 相似文献
11.
为了解江苏省规模化猪场蠕虫的感染情况，笔者从徐州、泰州、宿迁、盐城、扬州和南通6个地区的12个规模化养猪场随机采集937份粪便样品，采用离心沉淀法、饱和氯化钠漂浮法和饱和硫酸镁漂浮法对粪便样品进行了检查。结果显示，在12个养殖场均发现寄生虫感染，粪便样品中蠕虫虫卵的检出率为7.6%。徐州地区的两个猪场感染率最高，合计达20.7%；泰州地区的两个猪场感染率最低，仅有1.7%。宿迁、盐城、扬州和南通地区的调查猪场感染率分别为6.5%、8.2%、5.4%和5.4%。调查显示，感染虫种包括蛔虫、鞭虫、后圆线虫、食道口线虫和类圆线虫，其中蛔虫和食道口线虫的感染率较高，分别为5.2%和3.6%。徐州、宿迁、盐城、扬州和南通5个地区的猪场内存在蛔虫和鞭虫、蛔虫和食道口线虫，以及蛔虫和后圆线虫混合感染的情况。经比较发现，妊娠母猪和哺乳母猪的肠道寄生虫感染率高于其他生产阶段，仔猪感染率最低。检查中未见绦虫、吸虫和棘头虫等虫卵。本研究结果表明，江苏地区的规模化猪场普遍存在线虫感染的情况，蛔虫、食道口线虫和鞭虫感染强度较高，定期驱虫有助于规模化猪场线虫病的防控。 相似文献
12.
A high proportion of dogs suffer from respiratory disease when they are placed in kennels for vacation or re-homing. The role of Mycoplasma cynos as an initiating agent in canine infectious respiratory disease was investigated by examining the serological response of dogs to this organism at the time of entry into a large re-homing kennel. Forty-two paired serum samples from dogs (21-day interval) were examined for antibody to M. cynos using Western blotting. The development of antibody in the serum was related to clinical disease recorded over the same period. Sixty seven per cent of the dogs showed a two-fold or greater rise in antibody to M. cynos during the first 3 weeks in the kennel. Reactivity with a 45 kDa antigen was dominant. Of those showing a positive serological reaction, 80% had recorded clinical respiratory disease while 20% remained healthy. The findings of this study show that an antibody response to M. cynos is common in dogs entering the re-homing kennel and is positively related to the development of clinical respiratory disease. 相似文献
13.
Morgan ER Tomlinson A Hunter S Nichols T Roberts E Fox MT Taylor MA 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,154(1-2):48-57
The nematode parasite Angiostrongylus vasorum is a source of increasing concern in several parts of the world, where it causes significant disease in dogs. Wild canids, especially foxes, are likely to have a role in the epidemiology of canine infection, and the parasite could also affect fox health and population dynamics. The heart and pulmonary vasculature of 546 foxes culled mostly by gamekeepers in Great Britain in 2005–2006 were examined by dissection and a modified flushing technique. Forty foxes were found to be infected, giving an overall prevalence in the UK fox population of 7.3% (5.3–9.9). Prevalence varied widely between regions, from 0% (0–3) in Scotland and northern England to 23% (16–32) in south-east England. This closely matches the perceived incidence of disease in dogs, which is commonly diagnosed in the south-east but rarely in the north. In the Midlands, where disease has recently appeared in dogs, prevalence in foxes was 4.8% (2–11). Close geographical overlap of parasite distribution in foxes and dogs does not necessarily indicate an important wildlife reservoir of infection, but does suggest that A. vasorum might be spreading northwards. The hearts of infected foxes had thicker right ventricles than those of uninfected foxes, suggesting that the parasite could affect fox health and fitness. Burdens ranged from 1 to 59 adult nematodes. Sex, age and body condition were not significantly associated with infection. Eucoleus aerophilus and Crenosoma vulpis, nematode parasites of the respiratory system, were found in 213 and 11 foxes respectively, with slightly higher prevalence of E. aerophilus in the south and east. No specimens of the heartworm Dirofilaria immitis were found, giving an upper 95% confidence interval for prevalence of 0.84%. 相似文献
14.
E. P rez A. Kummeling M. M. H. Janssen C. Jim nez R. Alvarado M. Caballero P. Donado R. H. Dwinger 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1998,33(1-4):195-205
A case-control study of calves under 3 months of age was carried out by weekly visits to 15 farms in the canton of Tilarán, Costa Rica. Most farms were dedicated to beef or dual-purpose (DP) production. Faecal samples were collected over a 6-month period from a total of 194 calves with clinical signs and from 186 animals without clinical signs of diarrhoea as assessed by a scoring system. The samples were investigated for the presence of viruses, bacteria and parasites. Torovirus was detected for the first time in Costa Rica and was present in 14% of calves with diarrhoea and in 6% of the controls. Coronavirus and Rotavirus were less frequently encountered in either one of the groups (in 9 and 7% of scouring calves and in 1 and 2% of controls, respectively). Escherichia coli was detected in 94% of all the faecal samples, but isolates from only three samples from calves with diarrhoea contained the K99 antigen. Similarly, Salmonella was found only in scouring calves. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in animals with signs of diarrhoea, while other coccidia oocysts, Strongylida and Strongyloides eggs were frequently found in animals both with and without diarrhoea. A conditional logistic regression (CLR) analysis to compare healthy and scouring calves showed a significant difference with regard to the presence of Torovirus, Rotavirus and Coronavirus. 相似文献
15.
Sherifi K Rexhepi A Hamidi A Behluli B Zessin KH Mathis A Deplazes P 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(11-12):518-521
A survey was carried out to assess the occurrence of canine echinococcosis in naturally infected dogs in Kosovo. Using the flotation-ovassay technique, taeniid eggs were found in 23 (7.5%) out of a total of 305 dogs. Eggs from other helminths were detected as well: hookworms 139 (45.5%), Trichuris sp. 87 (28.5%), Toxocara sp. 42 (13.7%), Toxascaris leonina 21 (6.8%) and Dipylidium caninum eight (2.6%). From 21 of the 305 samples (6.9%), taeniids eggs could be collected. Using PCR primers specific for Echinococcus granulosus ("sheep strain", G1), four of these samples (1.3%) resulted positive. The E. granulosus isolates originated from each one stray dog, hunting dog, sheepdog and pet dog. A semi-quantitative analysis showed low to moderate egg counts (2-10 per 1 g faeces) in dogs positive for E. granulosus ("sheep strain", G1) whereas specimens with high (11-20) or very high numbers (> 20) of taeniid eggs were negative in the E. granulosus PCR. Using specific primers for the detection of E. multilocularis, all samples containing taeniid eggs were negative. This is the first report on identification of E. granulosus in dogs from Kosovo where human cystic echinococcosis is a significant medical problem. 相似文献
16.
Palmer CS Traub RJ Robertson ID Devlin G Rees R Thompson RC 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,154(1-2):142-147
In a recent study of intestinal parasites in dogs and cats in Australia, Giardia was found to be the most prevalent parasite in dogs. The aim of the current study through the use of molecular tools was to determine the zoonotic significance of the Giardia and Cryptosporidium isolates recovered from dogs and cats during the Australian study. Of the isolates successfully amplified all but one of the Giardia from dogs was either Assemblage C and/or D, with one Assemblage A. Of the cat samples amplified all but one were Assemblage F, with one Assemblage D. We hypothesize that the lack of zoonotic Giardia Assemblages recovered is a result of their being a low prevalence of Giardia in the human population. The Cryptosporidium recovered from dogs and cats was determined to be C. canis and C. felis, respectively, a finding which supports growing evidence that Cryptosporidiumin companion animals is of limited public health significance to healthy people. 相似文献
17.
Trapp SM Dagnone AS Vidotto O Freire RL Amude AM de Morais HS 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,140(3-4):223-230
Canine ehrlichiosis and babesiosis have a worldwide distribution with geographic variation in prevalence and main clinical manifestations. We prospectively determined seroprevalence of canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, and risk factors for seropositivity. Three hundred and eighty-one dogs were randomly selected to represent the canine population at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in south Brazil (latitude 23° S). Dogs were tested with a point-of-care ELISA for Ehrlichia canis antibodies and IFA to confirm previous exposure to Babesia vogeli. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals. One hundred and thirty-six (36%) dogs were seropositive for B. vogeli antibodies, whereas 87 (23%) dogs were seropositive to E. canis antibodies. Fifty-four (14%) dogs seroreacted to both agents. Adult dogs previously infested with ticks were more likely to seroreact to B. vogeli or E. canis. Superficial bleeding (OR = 12.4) was more common in dogs exposed to B. vogeli, whereas neurological signs (OR = 7.7) were more common in dogs seropositive to E. canis. Neurological signs (OR = 12.0) and lameness (OR = 12.8) were more prevalent in dogs that seroreacted to both organisms. Owners of dogs with ticks were more likely to have been exposed to ticks themselves (OR = 3.2). Canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis appear to be highly prevalent in this hospital population. Clinical signs differed from the most common signs in other regions with bleeding occurring more in dogs seropositive to babesiosis, but not ehrlichiosis; neurologic signs in dogs with E. canis antibodies; and lameness in dogs that seroreacted to both organisms. 相似文献
18.
W. L. Shoop C. H. Eary B. F. Michael H. W. Haines R. L. Seward 《Veterinary parasitology》1991,40(3-4):339-341
Paraherquamide, an oxindole alkaloid metabolite of Penicillium paraherquei and Penicillium charlesii, was tested against the common gastrointestinal nematodes of dogs at a single oral dosage of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg kg−1. Efficacy was poor (less than 85%) against Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis, and Strongyloides stercoralis at the low- and mid-dosage levels. At the high dosage level, good efficacy (91%) was observed only against S. stercoralis. Adverse reactions were observed in all dogs at every dosage level and included depression, ataxia, and protrusion of the nictitating membrane. 相似文献
19.
Training and racing constitute serious challenges for working sled dogs. Attainment of the highest levels of stamina and speed are possible only by completely healthy dogs. Infections with nematodes as whipworm Trichuris sp. or hookworms Uncinaria/Ancylostoma can significantly reduce the fitness of working dogs leading to anemia or even to death. In the middle of the racing season, between December 2009 and April 2010, 108 individual fecal samples were collected from 25 sled dog kennels situated in different regions of Poland. Saturated salt flotation was performed for helminth egg detection. The immunofluorescent assay MeriFluor Cryptosporidium/Giardia and nested PCRs on 18S rRNA (Cryptosporidium spp.) and TPI gene (Giardia spp.) were carried out for detection of intestinal protozoa. Overall prevalence of 6 species of intestinal parasites was 68% in sled dogs (73/108). In 51 samples the eggs of a single species of helminth were detected (47%), two nematode species were detected in 13%, three species of nematodes were found in two dogs. The most prevalent helminths were the hookworms Uncinaria/Ancylostoma-identified in 36% of kennels, and in 34% of sled dogs. Toxocara eggs were detected in 36% of kennels, in 17% of dogs. Trichuris sp. eggs were found in 20% of kennels (5/25), in 13% of dogs. Cysts/oocysts of intestinal protozoa were detected in 31% of sled dogs. The most prevalent was Giardia spp. infection-in 54% of kennels [13/24], in 28% of dogs. Cryptosporidium spp. infections were identified in 37.5% of kennels [9/24], in 13% of dogs. Two sequenced Giardia isolates presented 100% homology with G. intestinalis Assemblage C isolate (AY228641.1), specific for dogs. A range of factors was shown to affect the prevalence of intestinal parasites in sled dogs. The highest prevalence of parasites was found among dogs from large kennels (housing >3 dogs), in dogs less than 2 years old, and in kennels, where prophylactic treatment was carried out 1-4 times a year. The present study has demonstrated a high prevalence of intestinal parasites in working sled dogs in Poland, including the zoonotic human pathogens Toxocara or Cryptosporidium. 相似文献
20.
In order to study the occurrence and co-infection of different species of Campylobacter, enteric Helicobacter and Anaerobiospirillum in dogs and cats and define a possible association between these microrganisms and gastrointestinal disorders, 190 dogs and 84 cats, either healthy or with diarrhea, were sampled between 2002 and 2003. Thirty-three C. upsaliensis, 17 C. jejuni, 2 C. helveticus, 1 C. lari isolates from dogs and 14 C. helveticus, 7 C. jejuni, 6 C. upsaliensis isolates from cats were identified using species-specific PCR and phenotypic tests. Whole cell protein profile analysis, phenotypic tests, PCR-RFLP of gyrB and a phylogenetic study of partial groEL and 16S rRNA sequences were used to identify 37 H. bilis, 22 H. canis and 14 H. cinaedi in dogs and 12 H. canis, 5 H. bilis and 2 H. cinaedi in cats. Whole cell protein profile analysis, phenotypic tests and species-specific PCR of 16S rRNA were used to identify 14 A. succiniciproducens, 12 A. thomasii isolates and one unidentified Anaerobiospirillum sp. isolate in dogs and 3 A. thomasii isolates in cats. Fifty-two animals (19%) were positive for the isolation of more than one genus. No significant statistical correlation was found between any isolates of Campylobacter, Helicobacter or Anaerobiospirillum spp. or the various co-infection rates, and the presence of diarrhea in either dogs or cats. Campylobacter isolates were also tested for antibiotic resistance using the agar dilution method. 相似文献