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1.
CHEN Shu Wang 《保鲜与加工》2002,(1):23-28
A one-dimensional contamination diffusion model for tunnel fire is presented. Based on this model, a highway tunnel fire within a short time course was simulated and analyzed. Compared to the test results, the simulation result demonstrates that the model is feasible. In the end, it suggests a formula for highway tunnel fire contamination. The author hopes that this analysis will be available as the foundation of highway tunnel fire control. 相似文献
2.
The thermal radiation is the main factor affecting internal thermal flow field in a tunnel. This paper studies on two open ends of a channel inclined with angles of 10°, 20° and 30° by experiments and numerical simulations. The experimental data agree well with the predicted results by using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to solve N-S equations driven by the buoyancy flow. And the influence of thermal radiation on thermal flow field of tunnel with inclination angles from 10° to 30° at same heat source is obtained by comparing the experiment results and numerical resolutions of coupled with radiation model and without radiation model. Thermal radiation makes temperature near the upper wall of tunnel drop, and the influence of thermal radiation on bottom end of tunnel declines with the inclination angle increasing. However, the inclination angle has a little effect on temperature near the ceiling of the top end of tunnel. Simultaneously, the higher temperature zone leaning to the top end due to the thermal radiation is obtained, and the temperature at the bottom of the upper part of the tunnel increases. The findings of the study are important references for theory research of thermal flow field in inclined tunnels. 相似文献
3.
The calculation of constant pressure values for relief valves in the fire suppression systems of high-rise buildings usually is based on the working pressure of pipe systems by experience.However,this method only is applied in the condition that the relief valves are installed on the effluent pipes of pumps.In order to confirm the proper constant pressure values of relief valves in fire suppression systems,a formula is deduced using hydraulics theory.The applications of the formula in fire suppression systems are also discussed.The constant pressure values for relief valves are directly related to three factors,namely,the flux and pressure of the fire pump,the located height of the relief valves,and the head loss of flux from the pump exit to the inlets of the relief valves.It is necessary to analyze the working condition of fire suppression systems and to be certain of the permissive pressure range for overpressure. 相似文献
4.
According to the volatile combustion, the mathematical and physical models on the volatilization combustion of coal field fire area are established. The governing equations are analyzed by analytic method. The parameters such as volatilization combustion speed, the content of volatile component and the flame temperature are obtained at relatively high temperature environment. According to the solutions, the flame temperature of the volatilization combustion is calculated by the heat insulation temperature in the light of the low-heat value of the volatile component. Due to the free or forced convection in the actual fire area, the true temperature would be lower than the calculation. Through experiment, heating process takes the greatest impact on the heating surface but least on inner parts. The temperature is increased and the heating surface temperature will exceed the temperature and continue increasing, which indicates that the coal begins oxidation. While the airflow is increased, the temperature will be slightly increased. The temperature is descent more slightly in the coal temperature because of thermal radiation. 相似文献
5.
Based on the determined stress-strain relationship of steel and concrete after fire, a temperature field and mechanical model of bar-reinforced concrete-filled square steel tubular columns after fire was set up with using ABAQUS, and the model has been validated by testing results. Then this paper analyzed the side of section, bar ratio, fire duration time, steel ratio and material strength parameters on the bearing capacity of bar-reinforced concrete-filled square steel tubular columns after fire. It is found that fire duration time and side of section is the dominant factor. Lastly this paper puts forward a theoretical formula of bearing capacity of bar-reinforced concrete-filled square steel tubular columns after fire, for the post-disaster restoration and provides references for the reinforcement. 相似文献
6.
Indoor fires are quite dangerous,claiming many casualties and resulting in great property loss.Using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),a three-dimensional large eddy simulation model of smoke flow is set up.Through the simulation of smoke flow,the theoretical basis is provided for controlling a fire in multiple rooms,thereby saving people.The results of simulation show that high temperatures and thick smoke exist near the fire,and the probability of combusting other tinder will increase.Moreover,there are close relationships between fire and ventilation.The latter can lower the average temperature and speed up the spread of smoke flow and toxic gases,providing conditions for the further development of indoor fire.Moreover,from both the simulated calculation and physical measurement,it is shown that indoor fires and their temperature distribution and smoke concentration are influenced by the fire power and the room size.The results from calculation and measurement are quite consistent. 相似文献
7.
1/20 scale model test and full scale field test were carried out to study the critical velocity for fire ventilation in horizontal tunnels. Combined with the test results, small scale test results by Jae and full scale test and simulation by Hu, a semi empirical model was developed to predict the longitudinal critical velocity for tunnel fire ventilation. Compared with the predictions of the proposed model and other models using air as fire source, it was found that the predictions by Wu and Barker was underestimates. 相似文献
8.
Aiming at the status quote of long time for methane extraction and slow speed for laneway excavating in coal seams of Liziya south 2JHJ well, abrasive water jet slotting technology is adopted to improve the methane desorption and increase excavating speed in semi-coal laneway. Through analyzing damage model and protection against outburst mechanism, the process of Coal-Rock Mass being cut and fractured is studied. Through lab test on abrasive water jet cutting coal-bed gangue, a new abrasive water jet cutting device is successfully designed and made and all parameters are determined. It is showed that abrasive water jet can cut through a coal-bed gangue with thickness 60~80 mm and uniaxial compressive strength 62 MPa. After cutting coal seams by abrasive water jet, the surface area for methane is enlarged and then coal seams pressure fell rapidly. Therefore the permeability and desorption of coal seams are greatly increased. The results are as follows: the average productivity of single-hole was enhanced by 2.83 times. 相似文献
9.
Based on the characteristics of spatial structure of residential units, the effect of building space construction on temperature raise and hot smoke flow in residential fire was analyzed on building model with simulating multiple floors and rooms. The raise and distribution of temperature indoors were mainly tested under varied location of fire sources. And, the rule of smoke flow was discussed by using the law of temperature raise, indirectly. The results indicate that the mode of smoke flows is influenced by three spatial factors which include the form of junction terminal room construction; the height of down stand above the door and the relative locations of each room. The diffusion of hot smoke is prevented effectively by the down stand of the room; the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor should be higher than that of the room without down stand. When the open direction of door in non fire room is opposite to that of the door in fire room, there is much more hot smoke. 相似文献
10.
选用自配阻燃剂和FRW阻燃剂处理杨木单板,探讨不同种类阻燃剂、浸渍时间、浸渍浓度、热压温度对胶合板载药量、胶合强度以及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明：选用自配阻燃剂时,载药量1.4322%~13.4726%,氧指数36.6%~89.9%,胶合强度0.131~0.798 MPa;选用FRW阻燃剂时,杨木阻燃胶合板的载药量1.5449%~14.7724%,氧指数45.3%~70.5%,胶合强度0.233~0.698 MPa。经过自配和FRW阻燃剂处理后,杨木胶合板的阻燃性能均得到明显改善,其中氧指数远大于日本JISD1322-77 中的难燃一级品的要求,但是其胶合性能显著下降。 相似文献
11.
Fiber Reinforced Polymer or Plastic (FRP) materials have been used widely in civil engineering over the last 10 years or so. FRP materials have poor fire resistance, however. We analyzed recent research on the fire resistance (high temperature) behaviour of FRP materials, including thermal properties, mechanical properties (strength and stiffness), bonding properties at elevated temperatures, and the burning properties of FRP materials (ignition and flame spread, smoke generation and toxicity). We conclude with the existing problems in the fire behavior of FRP materials and propose suggestions for further research. 相似文献
12.
利用2009/2010、2010/2011和2011/2012西藏林区防火期（11月—翌年4月）气象观测资料和T639数值预报资料,基于人工神经网络BP算法,建立了西藏林区森林火险等级1~7天预报模型,历史拟合率超过85%;通过对2012/2013防火期间的森林火险等级试报检验结果表明,前3天的平均绝对误差不超过0.5级,7天的平均绝对误差不超过0.6级;与直接利用数值预报模式气象要素预报结果相比,有效地纠正了数值模式要素预报的系统偏差,表明模型预报效果良好。该模型的建立提高了对西藏高原森林火险等级的预报准确性,为森林火险防御和消防调度提供了参考。 相似文献
13.
在前人的研究基础上,利用多个试验的结果,论证了铃期日均温、日最高温度、相对湿度是影响纤维比强度的关键因子,明确了品种遗传因子在最终的纤维比强度形成中所起的决定作用。参考了前人的比强度是多个棉纤维品质指标中受环境影响变异性最大的指标的研究结论,提出了比强度多因素气象生态模型多个模型形式。利用试验结果进行模型的拟合并进行了模型检验,确定了最高温度和相对湿度交互作用的模型为最佳的比强度模型。模型的形式为： , 。模拟值与观测值1：1直方图符合度好,MRSE为1.0282 cN/tex,证明了模型具有较好的预测性和较高的精度。 相似文献
14.
为建立蓖麻籽直筒式压榨侧向压力系数的理论公式,以便于合理地确定直筒式压榨机的榨筒参数,通过进行蓖麻籽直筒式单轴压榨试验,获取蓖麻籽压榨坯密度、侧向应力和轴向应力。试验建立的压榨坯密度与轴向应力的关系曲线和金属粉体压制曲线近似,由此利用金属粉体压制公式进行数据拟合,同时利用试验数据建立了侧向压力系数与轴向应力关系曲线。理论公式计算值与试验实测值的最大相对误差为24.74%,平均误差7.56%,证明了基于压榨塑性模型推导过程建立的侧向压力系数理论模型能较好地描述蓖麻籽侧向压力系数变化。 相似文献
15.
基于逐步回归与BP神经网络的日光温室温湿度预测模型对比分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为构建较准确的日光温室温湿度预测模型,于2011-2013年冬季(1月、2月、12月)天津市宝坻区开展温室内外环境监测试验,并建立3种天气类型(晴、多云、阴)下3个时段(0-8时、8-17时、17-23时)逐步回归与BP神经网络温室内温湿度预测模型。结果表明:1)温室内气温逐步回归模型9种情况下模拟值与实际值的绝对误差小于3℃的平均准确率Rate(≤3℃)为88%,平均均方根误差(RMSE)为2℃;BP神经网络模型9种情况下模拟值与实际值的绝对误差小于3℃的平均准确率Rate(≤3℃)为94%,平均均方根误差(RMSE)为1.6℃。应用BP神经网络建立的气温预测模型相对更为准确稳定。2) 相对湿度逐步回归模型9种情况下模拟值与实际值的绝对误差小于6%的平均准确率Rate(≤6%)为81%,平均均方根误差(RMSE)为5.7%;BP神经网络模型9种情况下模拟值与实际值的绝对误差小于6%的平均准确率Rate(≤6%)为80%,平均均方根误差(RMSE)为6.7%。两类模型均不适宜预测8-17时日光温室相对湿度,而17-23时与0-8时应用逐步回归建立的湿度预测模型相对更准确稳定。 相似文献
16.
四川省林火的时空分布特征及其气候背景分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用四川省遥感监测林火资料、四川省气象资料和MODIS卫星云量资料,分析了四川省林火发生的时空变化特征及其气候背景。结果表明,2—4 月是四川林火的高发季节,高发区域主要位于川西高原的甘孜州南部、凉山州和攀枝花市境内。对四川气温和降水的分析表明,2—4 月上述区域是四川省气温最高、降水最少的区域。此外,这些区域前冬持续少雨干燥的气候特点也有利于2—4 月林火的频发。从5 月开始,随着雨季的到来,林火显著减少。卫星观测的云量表明,这些区域的高温少雨与该地区云量最少有关。由于川西高原气温的日较差大,与平均气温相比,最高气温的空间分布对林火分布更加有指标意义。 相似文献
17.
Based on the characteristics of spatial structure of residential units, the law of indoor hot smoke flow was investigated by experimental research on a platform model with multiple floors and rooms in a residential building. Three factors exerting influence on hot smoke flow in residential construction were mainly analyzed, including the relationship between the height of space and the area of single room, the size of doorway opening, and the hub space. Based on basic concepts of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, the geometric relational model of the height of space and the area of single room impacted on filling speed of hot smoke in room was presented by conservation of mass. Moreover, under the influence of hot smoke flow, the formula of doorway opening size was developed by conservation of momentum. The results show that the fire safety of residential building should take full account of the impact of spatial structural. The indoor temperature distribution and hot smoke flow path will be controlled effectively by the design of single room size and room connectivity. 相似文献
18.
When a fire happens at the subway platform, the downward ventilation at the staircase which connects the hall and platform can prevent smoke spreading into the hall and provides guiding air for evacuation people. To investigate the influence of the ventilation rate on the smoke movement, the air velocity at the staircase was measured under three ventilation modes. Numerical model was established to simulate the real fire scenario. It is shown that the downward air velocity under fire is greater than that without fire, and the traditional design procedure without considering complex factors interaction in real fire scenario should be improved; when fire is near the staircase, smoke easily spills from the smoke screen to the concourse. And smoke concentration of concourse is even higher than that of platform because the hall is under air supply mode; when the fire locates at the public area of the platform, turning on the tunnel fans can increase the downside flow at the staircase. However exceeding high flow can produce disturbance and destroy the smoke stratification, so more area will be filled with smoke. Therefore, reasonable smoke management scheme is as important as smoke exhausting system capability. 相似文献
19.
Soil temperature prediction model around the subway metro tunnels is constructed with the consideration of coupled heat transfer between range temperature and surrounding soil. Finite difference method is adopted for numerical solution of the model, and the solving results in certain conditions are compared to validate the analytical solution. The high-frequency thermal disturbance brought by train operation is simplified into three different forms, and the predictive model of soil temperature is used to calculate the corresponding soil temperature response. It is indicated that temperature fluctuations of range air and the wall are accompanied with high-frequency thermal disturbance, but the impact on soil temperature distribution inside is limited. 相似文献