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1.
Field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of phosphorus (P) and beneficial microorganism (BM) on the yield and yield components wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Siren-2010). The experiment was conducted under full (five irrigations) and limited (two) irrigation conditions at the Research Farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar during winter 2012–13. The experiment under both full and limited irrigated conditions was laid out in randomized complete block design using three replications. The results showed that irrigated plots produced more spikes m?2 (254), grains spike?1 (55.5), heavier thousand grains weight (39.4 g), and higher grain yield (3612 kg ha?1 than limited irrigated condition. Application of P at the highest rate (90 kg P ha?1) produced more spikes m?2 (260) and grains spike?1 (52.4), and increased maximum thousand grain weight (39.1 g) and grain yield (3617 kg ha?1). Application of BM at the highest rate (30 L ha?1) resulted in maximum number of spikes m?2 (257) and grains spike?1(51.7), highest thousand grains weight (39.1 g) and grain yield (3765 kg ha?1). The results confirmed that under full irrigated condition the increase in both P and BM levels (90 kg P ha?1 and 30 L ha?1, respectively) and under limited irrigated condition the intermediate levels of both P and BM (60 kg P ha?1 and 20 L ha?1, respectively) could increase wheat productivity under semi-arid conditions.  相似文献   

2.
A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons between 2004 and 2006 to assess the role of balanced fertilization and bioregulators (foliar-applied brassinosteroid 0.5 mg I?1, thiourea 1000 mg I?1 and kinetin 10 mg I?1) in enhancing the productivity of wheat. Conjoint application of NPKSZn (120 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 30 kg K2O, 40 kg S, 5.5 kg Zn ha?1) recorded maximum improvements in yield attributes and significantly out-yielded all the fertilization treatments with 14.90, 4.97 and 6.39% increments in grain yield compared with NPK, NPKS and NPKZn treatments, respectively. Nutrient (N, P, K, S, Zn) content and uptake were also improved significantly with balanced fertilization. Among the bioregulators, application of 0.50 mg I?1 brassinosteroid recorded maximum increments in grain yield (14.10%), followed by 10 mg I?1 kinetin (12.31%) and 1000 mg I?1 thiourea (9.92%), over control (4.99 t ha?1). Bioregulators significantly enhanced the uptake of nutrients (N, P, K, S, Zn) over control. NPKSZn treatment also gave the maximum net return (Rs. 51,209 ha?1). Among the bioregulators, brassinosteroid provided the maximum net return (Rs. 47,292 ha?1) and benefit:cost (B:C) ratio (3.37) followed by thiourea (Rs. 45,500 ha?1 and 3.35). Kinetin also provided yield advantage, however, it gave a significantly reduced B:C ratio compared with control.  相似文献   

3.
Apparent utilization of zinc (Zn) and potassium (K) fertilizers was examined in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using combinations of no K; soil applied K levels and no Zn; soil and foliar applied Zn. Application of 33.2 kg K ha?1 in rice and 24.9 kg K ha?1 in wheat along with foliar spray of 2 kg Zn ha?1 at 30 and 60 days gave the highest mean grain yields. Foliar application of zinc increased Zn concentration in flag leaves, grain, and straw of rice and wheat and K concentration in flag leaves of rice and straw of wheat significantly. Potassium application increased Zn concentration in rice grain and straw and K concentration in wheat straw significantly. Zinc and K increased the uptake of each other in grain; straw and total uptake by both crops significantly. Zinc fertilizer enhanced the utilization of soil K. Potassium fertilizer enhanced the utilization of applied Zn.  相似文献   

4.
Field experiments were conducted in 2002–03 and 2003–04 growing seasons to determine wheat response to four irrigation regimes applied at different growth stages and four nitrogen levels of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg nitrogen (N) ha?1. The experiment was conducted at the research area of the Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Recommended wheat variety “Inqlab-91” was used as the experimental crop. Both irrigation and nitrogen application have positive effects on grain yield increase. The grain crude protein decreased with increasing number of irrigations whereas in contrast, nitrogen application significantly improved grain crude protein at all irrigation levels. Grain phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) percentage increased with the application of irrigation and nitrogen. Grain yield, number of spikes m?2, grains spike?1 and grain weight responses were greater at the higher N rates. Mean grain yield in four, three and two irrigation treatments compared with that in one irrigation treatment increased 47, 23, and 9% during 2002–03 and 91, 84, and 23% in 2003–04, respectively. Water deficit reduced spikes m?2. In both years, the average reduction in spikes m?2 at maximum irrigation deficit (one irrigation) at all N levels was 24%. Similar reduction occurred in grains spike?1 where water deficit decreased this component on an average of 36%.  相似文献   

5.
Nitrogen and sulfur play an important role in maize production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) levels applied in various ratios on maize hybrid Babar yield at Peshawar in 2011 and 2013. Four N levels (120, 160, 200 and 240 kg N ha?1) and four S levels (20, 25, 30 and 35 kg S ha?1) were applied in three splits: a, at sowing; b, V8 stage; c, VT stage in ratios of 10:50:40, 20:50:30 and 30:50:20. Grains ear?1, thousand grain weight, grain yield ha?1 and soil pH were significantly affected by years (Y), N, S and their ratios, while no effect of N, S and their ratios was noted on ears plant?1. Maximum grains ear?1 (390), thousand grain weight (230.1 g) and grain yield (4119 kg ha?1) were recorded in 2013. N increased grains ear?1 (438), thousand grain weight (252 g) and grain yield (5001 kg ha?1) up to 200 kg N ha?1. Each increment of S increased grains ear?1 and other parameters up to 35 kg S ha?1, producing maximum grains ear?1 (430), thousand grain weight (245 g) and grain yield (4752 kg ha?1), while soil pH decreased from 8.06 to 7.95 with the application of 35 kg S ha?1. In the case of N and S ratios, more grains ear?1 (432), heavier thousand grains (246.7 g) and higher grain yield (4806 kg ha?1) were observed at 30:50:20 where 30% of N and S were applied at sowing, 50% at V8 and 20% at VT stage. It is concluded that 200 kg N ha?1 and 35 kg S ha?1 applied in the ratio of 30% at sowing, 50% at V8 and 20% at VT stage is recommended for obtaining a higher yield of maize hybrid Babar.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

Foliar fertilization with micronutrients and amino acids (AAs) has been used to increase the grain yield and quality of different crops. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Zn and AAs foliar application on physiological parameters, nutritional status, yield components and grain yield of wheat-soybean intercropping under a no-till management. We used a randomized block experimental design consisting of eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments were five Zn rates (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8?kg ha?1) and 2?L ha?1 of AAs and three additional treatments: a control (without the Zn or AA application), 2?kg ha?1 Zn and 2?kg ha?1 Zn + 1?L AA. The treatments were applied by spraying during the final elongation stage and at the beginning of pre-earing for the wheat and in growth stage V6 for the soybean for two crop years in a Typic Oxisol (860?g kg?1 clay). Zinc foliar fertilization increased the wheat grain Zn concentrations. The Zn rates and AA foliar fertilization in soil with did not affect the physiological parameters, nutrient status or yield components. The AA application at the different concentrations tested changed the soybean grain yield and the leaf N concentration. The results suggest that Zn and amino acids application increases the grains Zn concentration in the wheat, being an important strategy to agronomic biofortification.  相似文献   

7.
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important impact factors on development and growth of wheat. In this study the effects of nitrogen use efficiency on quantity and quality of grains were studied by agronomic management of N fertilizers on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under field conditions for two years. The experiments were performed at 16 combinations of N application amount and time, including four levels of N at 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha?1 that were used as pre-plant fertilizers, sub-treated with four levels of the same N amount used as top-dress fertilizers. As a result, with an increase in total N fertilizers, grain yield increased in a cubic equitation, but partial factor productivity (PFPN, kg grain yield per kg N applied) decreased exponentially. With total fertilizers, N content and accumulation in vegetative tissues and grains increased linearly, but N uptake efficiency (UtEN, kg nutrient taken up per kg N applied) decreased exponentially. When N was over-applied (>360 kg N ha?1 in this study), grain yield clearly declined, due to decrease in productivity from per unit N. The high N level (240～300 kg N ha?1), the reasonable distribution between pre-plant and top dress from the same amount N fertilizer not only increased grain yield but also enhanced N use efficiency.  相似文献   

8.
施锌对小麦开花后氮、磷、钾、锌积累和运转的影响   总被引：25，自引：7，他引：25  
为明确大田条件下施锌对小麦地上部器官氮、磷、钾、锌的积累量和转移量的影响,2001～2002年开展了田间试验。试验以专用强筋小麦(8901-11)和普通小麦(4185)两个冬小麦品种为材料,包括4个施锌水平(分别为施ZnSO4.7H2O.0、11.25、22.5和33.75.kg/hm2)。结果表明,各器官中Zn的含量变化在4.14～54.18.mg/kg,刚开花时及灌浆前期的含量以子粒>穗壳>叶片>茎秆,至接近成熟时则以子粒>叶片>穗壳>茎秆。每生产100.kg小麦子粒需要吸收Zn的范围在4.40～5.20.g之间。小麦成熟时吸收的Zn约为N或K2O的1/800～1/700,为P2O5的1/500～1/300。施锌后小麦各器官氮、磷、钾、锌的积累量及开花后向子粒的运转量增加,但施锌过多,这些营养元素的吸收、积累和运转反而受到抑制。4185开花前吸收氮和磷的能力较强,而8901-11开花后吸收氮和磷的能力较强;而吸收钾和锌的能力与吸收氮和磷的情况相反。8901-11氮、磷、钾、锌的积累量基本随施锌量增加而提高,以施硫酸锌22.5～33.75.kg/hm2的积累量最高;而4185以施硫酸锌11.25.kg/hm2的积累量最高。因此,在施用大量元素的基础上,普通小麦以施硫酸锌11.25.kg/hm2为宜,而强筋小麦以施硫酸锌22.5～33.75.kg/hm2为宜。  相似文献   

9.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1561-1580
Abstract

The Magruder plots are the oldest continuous soil fertility wheat research plots in the Great Plains region, and are one of the oldest continuous soil fertility wheat plots in the world. They were initiated in 1892 by Alexander C. Magruder who was interested in the productivity of native prairie soils when sown continuously to winter wheat. This study reports on a simple estimate of nitrogen (N) balance in the Magruder plots, accounting for N applied, N removed in the grain, plant N loss, denitrification, non‐symbiotic N fixation, nitrate (NO3 ?) leaching, N applied in the rainfall, estimated total soil N (0–30 cm) at the beginning of the experiment and that measured in 2001. In the Manure plots, total soil N decreased from 6890 kg N ha?1 in the surface 0–30 cm in 1892, to 3198 kg N ha?1 in 2002. In the Check plots (no nutrients applied for 109 years) only 2411 kg N ha?1 or 35% of the original total soil organic N remains. Nitrogen removed in the grain averaged 38.4 kg N ha?1 yr?1 and N additions (manure, N in rainfall, N via symbiotic N fixation) averaged 44.5 kg N ha?1 yr?1 in the Manure plots. Following 109 years, unaccounted N ranged from 229 to 1395 kg N ha?1. On a by year basis, this would translate into 2–13 kg N ha?1 yr?1 that were unaccounted for, increasing with increased N application. For the Manure plots, the estimate of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) (N removed in the grain, minus N removed in the grain of the Check plots, divided by the rate of N applied) was 32.8%, similar to the 33% NUE for world cereal production reported in 1999.  相似文献   

10.
Because limited information is available about the validated use of a chlorophyll meter for predicting nitrogen requirements for optimum growth and yield of wheat after application of herbicides, field experiments were carried out in the winter seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 under different weed and N fertilization treatments. Five weeded treatments, application of herbicides 25 days after sowing (DAS), hand pulling once at 55 DAS and a weedy check were combined with four N application rates. Weeds were completely absent in the non-fertilized plots, either with metribuzin or hand pulling as well as in isoproturon-treated plots fertilized with 190 or 285 kg N ha?1. The grain yield was similar in the treatments of isoproturon × 190 kg N ha?1, isoproturon + diflufenican × conditional N treatment (113.9) or 190 kg N ha?1, hand pulling × conditional N treatment (104.8) or 285 kg N ha?1 and metribuzin × 190 kg N ha?1. Under weeded practices, conditional N treatment recorded the maximum nitrogen use efficiency and almost equaled the grain protein content of the 190 kg N ha?1 application rate. N application based on SPAD readings saved about 40.0% and 44.8% N with isoproturon + diflufenican or hand pulling, respectively, compared to the recommended rate (190 kg N ha?1) without noticeable yield loss.  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted for 2 years in sandy loam soil, to study the direct effect of organic manures i.e. sewage sludge (SS), vermicompost (VC) and sesbania (SB) and chemical fertilizers on rice (Oryza sativa) and their residual effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in sequence in winter (Rabi) and summer (Kharif) season during 2015–2016 to 2016–2017 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Residual effect of organic sources of nutrients as SS, VC and SB were monitored up to fourth crop (II wheat) in sequence applied in conjunction with 75% recommended dose of fertilize (RDF). Among the nutrient sources, the maximum grain yield in I rice (4.89 t ha?1), II rice (4.95 t ha?1), was recorded in treatment T3 (100% RDF with S, Zn, B) whereas in I wheat (4.68 t ha?1) and II wheat (4.59 t ha?1), it was recorded in T4 (customized fertilizer). The maximum straw yield during all four crops was recorded in T3 (100% RDF with S, Zn, B) in rice and T4 (customized fertilizer) in wheat crop, which showed 25, 32, 23 and 28% increase over 100% RDF (T2). Application of 100% RDF along with S, Zn, B and customized fertilizer increased the total uptake of N, P, K, S and B and also in net returns and B:C ratio followed by organic treatments.  相似文献   

12.
This experiment was conducted at Zahak Agricultural Research Station in the Sistan region in southeast Iran. A factorial design with three replications was used to determine the effects of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) applications on wheat yield, Zn, Fe, and Mn uptakes and concentrations in grains. Four levels of Zn [soil applications of 0, 40, and 80 kg ha?1 and foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) solution], two levels of iron sulfate (FeSO4; 0 and 1%) as foliar application, and two levels of Mn (0 and 0.5%) also as foliar application were used in this study. Results showed that the interactive effects of Zn and Mn were significant on the number of grains in each spike. The highest number of grains resulted from the application of 80 kg ZnSO4 ha?1 and foliar Mn. The interactive effects of Zn and Fe were significant on weight of 1000 grains. The highest weight of 1000 grains resulted from application of 80 kg Zn and foliar Fe. Application of 80 kg ZnSO4 ha?1 alone and 80 kg ZnSO4 ha?1 with foliar application of Mn significantly increased grain yield in 2003. The 2‐year results showed that foliar application of Zn increased Zn concentration and Fe concentration in grains 99% and 8%, respectively. Foliar application of Fe resulted in a 21% increase in Fe concentration and a 13% increase in Zn concentration in grains. The foliar application of Mn resulted in a 7% increased in Mn concentration in grains.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Nine biennial field experiments, 2000–2004, in south Sweden, 55–56°N, with winter wheat following winter oilseed rape, peas, and oats, were used to estimate the impact of a future milder climate on winter wheat production in central Sweden, 58–60°N. The trials included studies 1) on losses during winter of soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin, 0–90 cm soil), accumulated after the preceding crops in late autumn, 2) on soil N mineralisation (Nnet) during the growing season of the wheat (early spring to ripeness) and 3) on grain yield and optimum N fertilisation (Opt-N rate) of the wheat. Average Nmin in late autumn following winter oilseed rape, peas, and oats was 68, 64, and 45 kg ha?1, respectively, but decreased until early spring. Increased future losses of Nmin during the winter in central Sweden due to no or very short periods with soil frost should enhance the demand for fertiliser N and reduce the better residual N effect of winter oilseed rape and peas, compared with oats. Their better N effect will then mainly depend on larger Nnet (from March to maturity during the winter wheat year). Owing to more plant-available soil N (mainly as Nnet) Opt-N rates were lower after oilseed rape and peas than after oats despite increased wheat yields (700 kg ha?1) at optimum N fertilisation. In addition to these break crop effects, a milder climate should increase winter wheat yields in central Sweden by 2000–3000 kg ha?1 and require about 30–45 kg ha?1 more fertiliser N at optimum N fertilisation than the present yield levels. Increased losses and higher N fertilisation to the subsequent winter wheat in future indicates a need for an estimation of the residual N effect at the individual sites, rather than using mean values as at present, to increase N efficiency.  相似文献   

14.
An experiment was conducted to assess the zinc (Zn) availability to wheat in alkaline soils during Rabi 2009–2010. Wheat seedlings in pots having 2 kg alkaline sandy soil per pot were treated with 5, 10 and 15 kg Zn ha?1 as soil and with 0.5 and 1.0% zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) as foliar application. Results showed that Zn increasing levels in soil helped in phosphorus uptake up to boot stage but its conversion to grain portion lacked in Zn treated plants. Potassium (K) uptake also increased up to 6.24% in boot stage with treatment of 10 kg Zn ha?1 + 1.0% ZnSO4 foliar spray. Zinc (Zn) concentration increased in plant tissues with the increasing level of Zn application but this disturbed the phosphorus (P)-Zn interaction and, thus, both of the nutrients were found in lesser quantities in grains compared to the control. Despite of the apparent sufficient Zn level in soil (1.95 mg kg?1), improvement in growth and yield parameters with Zn application indicate that the soil was Zn deplete in terms of plant available Zn. The above findings suggest that the figure Zn sufficiency in alkaline soil (1.0 mg kg?1) should be revised in accordance to the nature and type of soils. Furthermore, foliar application of Zn up to 1.0% progressively increased yield but not significantly; and it was recommended that higher concentrations might be used to confirm foliar application of Zn as a successful strategy for increasing plant zinc levels.  相似文献   

15.
Significance of microbial biomass and non-exchangeable ammonium with respect to the nitrogen transformations in loess soils of Niedersachsen during the growing season of winter wheat. I. Change of pool sizes Nitrogen transformations in loess soils have been examined by laboratory and field experiments. After straw application (· 8 t · ha?1), N in microbial biomass (Nmic) increased by about 20 mg · kg?1 soil (· 90 kg N · ha?1 · 30 cm?1) after 9 days of incubation (20 °C). Another laboratory experiment yielded an increase of about 400 mg of NH4+-N · kg?1 fixed by minerals within 1 h after addition of 1 M NH4+-acetate. Defixation of the recently fixed NH4+ after addition of 1 M KCl amounted to only 60 mg · kg?1 within 50 days. In a field experiment with winter wheat 1991, an increase in Nmic of about 80 kg N · ha?1 · 30 cm?1 was observed from March to June. After July, growth of the microbes was limited by decreased soluble carbon concentrations in the rhizosphere. Different levels of mineral N-fertilizer (0, 177 and 213 kg N · ha?1) did not affect significantly the microbial biomass. The same field experiment yielded a decrease of non-exchangeable ammonium on the “zero”-fertilized plot in spring by 200 kg N · ha?1 · 30 cm?1. The pool of fixed ammonium increased significantly after harvest. After conventional mineral N-fertilizer application (213 kg N · ha?1). NH4+-defixation was only about 120 kg N · ha?1 · 30 cm?1 until July.  相似文献   

16.
We investigated 15N abundance （δ15N） of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum cv. Jinmai 1） plants and soil at different growth stages in a field with a 13-year fertilization history of urea and compost, to determine whether or not the δ15N of plant parts can be used as an indicator of organic amendment with compost. Plant parts （roots, leaves, stems and grains） and soil were sampled at re-greening, jointing, grain filling and mature growth stages of winter wheat. There were significant differences between the urea and compost treatments in 815N of whole plants, plant parts and soil over the whole growing season. Determination of the δ15N of plant parts was more convenient than that of whole plant to distinguish between the application of organic amendment and synthetic N fertilizer.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

A soil test for mineralizable soil N had been calibrated for winter wheat in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. Seventy‐eight percent of the variation in spring N uptake by unfertilized wheat was explained by N mineralized from mid‐winter soil samples incubated anaerobically for 7 days at 40°C. Mineralizable N (Nmin) ranged from 10 to 30 mg N kg?1 and was used to predict N fertilizer needs. Recommended rates of N were correlated (R2=0.87) with maximum economic rates of N fertilizer. Subsequent farmer adoption of no‐till sowing and a high frequency of soil tests>30 mg N kg?1 prompted reevaluation of the soil test. Four N fertilizer rates [0, 56, G, and G+56 kg N ha?1] were compared in 12 m×150 m farmer‐managed plots. Grower's N rates (G) ranged from 90 to 180 kg N ha?1 and were based on Nmin and NH4‐N plus NO3‐N soil tests. Averaged across ten no‐till and five conventionally tilled sites, grain yield and crop N uptake were maximized at the recommended rate of N. Results demonstrate that N fertilizer needs for winter wheat can be predicted over a wide range of mineralizable soil N (10 to 75 mg N kg?1) and that the same soil test calibration can be used for conventionally sown and direct‐seeded winter wheat.  相似文献   

18.
Cereal grain and nitrogen (N) fertilizer prices have varied greatly in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum dose of N fertilizer needed to maximize revenues of soft red winter wheat in Alava (northern Spain). Economically optimum rates of N application (Nyield) ranged from 142 to 174 kg N ha?1 depending on the price of both N fertilizer and wheat. Growers received an extra income of 0.006 [euro] kg?1 if the grain protein content was greater than 12.5%, with the minimum required N dose to obtain this value (Nprot) being 176 kg ha?1. The extra amount of N fertilizer required over Nyield to reach Nprot ranged from 2 to 34 kg N ha?1, and the extra benefits associated varied from 24 to 36 [euro] ha?1.  相似文献   

19.
Significance of microbial biomass and mineral fixed ammonium with respect to the nitrogen transformations in loess soils of Niedersachsen during the growing season of winter wheat. II. 15N-turnover Field experiments 1988/89 on a fallow plot of the southern Niedersachsen loess area with straw application (δ 10 t · ha?1, homogeneously incorporated by hand) yielded an increase in microbial biomass-N (Nmic) by 60 kg N · ha?1 · 30 cm?1 until March 1989 and further 40 kg N · ha?1, till May which was almost completely remobilized until harvest. For a cropped plot (with winter wheat and 10 t · ha?1 straw incorporation), N immobilization was of similar magnitude. Up to 18% of the applied 15N-fertilizer (185 kgN · ha?1) were microbially immobilized. In contrast to 1988/89, no significant mass change of Nmic occurred in 1991 due to straw application (δ 10t · ha?1). Variations in the amount of Nmic were nearly independent on the treatment (crop, with 140 kg fertilizer-N · ha?1 or without N-fertilizer, respectively; fallow plot without fertilizer-N) within a range of 225-400 kg N · ha?1 · 30 cm?1. Directly after N-application (each 70 kg N · ha?1 in March and in May), up to 100% of the fertilizer-N were assimilated by the microbes. Subsequently, remobilization of the immobilized nitrogen occurred within 2 (in March) or 6 weeks (in May), respectively. Simultaneously, organic soil-N was mineralized after each N-application and minerally fixed for us biggest part. Between March and June, the fixed NH4+ decreased by about 112 kg · ha?1 · 30 cm?1.  相似文献   

20.
氮锌配施对冬小麦产量及土壤氮素转化相关酶活性的影响   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
  【目的】  锌(Zn)能够促进冬小麦对氮(N)素的吸收利用。研究氮锌配施对冬小麦土壤氮素形态转化及相关酶活性的影响,有助于探究氮锌配施促进冬小麦吸收利用氮的可能机制,为通过合理施肥提高冬小麦产量和品质提供理论依据。  【方法】  以‘郑麦379’为试材进行壤质潮土培养试验,设置CK (不施N和Zn)、Zn (施Zn 10 mg/kg)、N (施N 0.2 g/kg)、N+Zn (施N 0.2 g/kg+Zn 10 mg/kg) 共4个处理,分析了冬小麦产量及产量构成要素,测定4个生育期植株各部位N、Zn含量,土壤NO3–-N和NH4+-N含量及土壤硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性。  【结果】  与CK相比,Zn、N及N+Zn显著提高了冬小麦每盆穗数、穗粒数和籽粒产量,提高了不同时期小麦根、茎叶、穗和籽粒中N、Zn含量,且N+Zn处理的提高幅度明显高于Zn和N处理。随着冬小麦生育期的延长,各处理下土壤NO3–-N和NH4+-N含量有所降低,亚硝酸还原酶和脲酶活性有所提高,蛋白酶活性有所降低。N和N+Zn处理能显著提高土壤NO3–-N含量,且N+Zn在冬小麦生育后期提高土壤NO3–-N含量的幅度显著高于N处理。Zn、N及N+Zn处理能显著提高冬小麦生育后期土壤NH4+-N的含量,且N+Zn处理提高的幅度高于Zn处理。Zn处理显著降低了拔节期后土壤硝酸还原酶活性,N及N+Zn处理降低了小麦生育后期土壤硝酸还原酶活性,且N+Zn降低硝酸还原酶活性的程度高于N处理;Zn、N和N+Zn处理均降低了土壤亚硝酸还原酶活性;Zn和N处理显著降低拔节期土壤脲酶的活性,但Zn、N和N+Zn处理均显著提高了土壤蛋白酶活性。  【结论】  氮锌配施提高冬小麦籽粒产量,促进冬小麦吸收土壤氮素,这是由于氮锌配施提高了土壤脲酶和蛋白酶活性,促进了土壤有机氮向铵态氮及铵态氮向硝态氮的转化,同时降低了冬小麦生育后期土壤硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性,抑制了硝态氮的反硝化作用,从而提高了土壤中可供冬小麦吸收的铵态氮和硝态氮含量。  相似文献   

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