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实验选择在相同饲养方式下的不同生长阶段(2、30、60、90、120、180日龄)、不同性别的湖羊进行屠宰,运用组织学和显微技术对上述湖羊背最长肌的嫩度、肌纤维直径和密度进行测定分析,并初步比较90日龄的湖羊和陶赛特羊的3种指标。结果表明:湖羊肌肉具有良好的质地和组织结构,肌纤维细腻适中而分布均匀。年龄因素对肌纤维直径存在极显著影响(P<0.01),对肌纤维密度存在显著影响(P<0.05),随着年龄的增长湖羊肌纤维嫩度呈下降趋势;性别因素对肌纤维直径和密度均存在显著影响(P<0.05),除2日龄和30日龄外,其他各生长阶段性别因素对湖羊肌纤维嫩度的影响显著(P<0.05);品种因素对肌纤维直径不存在显著影响(P>0.05),但对肌纤维密度影响显著(P<0.05),与陶赛特羊相比,湖羊肉质嫩度较好。 相似文献
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以德州驴为试验动物,探究采精年龄对其精液品质的影响,旨在确定种公驴精液采集的最适年龄范围,从而最大限度地发挥优良种公驴的生产性能。对东阿国家黑毛驴繁育中心42头种公驴的采精状况进行整理,并将数据按年龄分为4组:4岁组(n=10)、5岁组(n=12)、6岁组(n=10)及7岁组(n=10)。结果表明:①采精年龄为6岁组时,其总精液量显著高于4岁组(P<0.05)和5岁组(P<0.05),但与7岁组间无显著差异(P>0.05);②采精年龄为4岁组时,其精液的精子密度与5岁组不存在显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于6岁组(P<0.05)和7岁组(P<0.05);③随着采精年龄的增大,各组精液的原精活力并无显著差异(P>0.05),但6岁组和7岁组的冻后活力却显著高于4岁组(P<0.05)和5岁组(P<0.05);④采精年龄为6岁组时,其精子的复苏率与7岁组不存在显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);⑤采精年龄与总精液量、冻后活力、复苏率之间均呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01),与精子密度呈显著的负相关性(P<0.05)。结论:种公驴采精年龄为6～7岁时,可以获得较好的精液品质。 相似文献
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为了探索微量元素对妊娠母羊营养状况的影响,试验选取体重相近、年龄和胎次相同的卡拉库尔妊娠母羊和空怀母羊各6只,采集颈静脉血样和臀部毛样,利用原子吸收光谱法(国标法)测定铜、锌、铁、锰4种微量元素含量。结果表明:血清中铁、铜含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);全血中铁、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05),铜含量差异极显著著(P<0.01);羊毛中铜含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05),锰含量差异极显著(P<0.01);与我国绵羊饲养标准相比,全血中的铜、锌含量较低,铁、锰含量较高。 相似文献
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丙酸钙对西门塔尔牛日粮能量平衡和氮平衡的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
选用4头体重500kg、年龄3.5岁的中国西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,以混合精料和玉米秸秆为基础日粮,研究丙酸钙(0、100、200和300g/d)对日粮能量平衡和氮平衡的影响。结果表明:各处理组采食总能和尿能差异不显著(P>0.05);日粮添加丙酸钙200g/d和300g/d组粪能和气体能有降低趋势(P>0.05),消化能、代谢能和沉积能较对照组均显著提高(P<0.05)。各处理组采食氮和尿氮差异不显著(P>0.05);日粮添加丙酸钙组粪氮显著降低(P<0.05),可消化氮显著提高(P<0.05);200g/d组沉积氮显著高于对照组和100g/d组(P<0.05),高于300g/d组但差异不显著(P>0.05)。根据本试验结果推断日粮中丙酸钙的适宜添加水平为200g/d。 相似文献
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为了探索微量元素对妊娠母羊营养状况的影响,选取体重相近、年龄和胎次相同的卡拉库尔羊妊娠母羊和空怀母羊各6只,清晨采取颈静脉血样和臀部毛样,利用原子吸收光谱法对铜、锌、铁、锰4种微量元素含量进行了测定(国标法)。结果表明:血清中,铜的含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);全血中,铁、铜、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);羊毛中,铜、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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选择3个品种的采精公牛20头,对其注射口蹄疫疫苗前后精液次均采集量、平均密度、平均活力、精液废弃率及制冻数量进行对比,分析该疫苗免疫对各品种种公牛精液品质的影响。结果表明:注射口蹄疫疫苗后3,个品种公牛的精液采集量没有显著变化(P>0.05);西门塔尔公牛的精液密度显著增加(P<0.05),而利木赞公牛精液密度仅在第3~4周时显著提高(P<0.05),其他时段差异不显著(P>0.05),鲁西牛的精液密度差异也不显著(P>0.05);3个品种公牛精液活力均在不同时段出现不同程度下降且差异显著(P<0.05),西门塔尔牛精液活力下降极显著(P<0.01),且影响时间最长,鲁西牛影响最小;西门塔尔牛精液废弃率与其活力相伴而行,影响最大且差异显著(P<0.05),利木赞牛与鲁西牛影响不显著(P>0.05);制冻数量鲁西牛在各时段差异不显著(P>0.05),而利木赞牛与西门塔尔牛分别在疫苗注射后的第3~4周与第9~10周显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛精液品质影响较大,种公牛站应合理安排免疫时间与精液生产之间关系,减少生产损失。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究抗菌肽(AMP)对固始鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化、免疫及肠道微生物的影响。选取200只固始鸡随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组为基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加50、100、200 mg/kg AMP。预试期5 d,正式试验期60 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,各试验组固始鸡末重、平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);200 mg/kg组固始鸡平均日采食量显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,200 mg/kg组固始鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05);各试验组固始鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著下降(P<0.05);各试验组固始鸡血清免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、白细胞介素-10 (IL-10)含量均显著升高(P<0.05),血清肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)含量显著下降(P<0.05);200 mg/kg组血清白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,各试验组固始鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量显著下降(P<0.05);200 mg/kg组固始鸡盲肠乳酸杆菌数量显著提高(P<0.05),沙门氏菌数量显著降低(P<0.05);100 mg/kg组、200 mg/kg组固始鸡盲肠链球菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,AMP可提高固始鸡生长性能、免疫与抗氧化能力,改善肠道菌群结构,建议固始鸡日粮中添加200 mg/kg AMP。 相似文献
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试验借助高密度SNP芯片技术在整个基因组范围内对223头中国西门塔尔牛群体进行基因分型,在SCD1基因上发现7个SNPs位点,对各SNP位点与西门塔尔牛肉质性状进行相关性分析。结果表明,SCD1基因的7个SNPs位点均与大理石花纹等级显著相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);A10050C、A13655G、C14790T和A15565G4个位点对剪切力影响显著(P<0.05);位点A13655G对肌内脂肪含量影响显著(P<0.05);位点A10050C、C14790T、A15565G不同基因型个体间脂肪颜色差异显著(P<0.05)。单体型分析结果显示,7个SNPs位点共构成6种单体型和14种单体型组合。单体型组合H3H6与高肌内脂肪含量极显著相关(P<0.01);单体型组合H6H6与优质大理石花纹极显著相关(P<0.01);单体型组合H4H6与高剪切力值显著相关(P<0.05);各单体型组合对肉色和脂肪颜色影响不显著。 相似文献
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Effect of Yucca schidigera on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion in heifers. 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
A N Hristov T A McAllister F H Van Herk K J Cheng C J Newbold P R Cheeke 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(9):2554-2563
In a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square experiment, six heifers (443 +/- 6.1 kg) fed a 61% barley grain:39% alfalfa silage diet (DM basis) were given intraruminal doses of powdered Yucca schidigera (YS). Doses of 0 (control), 20, or 60 g/d were given at 0800 daily. Ruminal content was sampled 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after dosing. Acidity, concentrations of reducing sugars, free amino acids, and peptides in the rumen were not affected (P > .05) by YS. Relative to control, ruminal ammonia concentration was reduced (P < .05) 2 h after YS dosing. Ruminal propionate concentration was increased (P < .05) by YS. Protozoal numbers in the rumen were lower (P < .05) with YS than without. Yucca did not affect (P > .05) rate or extent of in situ DM degradability. Fibrolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic activities in ruminal contents were similar among treatments (P > .05). Dry matter intake, apparent digestibilities of DM, NDF, and CP, nitrogen balance, and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen were not affected (P > .05) by treatment. The effect of YS on ruminal ammonia concentration likely resulted from a decreased concentration of protozoa and, presumably, from ammonia binding by YS. The effect on ruminal propionate was probably a result of a selective inhibitory effect of YS on rumen microbial species. 相似文献
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天山马鹿数量性状相关的统计分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了凉泉天山马鹿上锯公鹿的体重、茸重、茸的鲜干比例性状与鹿年龄、茸重性状与体重 ,体重、体尺和茸尺性状与茸重的关系。结果表明 :在一定年龄段 ,这些数量性状除了体尺中角基距性状与茸重呈强负相关 (-r,P <0 0 1 )外 ,多呈极显著正相关 (P <0 0 1 ) ,少数呈显著正相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并建立了线性回归方程 ,为预测并比较天山马鹿各锯时的体重、茸重、体尺、茸尺和茸的鲜干比例水平及制审定其检测标准提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to find a heritable trait measuring ability in endurance races from competition results in order to select endurance horses from them. The results of 90–160 km endurance races in France from 2002 to 2004 were available including 2795 horses, 3.2 races per horse, from which 2264 had a speed measured, i.e. 5252 measurements of speed and 9059 of placing (0 or 1 when the horse completed the race). The model included fixed effects of sex, age, month of birth (not significant), region of birth, breed, and random effects of permanent environmental effects and animal effect (20,854 horses). Heritabilities were 0.28 and 0.06 (0.10 on underlying scale) respectively for speed and placing. Repeatabilities were respectively 0.44 and 0.07 (0.12). The genetic correlation was 0.87. No genetic differences were found between the results in small distance races (90 km) and long distance races (120–160 km). Additional data on young horses in specific races (20–60 km) with controlled speed did not give a precocious criterion (genetic correlation between speed in adult races and maximum level of distance and difficulty in the young horse equal to 0.07) for selection. In conclusion, breeding values should be calculated from speed and placing in races ≥ 90 km. A higher genetic progress is expected than for other equestrian disciplines since heritability is considerably higher for a trait measured in a single event. 相似文献
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过瘤胃蛋白和丙二醇对乳牛瘤胃发酵、产乳量及乳成分的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
用 8头荷斯坦黑白花奶牛 ,在饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋白和丙二醇 ,研究其对乳牛瘤胃发酵、产乳量及乳成分的影响。结果表明 ,过瘤胃蛋白+丙二醇可显著提高丙酸浓度 (P <0 0 5) ,并且产乳量较对照组有增加的趋势。乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率及无脂固形物率 ,并未因添加过瘤胃蛋白和丙二醇而受到显著影响 (P >0 0 5)。乳蛋白质量、乳脂量及无脂固形物量 ,过瘤胃蛋白 +丙二醇组较对照组有增加的趋势 ,但差异均不显著 (P >0 0 5)。 相似文献
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Bryant TC Rivera JD Galyean ML Duff GC Hallford DM Montgomery TH 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(11):2893-2903
Ruminally protected choline (RPC) was evaluated in two experiments. In Exp. 1, beef steers (n = 160; average initial BW = 350.9 kg) were fed a 90% concentrate diet with either 0, .25, .5, or 1.0% RPC (DM basis) for 112 to 140 d. Feeding .25% RPC increased ADG 11.6% compared with 0% RPC, but responses diminished with increasing RPC level (cubic response, P < .10). Daily DMI was not affected by RPC level, but feed:gain was improved 6.8% with .25% RPC compared with 0% RPC, and responses diminished with increasing RPC level (cubic response, P < .10). Carcass yield grade increased linearly (P < .10) as RPC level increased, but marbling score was lower for all three RPC-containing diets than for the 0% RPC diet (quadratic response, P < .05). In Exp. 2, 20 Suffolk lambs (initial BW = 29.8 kg) were fed an 80% concentrate diet for 56 d with the same RPC levels as in Exp. 1. Serum triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (CLSTRL) were measured in weekly blood samples, and intensive blood samples were collected on d 28 and 56 to evaluate serum insulin (INS), GH, and NEFA. For the 56-d feeding period, ADG responded quadratically (P < .10) to RPC level, but DMI and feed:gain were not affected. Serum INS and NEFA concentrations increased linearly (P < .05) and serum GH responded cubically (P < .05) to RPC level on d 28, but no differences were noted on d 56. Serum TG concentrations in weekly samples increased linearly (P < .10) with RPC level, but, averaged over all weeks, serum CLSTRL concentrations did not differ (P > .10) among treatments. Quantities of carcass mesenteric (P < .05) and kidney fat (P < .10) increased linearly, but longissimus muscle and liver fat contents did not differ (P > .10) among RPC levels. Supplementing RPC in high-concentrate diets improved performance, but results were not consistent among RPC levels or between cattle and sheep. Potential effects of RPC might be mediated through alterations in fat metabolism and(or) metabolic hormones related to fat metabolism. 相似文献
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Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of calcium soaps of long-chain fatty acids (calcium soap) on feedlot performance, diet digestibility, carcass characteristics and ruminal metabolism of steers fed diets (85% concentrate:15% corn silage) containing 0, 2, 4 or 6% calcium soap. In Trial 1, increasing calcium soap decreased (P less than .05) DM, CP and gross energy intake but increased total fatty acid intake. Feed to gain ratio tended to improve with increased calcium soap; gross energy conversion was not affected (P greater than .05) by diet. Average daily gain and hot carcass weight decreased (P less than .05) with addition of calcium soap; other carcass characteristics were not affected (P greater than .05). Apparent digestibilities of DM, N, energy and ash were not affected (P greater than .05) by calcium soap. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility increased linearly (P less than .08) with increasing calcium soap, whereas digestibility of total fatty acids was affected quadratically (P less than .05); fatty acid digestibility was similar among 0, 2 and 4% calcium soap diets but decreased for the 6% calcium soap diet. In Trial 2, increased calcium soap did not affect (P greater than .05) ruminal VFA concentrations, pH or in sacco NDF disappearance of orchardgrass following 12, 24 and 48 h of incubation. Calcium soap increased (P less than .07) ruminal concentrations of calcium soap fatty acids at 1, 2, 4 and 8 h postfeeding. Calcium soap did not improve performance of feedlot cattle fed high-concentrate diets. Further, calcium soap did not affect ruminal fermentation and did not dissociate significantly even when ruminal pH was below 6 for extended periods of time. 相似文献
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T W White L D Bunting L S Sticker F G Hembry A M Saxton 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(11):3286-3292
Ninety-six Hereford x Angus steers (mean initial BW = 295 kg) were used in two growth experiments conducted at moderate and high ambient temperatures (AT), 48 steers per AT. Within each AT, calves were assigned to six dietary treatments consisting of a basal diet (approximately 60% corn and 20% grass hay) supplemented with either 0, 2.5, or 5% fat and with either soybean meal (SBM) or Menhaden fish meal (FM) included at levels such that a ratio of 16.3 kcal of NEm per kilogram of CP was maintained. Blood and ruminal fluid were collected 40 d before slaughter. During the final 28 d of the moderate AT experiment, apparent digestibility of dietary components was measured in four individually fed steers from each dietary treatment. Steer ADG was not affected by fat, and DMI and efficiency of gain were not affected (P > .10) by treatment. Average daily gain was lower for steers fed FM than for those fed SBM at moderate AT but higher at high AT (CP source x AT interaction; P < .05). Ruminal ratio of acetate to propionate declined linearly with increasing fat at moderate AT but was not affected by fat at high AT (fat x AT interaction trend; P = .08). Plasma urea N concentration increased linearly (P < .05) with increasing fat and was higher (P < .05) in steers kept at high than in those kept at moderate AT. Although apparent digestibility was not altered in steers fed FM, DM and NDF (P < .05) and ADF (P = .07) digestibility decreased with increasing fat in steers fed SBM (CP source x fat interaction).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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苟钟勇林厦菁范秋丽王一冰阮栋张赛叶金玲茅沈丽蒋守群 《动物营养学报》2023,(1):191-202
本试验旨在研究基于玉米-花生仁饼型低粗蛋白质(CP)水平饲粮对1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能和氮利用率的影响。选取1日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉鸡1920只(公母各占1/2),公、母鸡各按体重一致原则随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复40只)。4个组的饲粮CP水平分别为22.5%、21.5%、20.5%和19.5%。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮不同水平CP和性别对21日龄肉鸡末重和1~21日龄平均日增重(ADG)均有显著影响(P<0.05)且具有显著交互作用(P<0.05);22.5%CP组和21.5%CP组ADG均显著高于20.5%CP组和19.5%CP组(P<0.05),饲粮CP水平对肉鸡ADG的影响具有显著线性效应(P<0.05)。22.5%CP组公鸡ADG最高,显著高于其他3个CP水平组(P<0.05),21.5%CP组公鸡ADG也显著高于20.5%CP组和19.5%CP组(P<0.05);22.5%CP组和21.5%CP组母鸡ADG均显著高于19.5%CP组(P<0.05)。2)饲粮不同水平CP对肉鸡料重比(F/G)有显著影响(P<0.05)且具有显著的线性效应(P<0.05);22.5%CP组F/G最低,显著低于其他3个水平CP组(P<0.05);21.5%CP组F/G显著低于19.5%CP组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮不同水平CP均对肉鸡氮利用率有显著影响(P<0.05)。21.5%CP组肉鸡氮利用率最高,显著高于其他3个水平CP组(P<0.05),19.5%CP组氮利用率也显著高于20.5%CP组(P<0.05)。由此可见,以玉米-花生仁饼为基础饲粮,低CP水平饲粮中尽管补充添加了晶体氨基酸,但是还是会影响公鸡生长。1~21日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉鸡母鸡饲粮CP水平可以降低1~2个百分点。建议将公、母鸡分开饲养,以实现对其营养的精准调控,提高氮利用率,降低氮排放。 相似文献
19.
日粮能量和蛋白水平对肉鸡腹脂和血脂的影响 总被引：28，自引：2，他引：26
对７０８只（公、母各半）５～９周龄黄羽肉鸡进行３个代谢能水平（１３．４,１２．５,１１．６ＭＪ／ｋｇ）和３个粗蛋白水平（２２．４％,１９．４％,１６．４％）交叉的饲养试验,以探讨日粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平时黄羽肉鸡腹脂和血脂水平的影响。日粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平对腹脂有明显影响,腹脂随日粮代谢能水平的升高而升高（Ｐ＜０,０１）。随粗蛋白水平的升高而降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。日粮能量和蛋白水平对板油的影响与腹脂相似。日粮代谢能水平对肌胃脂无明显影响;日粮粗蛋白水平对肌胃脂重无明显影响,但对肌胃脂率有一定影响（Ｐ＝０．０７）。日粮粗蛋白和代谢能水平对血浆极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）、甘油三酯、胆固醇及总脂浓度均有显著影响（Ｐ＜８．０５）,８周龄血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度随日粮代谢能的升高而降低（Ｐ＜０．０００１）;血浆总脂和胆固醇浓度均随日粮代谢能、粗蛋白水平的升高而降低（Ｐ≤０．００１）。肉鸡８周龄血浆ＶＬＤＬ水平明显存在日粮能量和蛋白的互作效应（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而血浆甘油三酯、胆固醇和总脂水平不存在明显的能量和蛋白的互作（Ｐ＞０．０５）。 相似文献
20.
Yousuke Maeda Michiko Tomioka Michiko Hanada Masa-aki Oikawa 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of race track surface condition on the racing time of Thoroughbred racehorses in flat races isolated from the effects of differences in racecourse and racing distance. The effects of track surface condition, racecourse, and racing distance on the racing time of Thoroughbreds in flat races at 10 Japan Racing Association racecourses during a period of 5 years (2000-2004) were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. Track surface condition significantly affected the race time, although this effect differed between turf and dirt courses. On turf courses, racing times for different track surface conditions were, from shortest to longest, in order of firm<good<yielding<soft. On dirt courses, racing times for different track conditions were from shortest to longest, in order of muddy<good<sloppy<fast. For dirt courses, the effect of racecourse on racing time was greater than that of track surface condition, indicating the existence of racecourse-related nonbiological factors that significantly influenced racing time. When the effects of the differences in racecourse and racing distance were removed, track surface condition conclusively influenced racing time in flat races. 相似文献