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通过对中国农科院麻类所新选育的 3个黄麻圆果种和 12个国外引进的黄麻优异品种进行 2002- 2005年品种比较试验,结果表明 C90- 2、 C90- 6、 C89- 6比对照种粤圆五号增产 14.97%- 19.34%,均达极显著水平.O- 3、 O- 1、 O- 3(红茎)比对照种宽叶长果增产 32.02%- 34.21%,均达极显著水平.O- 4(Ⅱ )比对照种增产 12.28%达显著水平.C- 1、 C- 5比对照种粤圆五号增产 11.90%和 7.82%.且主要经济性状优良,抗病力强.黄麻品种 C90- 2、 C90- 6、 C89- 6、 O- 3、 O- 1、 O- 3(红茎)、 O- 4(Ⅱ )、 C- 1和 C- 5适合于福建闽南麻区推广种植. 相似文献
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黄麻圆果种新品种中黄麻1号的选育研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
中黄麻-号（原名C90-2）系1984年利用黄麻优良新品系71-8和79-51进行有性杂交，再与79-51两次回交，采用系统选择与定向选择相结合的方法，经六代选择于1990年育成的黄麻新品种。该品种有植株高大、高抗炭疽病、丰产稳产性好、适应性广等特征，适宜在全国各主要麻区推广种植。在1993-1994年品系比较试验中，两年平均纤维产量2814．00kg／hm^2，比对照增产14．32％，差异极显著；2002-2003年全国黄麻多点区域试验，纤维产量2808．00kg／hm^2，比对照品种粤圆五号（2472.15kg／hm^2）增产13．59％，增产极显著；纤维品质优良，纤维支数439支，纤维强力401牛顿／克，优于对照品种。 相似文献
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福建省2003-2004年红麻新品种（系）区试试验总结 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
2003-2004年福建省红麻新品种联合区试试验，由福建农林大学和福建省农科院提供的参试红麻新品种8个，以粤743和红引135为对照，在福建省5县市设点鉴定，对参试各品种的原麻产量进行方差和差异显著性分析，采用Finlay的品种稳定性分析方法对各参试品种进行丰产稳产性估算，结果表明供试中福红992产量居区试首位，平均每公顷原麻产量达7778kg，比对照粤743增产25．7％；其次为福红15号、福红14号、福红11号、福红13号平均每公顷原麻产量分别为7295kg、7283kg、7241kg和7189kg，分别比对照粤743增产17．9％、17．7％、17．0％、和16．2％，增产均达极显著水平；而金光2号和闽红964也比对照粤743增产9．6％和8．3％，也达极显著水平。各参试品种的主要农艺性状、品种稳定性、抗病性和品质也优于对照。 相似文献
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通过一年新植和一年宿根试验，结果表明，粤糖2000-236品种是一个萌芽好、分蘖力较强、蔗茎粗大、较耐旱、抗倒抗风、成茎率高、有效茎多、抗病虫害、宿根性好、特早熟以及高糖高产稳产的新良种。本试验宿根蔗粤糖2000-236品种比对照新台糖10号（CK1）增产蔗茎16．39％，比新台糖16号（CK2）增产28．18％。甘蔗蔗糖分粤糖2000-236比CK1和CK2分别提高1．42％和1．43％，亩含糖量分别比CK1和CK2提高28．56％和41．60％，增产增糖十分显著。应加大该品种的推广力度，良种良法一齐抓，以便充分发挥该品种的种性，提高蔗糖生产工农业整体效益。 相似文献
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中黄麻1号(原名C90-2)系1984年利用黄麻优良新品系71-8和79-51进行有性杂交,再与79-51两次回交,采用系统选择与定向选择相结合的方法,经六代选择于1990年育成的黄麻新品种.该品种有植株高大、高抗炭疽病、丰产稳产性好、适应性广等特征,适宜在全国各主要麻区推广种植.在1993-1994年品系比较试验中,两年平均纤维产量2814.00kg/hm2,比对照增产14.32%,差异极显著;2002-2003年全国黄麻多点区域试验,纤维产量2808.00kg/hm2,比对照品种粤圆五号(2472.15kg/hm2)增产13.59%,增产极显著;纤维品质优良,纤维支数439支,纤维强力401牛顿/克,优于对照品种. 相似文献
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几个甘蔗新品种比较试验初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
经过一年新植蔗品种比较试验，参试的甘蔗品种粤糖93．159、新台糖23号、新台糖24号、新台糖25号、台糖90-7909、大禹131、巴西45，以新台糖22号作对照，结果表明：粤糖93-159蔗茎产量和蔗糖份表现突出，比对照增产率15．73％，增糖率28．97％，可因地制宜进一步推广。大禹131、新台糖23号、新台糖25号公顷含糖量分别比对照增产5．34％、1．63％和0．5％，应继续扩大表证示范试验。 相似文献
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中红麻10号（原名“KB2”）系利用国外优良红麻种质“EV41”与国内抗病材料“72－44”有性杂交选育而成的不早花裂叶型红麻新品种。在1993－1994年湖南省区域试验中平均亩产纤维303．85kg比对照湘红麻1号（7804）248．20kg增产22．4％（春播）；在1994－1995年广西区试中比当地适应性强的“系选青皮三号”平均增产13．2％；在1997－1998年全国红麻区试中平均亩产纤维248．58kg，比新对照粤74－3增产15．8％；干茎产量比对照青皮三号平均增产25．4％，其增产幅度均达极显著水平，KB2的平均增产幅度在参试新品种中居首位，韧皮含量和硫酸盐纸浆得率比对照青皮三号提高3．6和1．42个百分点，也高于粤74－3；束纤维品质、单纤维长度和抗炭疽病性亦优于对照品种、抗全性明显强于对照，表明“KB2”是一个集高产、抗病、抗体、优质、适应性广于一体的纺织、造纸兼用的红麻优良新品种。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献