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1.
Irshad Ahmad Bashir Ahmad Shahzad Ali Han Qing Fang Tiening Liu Muhammad Kamran Yang Wu Mati Ur Rahman Shah Faisal 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2016,42(3-4):218-223
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore a field trial was carried out at New Developmental Farm of The University Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during winter 2012–13. The field experiment was layout in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications. Fertilizers treatments (control, higo organic plus (composted manure, it contains N 2%, P 3%, K 3%, organic matter 40%, organic carbon 11%, Zn 145 mg kg–1, Cu 56 mg kg–1, Fe 380 mg kg–1 and Mg 228 mg kg–1), maxicrop sea gold (extract of sea weeds i.e., Sargasssum, Laminara Polysaccharide and Ascophyllum Nodosum), farm yard manure, NP (90: 60 kg ha–1), NP (120: 90 kg ha–1) and NP (150: 120 kg ha–1) were allotted to main plots while genotypes (Sandrina, Serenada and Kawe Terma) to the sub plots. Farm yard manure (10 t ha–1) and higo organic Plus (5 t ha–1) was incorporated in the soil before seed bed preparation. Maxicrop sea gold (5 lit ha–1) was sprayed after the emergence of the crop. All phosphorus was applied @ of 60, 90 and 120 kg ha–1 at the time of sowing while nitrogen @ of 90, 120 and 150 kg ha–1 in two splits/3 of the dose was applied at the time of sowing while the remaing 1/3 of the dose was applied before earthen up. Plots treated with application of NP ratio 120: 90 kg ha–1 produced maximum beet yield (76.4 t ha–1), sugar yield (11.1 t ha–1), Pol (polarizable sugar) percentage (14.67%) and more economic return (Rs.234 Thousand ha–1) as compared to control plots. Sugar beet genotype Serenada had significantly produced maximum beet yield (55.5 t ha–1), sugar yield (7.9 t ha–1), pol (polarizable sugar) percentage (14.60%), brix percentage (14.60%) and more economic return (158) as compared to other genotypes. It was concluded from the above results that sugar beet genotype Serenada treated with NP ratio 120: 90 kg ha–1 for improved sugar beet productivity and quality therefore it is recommended for general practice in agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar valley. 相似文献
2.
Weeds are abundant in nature having supreme growth characters over the other economic crop. Weeds show aggressive behavior in term of growth, development, reproduction and for water and nutrients uptake through which dominantly spread over the ground and reduced yield of the economic crop. Weeds frequency and density responded positively to phosphorous application and may retard the production potential of the economic crop. Therefore present study was established in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Agriculture Extension Demonstration plot Matta Circle Swat Pakistan, in summer 2014. Five levels of phosphorous (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha–1) with one control in the form of single super phosphate (SSP) and three cultivars of mungbean (SWAT-I, SWAT-II and NM-54) were used during the experiment. Results revealed that weeds density and phenological traits of mungbean varied with P2O5 application. A linear increase in weeds density was observed with increase in P2O5 levels. Fewer days to flowering (40 days) were observed in plots received P at the rate of 80 and 100 kg ha–1 followed by 60, 40, 20 and 0 kg P ha–1, while more (44 days) were recorded in control plots. In case of varieties late flowering (42 days) was observed in variety SWAT I followed by SWAT-II, while early flowering (41 days) was recorded in cultivar NM-54. Minimum days (48 days) to pods formation was noticed in P2O5 at the rate of 80 and 100 kg ha–1, while more days (52 days) to pod formation were recorded in control plots. In case of varieties NM-54 took less days (49 days) while SWAT-I were statistically at par. Highest plant height (73.9 cm) was recorded with 60 kg P ha–1 while at par plant height was noted at the rate of 80 and 100 kg P2O5 ha–1. Shorter plant height (57.3 cm) was recorded in control plots. Maximum leaves plant–1 (23) were noted at the rate of 80 kg ha–1, while control plots produced minimum number of leaves plant–1 (16). In case of mungbean varieties SWAT-I produce maximum leaves plant–1 (21) followed by SWAT-II (20), while NM-54 produced minimum leaves plant–1 (19). Biological yield (3978 kg ha–1) was obtained in the plots treated with 80 kg P ha–1 while the minimum biological yield (2668 kg ha–1) was recorded in control plots. Among the varieties SWAT-I produced maximum biological yield (3551 kg ha–1) followed by SWAT-II (3440 kg ha–1) and NM-54 (3317 kg ha–1) respectively. 相似文献
3.
Shahzad Ali Amanullah Jan Jia Zhikuan Amir Sohail Cai Tie Wei Ting Zhang Peng Manzoor Irshad Ahmad Mati Ur Rahman Ren Xiaolong Liu Xiaoli Xu Yue Yue 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2016,42(3-4):224-229
A field experiment was conducted on silty clay loam soil in the years 2011–2012. Two sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars (Local Black and Local White) were evaluated using various 3 different sowing dates (20th June, 10th and 30th July) and four agrotechnical level (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha–1) at New Developmental Farm The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing dates on growth, yield and oil fatty acid composition of two sesame cultivars grown under different nitrogen fertilization. Results showed that cv. Local Black was characterized by significantly higher content of oil (47%), seed yield (696 kg ha–1) and oil yield (335 kg ha–1) while cv. Local White had higher palmitic acid (8%) and linoleic acid (38.7%). Yield and its main components were positively affected by the earlier sowing date. With regard to fatty acid composition, a decrease in oleic and stearic acid and an increase in linoleic and palmitic acid were observed. At early sowing, oleic and palmitic acid decreased whereas linoleic and stearic acid increased. The decrease in the oleic/linoleic acid ratio observed at early sowing, suggests a possible role of temperature on the activity of oleate desaturase in the developing seeds. Intensive technology of cultivation (120 kg N ha–1), compared to the economical technology (40 kg N ha–1), significantly increased the seed yield of both sesame cultivars. This was due to higher number of branches, Capsules m–2, capsules plant–1, seeds capsule–1 and 1000 seed weight (g). The intensive technology of cultivation had a beneficial effect on the content of palmitic acid, linolenic acid and oleic acid in sesame seed. 相似文献
4.
Resynthesized rapeseeds obtained by crossing the diploid parents Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea have significant potential in hybrid breeding because of their higher genetic basis compared with Brassica napus cultivars. In this study, an 8 × 8 complete diallel experiment using four B. napus cultivars （BN） and four resynthesized rapeseed lines （RS） as parents was designed to study heterosis and genetic inheritance for yield components. The results showed that heterosis for yield per plant, the number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod were high, with means 32.77, 24.49 and 15.71%, respectively. Diallel analysis showed that both additive and dominant effects were significant for yield and yield components. All traits, except for 1 000-seed weight, were significant for bl mean squares and exhibited directional dominance. Dominant genes had positive effects on yield per plant, pods per plant and 1000-seed weight, and negative effects on seeds per pod （r=-0.86, -0.62, -0.41, and 0.47, respectively）. Narrow-sense heritability for yield per plant, pods per plant, and 1 000-seed weight and seeds per pod were 66, 31, 46 and 78% for the four traits, respectively. The Fl hybrids showed considerable yields compared to B. napus cultivars when B. napus cultivars and resynthesized rapeseeds were used as parents （NR hybrids）, with many more pods per plant and lower seeds per pod compared with the rapeseed cultivars, indicating that the resynthesized rapeseed may be applicable in current hybrid breeding programs. 相似文献
5.
Does heat accumulation alter crop phenology,fibre yield and fibre properties of sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) genotypes with changing seasons? 
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下载免费PDF全文 Field experiments were carried out in split plot design during the dry and wet seasons for two years(two seasons each in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018) with two genotypes(SH4 and SUIN053), two plant geometry(30×15 cm and 45×15 cm main plots) and three levels of NPK(20 kg N ha~(–1), 40 kg P ha~(–1) and 40 kg K ha~(–1); 20 kg N ha~(–1), 60 kg P ha~(–1) and 60 kg K ha~(–1); 20 kg N ha~(–1), 80 kg P ha~(–1) and 80 kg K ha~(–1)) with an objective to study the relationship between fibre yield of sunhmep and thermal indices. The results indicated that the thermal units such as cumulative heat unit(CHU), photo thermal unit(PTU) and helio thermal unit(HTU) were the highest during dry seasons, while relative temperature disparity(RTD) was the highest during wet seasons irrespective of the genotypes, plant geometry and fertilizer levels. The combined analysis of variance showed that the suitability of sunnhemp genotypes for obtaining fibre and seed yields varied with season. The results further indicated that sunnhemp grew during dry seasons with longer photoperiod and higher values of growing degree days(GDD), HTU and PTU resulted in a higher fibre yield, while a higher seed yield and relatively longer, finer and stronger fibres were obtained during wet seasons with higher RTD values. Regression analysis indicated that CHU was positively related to fibre yield, while RTD was positively related to seed yield. CHU beyond 2 000 °C d reduced seed yield and favoured fibre production. In contrary to CHU, RTD values were positively related to seed yield and negatively related to fibre yield. Similarly, HTU had an inverse relationship with fibre yield while PTU had a positive relationship with fibre yield. The genotype SH4 produced a seed yield of 1 361 kg ha~(–1) during wet seasons, which was significantly higher than SUIN053, while a fibre yield of 990 kg ha~(–1)(significantly higher than that of SH4) was obtained for SUIN053 that required less CHU to attain the phenological events during dry seasons. The per unit area yields of seed and fibre with the closer spacing(30 cm×15 cm) by virtue of higher plant density were 17.0 and 14.9% higher than those with the spacing of 45 cm×15 cm, respectively. Higher doses of P and K resulted in higher seed and fibre yields. 相似文献
6.
Optimizing agronomic practices for closing rapeseed yield gaps under intensive cropping systems in China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A yield gap analysis for rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) is critical to meeting the oil demand by identifying yield potential and yield constraints. In this study, potential yield(Y_p), attainable yield(Y_(att)), and actual yield(Y_(act)) for winter rapeseed were determined in five different zones of China. A boundary line approach was adopted to calculate Y_p, based on a large-scale field experimental database. A meta-analysis was conducted on the data obtained from 118 published studies to evaluate the effects of agronomic factors on rapeseed yield. The main results indicated that farmers only achieved 37–56% of the yield potential across the zones. The low altitude areas(L-URY) and lower reaches(LRY) of the Yangtze River Basin(YRB), China had high yield levels. The total yield gap was 1 893 kg ha~(–1), due to the agronomic management factors, environmental factors, and socioeconomic factors. The meta-analysis showed that weed control and drainage were the best management practices to improve yields(45.6 and 35.3%, respectively), and other practices improved yields by 17.1–21.6%. Consequently, to narrow the yield gap over the short term, the study could focus on techniques that are easily implemented to farmers. 相似文献
7.
施肥和花期渍水胁迫对油菜产量及其形成影响的模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】渍害是长江流域油菜生产中的主要农业气象灾害之一,本研究旨在定量分析不同氮肥水平油菜花期渍水胁迫对产量及产量构成的影响,为油菜生产中渍水胁迫的灾害评估与预测预警等提供科学依据。【方法】试验于2014-2016年在江苏省农业科学院院部试验农场进行,以宁油18和宁杂19为试验材料,在盆栽和池栽试验条件下模拟花期渍水,比较分析不同施肥条件下不同渍水时间对油菜产量形成的影响。其中,盆栽设置4个渍水持续时间（0、3、6、9 d）、2个施肥处理（包括无施肥（N0）和施肥组（N1）两个水平,N1施肥条件为：N 0.018 kg·m-2、P2O5 0.012 kg·m-2、K2O 0.018 kg·m-2和硼砂0.0015 kg·m-2）;池栽设置３个渍水持续时间（0、3、6 d）、2个施肥处理（同盆栽）。【结果】（1）在盆栽条件下,无施肥处理花期渍水3 d后,上述两品种单株产量和单株角果数显著减少,千粒重和角果粒数则大部分在渍水6 d甚至9 d才显著减少;施肥处理的上述两品种单株产量和单株角果数对渍水的响应存在明显差异,宁油18花期渍水3 d后单株产量显著下降,而宁杂19花期渍水6 d单株产量才开始显著下降。在池栽条件下,无施肥处理花期渍水6 d后宁油18单株产量显著减少,而宁杂19花期渍水3 d的后单株产量显著减少;施肥处理花期渍水6 d后上述两品种单株产量均显著减少。油菜籽粒产量、籽粒产量结构、收获指数均随花期渍水时间的增加而减少,其中单株角果数对花期渍水处理最敏感;（2）混合线性模型分析表明,花期渍水时间每增加1 d,收获指数下降0.008,单株角果数下降14.71,每角果粒数降低0.29,千粒重下降0.04 g,单株产量减少1.52 g/plant;从渍水时间与施肥的交互关系看,渍水3 d时,渍水与施肥的交互作用能显著提高产量3.17 g/plant,显著提高单株角果数39.16,能够缓解产量损失;当渍水6 d时,渍水与施肥交互作用有减少产量2.29 g/plant趋势,对产量结构也无显著影响;当渍水9 d时,渍水与施肥交互作用显著降低产量4.78 g/plant,加重产量损失。【结论】花期渍水胁迫明显减少油菜产量和产量结构,其中宁油18比宁杂19更敏感,盆栽比池栽更敏感,单株角果数比角粒数和千粒重更敏感。模型量化表明,短时间渍水胁迫下,施肥能够缓解渍水胁迫对产量、收获指数和角果数的负效应,随着渍水时间延长,施肥缓解渍水胁迫负效应的能力减弱,当渍水达到9 d时,无施肥和施肥处理下渍水对产量、收获指数和角果数的影响较一致;花期渍水时间每增加1 d,收获指数下降、单株角果数、每角果粒数、千粒重与单株产量均明显减少,在施肥条件下渍水3 d时,渍水对油菜的伤害程度较小,但渍水6 d和9 d时,施肥对渍水影响的缓解效果降低。在正常水分管理下,施肥能够显著提高产量及产量结构,但是随着渍水时间增加,施肥缓解渍水对产量的影响不断下降。 相似文献
8.
鲜食大豆鲜子产量与主要性状的灰色关联度分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
运用灰色系统理论,对江苏省6个鲜食大豆新品种的株高、主茎节数、分枝数、单株荚数、标准荚个数百分率、单株荚重、每千克标准荚数、标准荚重量百分率、鲜百粒重、出仁率、初花期花叶病病指、花荚期花叶病病指、鲜荚产量13个主要性状与鲜子产量进行灰色关联度分析。结果表明,各性状与鲜子产量的关联度依次为单株荚重标准荚个数百分率标准荚重量百分率鲜荚产量出仁率单株荚数主茎节数株高每千克标准荚数分枝数花荚期花叶病病指初花期花叶病病指鲜百粒重。 相似文献
9.
Seed Priming Influence on Early Crop Growth,Phenological Development and Yield Performance of Linola (Linum usitatissimum L.) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Hafeez ur Rehman Muhammad Qaiser Nawaz Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra Irfan Afzal Azra Yasmeen Fayyaz ul-Hassan 《农业科学学报》2014,13(5):990-996
Reduced early crop growth and limited branching are amongst yield limiting factors of linola. Field response of seed priming treatments viz. 50 mmol L−1 salicylic acid (SA), 2.2% CaCl2 and 3.3% moringa leaf extract (MLE) including untreated dry and hydropriming controls was evaluated on early crop growth and yield performance of linola. Osmopriming with CaCl2 reduced emergence time and produced the highest seedling fresh and dry weights including Chl. a contents. Osmopriming with CaCl2 reduced crop branching and flowering and maturity times and had the maximum plant height, number of branches, tillers, pods and seeds per pod followed by MLE. Increase in seed weight, biological and seed yields was 9.30, 34.16 and 39.49%, harvest index (4.12%) and oil contents (13.39%) for CaCl2 osmopriming. Positive relationship between emergence and seedling vigor traits, 100-seed weight, seed yield with maturity time, 100-seed weight and seed yield were found. The study concludes that seed osmopriming with CaCl2 or MLE can play significant role to improve early crop growth and seed yields of linola. 相似文献
10.
不同播期、密度和施肥量对保豆3号农艺性状影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在2个地点采用裂区设计,研究3个播期、4个种植密度和3种施肥水平对保豆3号农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明,早播可增加单株有效荚数和单株粒质量,获得较高产量;增加密度可减少植株主茎节数、分枝数、有效荚数和单株粒质量;增加施肥量可增加单株有效荚数和单株粒质量。保豆3号的夏播高产栽培技术为:土壤肥力较高的地区在6月17日左右播种,密度22.5×104 hm-2,施肥量为尿素60.0kg/hm2+磷酸二铵90.0kg/hm2+氯化钾75.0kg/hm2;土壤肥力较低的地区在6月10日左右播种,密度22.5×104hm-2,施肥量为尿素90.0kg/hm2+磷酸二铵135.0kg/hm2+氯化钾112.5kg/hm2。 相似文献
11.
油菜专用控释尿素用量对冬油菜产量和氮素吸收的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
【目的】明确不同冬油菜种植区域油菜专用控释尿素用量对冬油菜产量和氮素吸收的影响,验证油菜专用控释尿素一次性施用的可行性和适宜用量,为指导冬油菜轻简化生产提供依据。【方法】于2015-2016年分别开展油菜专用控释尿素静水释放试验和田间埋袋养分释放以及控释尿素用量施用效果田间试验。油菜专用控释尿素用量试验布置于冬油菜3个主产地区--湖南衡阳、江西九江和湖北武穴。试验共设5个氮肥用量梯度,分别为0、60、120、180和240 kg N·hm-2,探究油菜专用控释尿素对不同区域冬油菜产量和氮素吸收的影响。【结果】田间埋袋试验结果表明,油菜专用控释尿素的缓释期在150 d左右,累积释放量为83.4%,与冬油菜氮素需求吻合。施用油菜专用控释尿素可以调控收获密度,增加冬油菜的单株角果数和每角粒数。与不施氮处理相比,单株角果数、每角粒数分别增加15.0-81.5角/株和0.2-2.4粒/角,收获密度随氮肥用量增加或降低协调群体与个体。3个产地的籽粒产量均在施氮量达到180 kg N·hm-2时最高,分别较不施氮增产1 118、1 088和2 049 kg·hm-2。用线性加平台模型拟合的最佳控释尿素用量,湖南衡阳、江西九江和湖北武穴分别为174、180和192 kg N·hm-2。油菜专用控释尿素施用显著增加地上部生物量、氮素含量和氮素积累量。在收获期时,随氮肥用量增加,茎秆中的氮素分配比例逐渐增加,籽粒中氮素积累分配比例减小,而角壳的氮素分配比例保持在10%左右。不同时期氮肥利用率存在差异,苗期最小,花期最大,收获期居中,分别为19.20%-23.45%、50.69%-56.89%和39.39%-46.71%。苗期和花期的氮肥利用率随着施氮量的增加,出现先增加后降低的趋势,在控释尿素用量为180 kg N·hm-2时达到最大;收获期的氮肥利用率随着施氮量的增加呈降低趋势。【结论】油菜专用控释尿素一次性施用可以增加油菜各生育时期的氮素吸收、促进油菜生长发育,提高收获密度、单株角果数和每角粒数,增加油菜产量。不同冬油菜主产区所需专用控释尿素推荐用量差异不大,平均为180 kg N·hm-2。 相似文献
12.
The requirements and key characteristics for breeding winter rapeseed for the temperate/forest zone are formulated on the basis of agritechnical and climatic conditions. Assessment of the stock material discovered the sources of the valuable agronomic traits, such as winter hardiness, seed quality, and productivity. Freezing in a climate-controlled growth room was used along with geographically diverse intravariety hybridization for subsequent selection of the most winter-hardy specimen. Use of parental forms that provide both high yields and superb seed quality resulted in a number of varieties combining winter hardiness with good harvesting features. As a result, winter rapeseed cultivars yielding a capacity of 6.0–6.5 t of seeds ha–1 and oil content of 44–48% with low glucosinolates and zero erucic acid content were created, thus opening vaster cultivation areas for the crop. Using the cultivars created by the All-Russia Williams Fodder Research Institute for further breeding facilitates a more sustainable and economically efficient oilseed production, expanding the cultivation areas of winter rapeseed in the European center of Russia, providing high-quality cooking oil and energy feed additives for animal husbandry. 相似文献
13.
采用ADM模型及MINQUE(1)统计方法对6个不同遗传背景的紧凑型和松散型油菜品种(系)及其30个F1组合的14个数量性状进行了遗传和杂种优势分析。结果表明,株高、有效分枝高度、一次分枝角果数、主花序角果数、单株角果数、角果粒数、千粒重、角果长度和分枝夹角等性状同时受基因的加性和显性作用控制,其中株高的显性作用大于加性作用,其余性状的加性效应大于显性效应。主花序长度、一次分枝数、角果宽度和一次分枝长主要受基因加性效应控制;单株角果数、角果粒数、千粒重和角果长度4个性状除受核基因控制外,还受到母体基因型的显著影响。一次分枝数、一次分枝角果数和分枝夹角的F1和F2代群体平均优势为负向优势,其中仅分枝夹角达极显著水平,其余性状均为正向杂种优势。F1代群体正向超亲优势仅株高和单株产量达到显著水平,且以单株产量的F1、F2代超亲优势较大(29.5%和12.0%)。分枝夹角的F1和F2代负向超亲优势达极显著水平(-20.6%和-17.7%),表明配制紧凑型F1代杂交种仅需一个紧凑型亲本。 相似文献
14.
为探明滴水量对大豆花荚形成的影响规律,于2013和2014年在田间研究了W1(975 m3/hm2、900m3/hm2)、W2(1 575 m3/hm2、1 725 m3/hm2)、W3(2 175 m3/hm2、2 550 m3/hm2)、W4(2 755 m3/hm2、3 375m3/hm2)4种滴水量(头水盛花期)处理对0~40cm土壤含水量和新大豆27开花、结荚动态及产量的影响。结果表明:增加滴水量会直接增加0~40cm土层含水量,提高含水量下限;W4处理下花期较W1延长2d、开花节数增加1节、明显增加主茎10~15节的花数,W4处理下单株花数和单位面积总花数分别较W1增加9.9%~35.5%和17.0%~30.9%;W4下部茎节的成荚速度较W1降低、延长结荚期1~5d、增加10~15茎节成荚数,W4单株荚数、单位面积总腔数、产量分别较W1增加15.9%~37.3%、21.0%~26.3%和27.6%~78.0%。增加花荚期滴水量增产的重要原因是增加花数和荚数。新疆伊宁春大豆盛花期滴头水,鼓粒中期滴末水,生育期间滴水4次,每次滴水600~750 m3/hm2,总滴水量2 550~2 775 m3/hm2,可获得产量5 388.3~6 404.7kg/hm2,其总花数为3 000.4~3 042.0朵/hm2,总腔数为2 436.5~2 978.8个/hm2。 相似文献
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施硼量对油菜产量及硼肥利用率的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2015—2016年,在贵州省铜仁学院试验基地,以华杂9号和中双11号为试验材料,设置5个硼肥施用量处理,即B0(0 kg/hm~2)、B1(3.75 kg/hm~2)、B2(7.50 kg/hm~2)、B3(15.00 kg/hm~2)和B4(30.00 kg/hm~2),研究硼肥施用量对油菜产量、产量构成因子以及硼肥利用率的影响。结果表明:增施硼肥可提高油菜植株茎粗、分枝数、分枝角果数和单株角果数等性状参数值;对每角粒数、籽粒产量、角果皮产量、地上部产量影响显著;油菜各部位的硼素含量及硼素累积量随着施硼量的增加而不断提高;施硼量在3.75～30.00 kg/hm~2,B1处理硼肥的表观利用率、农学利用率和生理利用率最高,其次是B3处理的;综合油菜的农艺性状、产量及硼肥的利用效率考虑,推荐贵州省油菜种植区的硼肥使用量为15.00 kg/hm~2左右。 相似文献
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种植密度对秦优7号农艺性状、产量及品质的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
通过田间试验,研究了种植密度、不同的角果着生部位对秦优7号籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明:种植密度由22.5万株/hm2增加到30万株/hm2,株高、分枝部位、分枝数、主花序长度、结果密度、主花序角果数、分枝角果数、主花序角粒数、分枝角粒数、主花序产量、分枝产量均有所降低,密度优势明显,主花序优势明显,产量增加23.07%。在相同密度下,秦优7号的亚油酸、亚麻酸、饱和脂肪酸、硫苷的变化,总是主花序高于分枝;按角果同一着生部位籽粒中油酸、亚麻酸、饱和脂肪酸、硫苷、含油量的变化,22.5万株/hm2密度处理的高于30万株/hm2,而蛋白质的变化则相反。因此,可以通过适当增加秦优7号的种植密度,凭借高密度优势、角粒数优势、千粒重优势,主花序的增产优势,协调好个体与群体的关系,可充分发挥秦优7号的增产优势、获得高产,增加产油量。此外,适当增加密度还可以有效降低株高,减少单株有效角果数,有利于机械收割操作和减少损失。 相似文献
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Effects of salt and nitrogen on physiological indices and carbon isotope discrimination of wheat cultivars in the northeast of Iran 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In order to study the effects of different levels of salt stress and nitrogen(N) on physiological mechanisms,carbon isotope discrimination(△~(13)C),and yield of two wheat cultivars(cv.),a two-year field experiment was carried out during 2013-2015.The treatments included three levels of salt stress(1.3,5.2,and 10.5 dS m~(-1)),three levels of N(50,100,and 150 kg N ha~(-1)),and two wheat cultivars,Bam and Toos.Under salt stress,N application(100 and 150 kg N ha~(-1)) produced a significant effect on both cultivars with respect to physiological traits,i.e.,net photosynthetic rate(P_n),stomatal conductance(g_s),chlorophyll index(Cl),Na~+/K~+ratio as well as the grain yield(GY).The salt-tolerant and-sensitive cultivars exhibited the maximum values of physio-biochemical and yield attributes at 100 and 150 kg N ha~(-1),respectively.The results of △~(13)C showed a significant difference(P0.001) between wheat cultivars under the control and salt stress.According to our result,salt-tolerant cultivar Bam seems to be more efficient in terms of higher GY,P_n,g_s,Cl,and lower Na~+/K~+ratio as well as higher △~(13)C as compared with salt-sensitive cultivar Toos,under salt stress.Therefore,a significant positive correlation that observed between △~(13)C and GY,indicated that △~(13)C may be an effective index for indirect selection of yield potential in wheat under irrigation regimes with saline water. 相似文献
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Single-seed sowing increased pod yield at a reduced seeding rate by improving root physiological state of Arachis hypogaea 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LIANG Xiao-yan GUO Feng FENG Ye ZHANG Jia-lei YANG Sha MENG Jing-jing LI Xin-guo WAN Shu-bo 《农业科学学报》2020,19(4):1019-1032
Double-seed sowing(two seeds per hole) is the dominant pattern of peanut sowing in China, but within-hole plant competition usually limits their growth and yield formation. Besides, the traditional double-seed sowing method does not facilitate mechanization during sowing. The objective of this study was to determine if single-seed sowing at a proper seeding rate yielded better than traditional double-seed sowing pattern and the differences of physiological metabolism of roots. A field experiment was conducted in two consecutive years to compare pod yields of single-seed sowing at 180 000(S180), 225 000(S225), and 270 000 seeds ha~(–1)(S270) with that of double-seed sowing at 270 000 seeds ha~(–1)(D270) using a completely randomized block design with four replications. And the root bleeding sap rate, nutrient content, and the main hormone contents in root bleeding sap were also comparatively investigated. Although the pod yields of single-seed sowing at the three densities were higher than that of traditional double-seed sowing(D270), S225 yielded better than the other two single-seed sowing treatments(S180 and S270). The increased pod yield in single-seed sowing at 225 000 seeds ha~(–1) was mainly due to the higher pod dry weight per plant and harvest index. The improved pod dry weight and shoot growth had closely relationship with the enhanced root physiological traits such as the increased root bleeding sap rate, content of free amino acids, soluble sugars, K~+, Mg~(2+), Zn~(2+), and Ca~(2+) of the individual plant root. The improved activity of root reductive, nitrate reductase(NR) and ATPase and higher zeatin and zeatin riboside(Z+ZR) content of root bleeding sap were alsocrucial to the pod and shoot growth of peanut. Single-seed sowing at a moderate seeding rate(S225) is a potential practice to increase pod yield and to save seed cost. 相似文献
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Effects of Plant Density on Yield and Canopy Micro Environment in Hybrid Cotton 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A rational plant population is an important attribute to high yield of cotton, because it can provide a beneficial micro environment within the canopy for plant growth and development as well as yield formation. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted to determine the optimal plant density based on cotton yield in relation to the canopy micro environment （canopy temperature, relative humidity and light transmittance）. Six plant densities （1.2-5.7 plants m^-2） were arranged with a completely randomized block design. The highest cotton yield （1 507 kg ha^-1） was obtained at 3.0 plants m^-2 due to more bolls per unit ground area （79 bolls m2）, while the lowest yield （1 091 kg ha1） was obtained at 1.2 plants m^-2. Under the moderate plant density （3.0 plants m^-2）, there was a lower mean daily temperature （MDT, 27. 1℃） attributing to medium daily minimum temperature （Train, 21.9℃） and the lowest daily maximum temperature （Tmax, 35.8℃）, a moderate mean canopy light transmittance of 0.51, and lower mean daily relative humidity （MRH） of 79.7% from June to October. The results suggest that 3.0 plants m^-2 would be the optimal plant density because it provides a better canopy micro environment. 相似文献