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赤霉病是我国小麦上的重要病害,品种抗病性利用是控制病害发生的重要措施,明确小麦抗赤霉病资源的抗性类型,有利于小麦抗赤霉病育种。2003年和2004年对9个常用抗源在穗期进行单花滴注和喷雾接种,研究其抗侵染和抗扩展性,并对病穗中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的含量进行分析。结果表明,望水白和苏麦3号具较好的抗侵染和抗扩展能力,其中望水白的抗扩展性最好;感染赤霉病后,DON在5个抗源穗组织中的含量差异显著,DON在望水白和繁60096穗组织中积累量明显比在苏麦3号、延岗坊主和翻山小麦低。通过对望水白/安农8455遗传群体两年的病小穗率和病穗中DON毒素含量的比较,发现二者具有一定的相关性,且受环境影响比较大。 相似文献
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小麦抗赤霉病3B-QTL和6B-QTL的遗传互作模式分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确来自抗赤霉病的小麦品种望水白的2个主效抗扩展3B-QTL和6B-QTL的抗性遗传和互作模式,基于分子标记辅助选择方法,构建了回交分离群体,以病小穗数(NDS)和病轴长(LDR)为鉴定指标,采用单花滴注接种法对携带3B-QTL和6B-QTL的BC_3F_1、BC_3F_2、BC_3F_3世代以及抗感对照进行了抗赤霉病扩展的表型鉴定和评价。结果表明,3B-QTL和6B-QTL在烟农19和矮抗58不同的背景中,杂合基因型与纯合望水白基因型之间的NDS和LDR差异显著;携带3B-QTL和6B-QTL株系的抗扩展性与只含有单个3B-QTL的株系无显著差异,但显著高于只携带单个6B-QTL株系的抗性,抗感分离比经卡方检验符合4∶3∶9的分离比例,遵循2个独立孟德尔遗传因子控制的隐性遗传模式,且3B-QTL隐性上位于6B-QTL。研究表明,望水白的3B-QTL和6B-QTL抗扩展效应强且稳定,可以作为抗赤霉病基因资源在育种实践中充分利用。 相似文献
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本研究采用单小花滴注和喷雾接种方法对3个抗病品种(‘望水白’、‘苏麦3号’、‘扬麦16’)和3个感病品种(‘周麦18’、‘矮抗58’、‘豫保1号’)的赤霉病抗性进行分析,并用ELISA测定了籽粒、颖壳和穗轴中的DON毒素水平。结果表明:两种方法接种后第20天,除‘望水白’外,抗病品种的病级日扩展速率和病小穗率都显著低于感病品种(P0.05);单小花滴注接种条件下,除‘周麦18’的籽粒和‘矮抗58’的穗轴外,抗病品种的籽粒、颖壳、穗轴中的DON毒素含量显著低于感病品种的籽粒、颖壳、穗轴中的DON毒素含量(P0.05);而喷雾接种条件下,抗病品种与感病品种的籽粒、颖壳中的DON毒素含量差异不显著,而穗轴中的DON毒素含量差异显著(P0.05)。除个别情况外,6个品种中,籽粒中DON毒素水平颖壳中DON毒素水平穗轴中DON毒素水平(P0.05)。 相似文献
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为明确黄淮南片麦区主栽小麦品种对赤霉病的抗性水平。采用人工接种鉴定的方法对黄淮南片的河南、安徽、陕西和江苏四省的65份主栽小麦品种进行赤霉病抗性鉴定,经土表接种抗侵染型鉴定,中抗品种有‘徐农0029’、‘西农511’和‘保麦6号’,中感品种有‘徐麦31’、‘瑞华520’和‘西农3517’等18份,高感品种44份;经单花滴注接种抗扩展型鉴定,中抗品种为‘西农511’,中感品种有‘烟5158’、‘西农889’、‘西农2000’等14份,高感品种50份。由此可见,黄淮南片麦区主栽小麦品种对赤霉病抗性普遍较差,建议根据各地赤霉病发生程度,选择适宜抗性指标,结合现代育种技术,逐步提高主栽小麦品种的抗性水平。 相似文献
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胆碱为大麦体内存在的一种生化物质,对真菌具有刺激性。通过体外胆碱对小麦赤霉病菌孢子萌发、生长和致病性测试结果表明:在0.05——1％浓度范围和26℃处理4小时,对赤霉病菌孢子萌发、芽管伸长度、菌丝体生长势均有一定的作用,以0.1——0.5％浓度效果最佳,26℃处理4小时为适。直接使用0.5％、1％浓度胆碱液配制菌液单花注射接种,对赤霉病菌的致病力有一定增强作用,潜期缩短、病情等级提高。用10——1000PPM不同浓度胆碱液喷射麦株后,花期单花注射接种,在抗病品种上表现,随喷施浓度的提高、次数的增加,病指日增长率提高,扩展速度加快,而在感病品种上则不尽一致,这为品种抗性与体内胆碱的关系研究提供了线索。 相似文献
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本研究明确了黄淮冬麦区主栽小麦品种对赤霉病的抗侵染、抗扩展、抗毒素积累和抗籽粒侵染能力以及几种抗性之间的相互关系,并检测了各品种是否带有FHB1抗性基因,旨在为该区小麦赤霉病抗性鉴定评价、抗性品种培育和利用提供科学依据。小麦赤霉病综合抗性鉴定结果表明:22个黄淮冬麦区主栽品种中,有20个为感病品种,只有‘郑麦9023’和‘西农979’为中感品种,所有品种均不含FHB1基因;长江中下游麦区的9个品种中,‘扬麦17’和‘宁麦9号’等6个品种表现中抗,‘扬麦23’表现中感,‘苏麦3号’和‘扬麦21’表现抗,‘扬麦14’‘扬麦17’和‘扬麦23’不含有FHB1基因,其他品种均含FHB1基因。小麦品种的抗扩展能力与抗侵染能力无显著相关性(r=0.27,P0.05);两种接种条件下小麦品种的病粒率与抗脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素积累能力呈极显著正相关(r=0.86,P0.01;r=0.88,P0.01);单小花滴注法接种条件下,小麦品种的平均病级与病粒率和籽粒中DON含量都呈极显著正相关(r=0.71,P0.01;r=0.81,P0.01);喷雾接种条件下,小麦品种的病小穗率与平均病级、病粒率、籽粒中DON含量和ZEN含量都呈极显著正相关(r=0.78,P0.01;r=0.73,P0.01;r=0.78,P0.01;r=0.63,P0.01)。在毒素积累抗性上,DON含量和ZEN含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.70,P0.01)。在目前黄淮冬麦区没有中抗品种的情况下,可以增加育种和鉴定目标为抗籽粒侵染和抗毒素积累的品种,在小麦品种推广过程中加以运用,可以达到较好的效果。 相似文献
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为研究小麦UDP-葡萄糖基转移酶7(UDP-glycosyltransferase 7,TaUGT7)的抗赤霉病功能,利用DNAMAN 6.0软件对Ta UGT7及其同源蛋白进行序列比对,应用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)技术分析经赤霉菌Fusarium graminearum和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol,DON）处理后的苏麦3号小穗中TaUGT7基因的表达特征,利用基因枪在洋葱表皮细胞瞬时表达TaUGT7-eGFP进行亚细胞定位,采用农杆菌介导法在小麦品种Fielder中过量表达TaUGT7基因并进行赤霉病抗性鉴定。结果表明,TaUGT7在氨基酸序列上与已知赤霉病抗性相关UGT相似性较低;TaUGT7在赤霉菌接种24 h后开始被诱导表达,在DON处理2 h后逐步被诱导表达;Ta UGT7蛋白亚细胞定位于细胞膜和细胞核中;qRT-PCR检测发现,TaUGT7在8株独立的过表达转基因株系中均有不同程度的上调表达;与野生型对照相比,过表达株系TaUGT7-395和TaUGT7-457中的平均病小穗率显著下降。... 相似文献
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本文研究了栽培大麦×纤毛鹅观草属间杂种后代60个系群及其亲本在接菌条件下的抗赤霉病表现。从每穗发病百分率、发病动态进程和穗轴病变率等多个侧面对属间杂种后代系的抗性进行了分析。结果表明:1.发病百分率:参试各系未出现高抗(小穗受害率< 3.93%)和高感(小穗受害率> 57.3%)的类型。后代系属R级(抗病)的共7系,占11.7%;属MR级(中抗)的共25系,占41.7%;其余28系属MS级(中感)和S级(感染),占46.7%。当按病情指数来划分时,则R级和MR级所占比例更大。2.变动系数:属抗病级的各系,在接菌后第8 d的第一次调查中,基本上未发病,以后各期的变动系数均小;属感病级的各系,第一次调查时感病就重,以后各期的变动系数也高。3.属抗病的各系,穗轴节的病变最轻,感病各系较重,大麦亲本最重。此外,还讨论了作物对赤霉病抗性的机理、抗性级别划分标准和属间基因转移等问题。 相似文献
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Quantitative trait loci for resistance to fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in Wangshuibai wheat under field conditions 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
H. X. Ma K. M. Zhang L. Gao G. H. Bai H. G. Chen Z. X. Cai W. Z. Lu 《Plant pathology》2006,55(6):739-745
Wangshuibai is a Chinese landrace wheat with a high level of resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation. Using an F7 population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between Wangshuibai and Annong 8455 for molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FHB resistance, the proportion of scabbed spikelets (PSS) and DON content were assessed under field conditions. Composite interval mapping revealed that two and three QTL were significantly associated with low PSS and low DON content, respectively, over 2 years. QTL on chromosomes 3B and 2A explained 17 and 11·5%, respectively, of the phenotypic variance for low PSS, whereas QTL on chromosomes 5A, 2A and 3B explained 12·4, 8·5 and 6·2%, respectively, of the phenotypic variance for low DON content. The 3B QTL appeared to be associated mainly with low PSS, and the 5A QTL primarily with low DON content in Wangshuibai. The 2A QTL had minor effects on both low PSS and DON content. Microsatellite and AFLP markers linked to these QTL should be useful for marker-assisted selection of QTL for low PSS and low DNA content from Wangshuibai. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab), caused by Fusarium graminearum or F. culmorum, results in yield and quality reductions and accumulation of mycotoxins. Two inoculation methods are commonly used. Spraying a spore suspension on the head (spray inoculation) will detect resistance to initial infection (type I) and to disease spread within the spike (type II). Injecting a spore suspension into individual florets (point inoculation) will detect type II resistance only. To analyze the association of spray and point inoculation, 20 elite winter wheat cultivars from Romania, Germany, and Switzerland were inoculated in factorial field experiments in seven environments (location x year combinations) in Germany and Romania. Response to FHB was assessed by the percentage of visually infected spikelets and head weight relative to the noninoculated control. Point and spray inoculations resulted in a mean disease severity varying from 52 to 63%. Significant (P = 0.01) genotypic variation was found within and across the environments. Genotype-environment interaction was important also. Estimates of entry-mean heritability were higher for spray than for point inoculation as assessed by percent infected spikelets (0.81 versus 0.77) and relative head weight (0.77 versus 0.52). Significant (P = 0.01) interaction was found between inoculation methods. Consequently, coefficients of phenotypic correlation between both methods were low to medium for percent infected spikelets (0.40, P > 0.1) and relative head weight (0.52, P = 0.05). We conclude that the application of both inoculation methods should provide additional information for selection and scientific studies. Spray inoculation, however, is less laborious for large-scale routine screening of breeding materials. 相似文献
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N. Gosman† Srinivasachary A. Steed E. Chandler M. Thomsett P. Nicholson 《Plant pathology》2010,59(1):147-157
A series of experiments was conducted to determine whether type I resistance (resistance to initial infection) to fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat could be assessed using fungal species/isolates that do not produce deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin critical to the spread of Fusarium graminearum in the wheat spike. It was shown that, while the non-toxin-producing species Microdochium nivale and M. majus could infect following spray inoculation of wheat spikes, they were unable to spread within the spike following point inoculation. However, although these species might reveal type I resistance, they are not highly pathogenic towards wheat. A nivalenol (NIV)-producing isolate of F. graminearum caused high levels of disease following spray inoculation, but spread only very slowly within the spike and rarely induced bleaching above the point of inoculation. It is proposed that spray inoculation with an appropriate, aggressive, non-DON-producing FHB pathogen may be used to characterize type I resistance to complement point inoculation with a DON-producing isolate to assess type II resistance (resistance to spread within the spike). 相似文献
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ABSTRACT One of the major concerns with Fusarium head blight (FHB) of barley is the potential health risks to livestock and humans through the accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in infected grain. To define the role of the host in DON accumulation during the early stages of disease development, we conducted a series of greenhouse experiments. We inoculated single spikelets of greenhouse-grown plants with Fusarium graminearum, moved the plants to a dew chamber, and harvested the inoculated spikelets after 72 h for DON analysis. We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using a genetic mapping population, constructed with the parents Stander and Frederickson, that segregated for DON accumulation after single-spikelet inoculation in two experiments. A single QTL on chromosome 3 explained 18 and 35% of the phenotypic variation in the two experiments. To validate this QTL for DON accumulation, we used a DNA marker to select near-isogenic lines from a family from the mapping population that was segregating at this QTL. Disease symptom development was similar between the nearisogenic lines; however, the mean DON concentration of the lines homozygous for the allele from the high DON parent was 2.5-fold more than the lines homozygous for the alternate allele. A time course experiment showed that this effect on toxin accumulation was observed at 10 days post inoculation. The near-isogenic lines developed in this study should prove useful for further exploration of the role of DON in FHB. 相似文献
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Use of diverse sources of Fusarium head blight (FHB)-resistant germplasm in breeding may significantly improve wheat resistance to FHB. Wangshuibai is an FHB-resistant Chinese landrace unrelated to cv. Sumai 3, the most commonly used FHB-resistant source. In all, 139 F(6) recombinant inbred lines were developed from a cross between Wangshuibai and an FHB-susceptible cultivar, Wheaton, to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for wheat resistance to initial infection (type I resistance), spread of FHB symptoms within a spike (type II resistance), and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation (type III resistance) in infected grain. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at Manhattan, KS from 2003 to 2005. More than 1,300 simple-sequence repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were analyzed in this population. Five QTL for type I resistance were detected on chromosomes 3AS, 3BS, 4B, 5AS, and 5DL after spray inoculation; seven QTL for type II resistance were identified on chromosomes 1A, 3BS, 3DL, 5AS, 5DL, and 7AL after point inoculation; and seven QTL for type III resistance were detected on chromosomes 1A, 1BL, 3BS, 5AS, 5DL, and 7AL with the data from both inoculation methods. These QTL jointly explained up to 31.7, 64, and 52.8% of the phenotypic variation for the three types of FHB resistance, respectively. The narrow-sense heritabilities were low for type I resistance (0.37 to 0.41) but moderately high for type II resistance (0.45 to 0.61) and type III resistance (0.44 to 0.67). The QTL on the distal end of 3BS, 5AS, and 5DL contributed to all three types of resistance. Two QTL, on 7AL and 1A, as well as one QTL near the centromere of 3BS (3BSc), showed effects on both type II and type III resistance. Selection for type II resistance may simultaneously improve type I and type III resistance as well. The QTL for FHB resistance identified in Wangshuibai have potential to be used to pyramid FHB-resistance QTL from different sources. 相似文献
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Carlotta Balconi Chiara Lanzanova Elena Conti Tiziana Triulzi Fabio Forlani Marzia Cattaneo Elisabetta Lupotto 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(2):129-140
The maize gene b-32, normally expressed in the maize (Zea mays) endosperm, encodes for a RIP (Ribosome Inactivating Protein) characterised by antifungal activity. Transgenic wheat plants
were obtained via biolistic transformation, in which the b-32 gene is driven by the 35SCaMV promoter in association with the bar gene as a selectable marker. Plants were brought to homozygosity through genetic analysis of progeny and pathogenicity tests
were performed on the fourth generation. Six homozygous b-32 wheat lines were characterised. All plants had a normal phenotype,
not distinguishable from the control cv. Veery except for slightly smaller size, flowered and set seeds. Western blot analyses
confirmed b-32 expression during the plant life cycle in the various tissues. Each line differed in the b-32 content in leaf
protein extracts and the transgenic protein expression level was maintained at least up to 10 days after anthesis. Pathogenicity
tests for Fusarium head blight (FHB) were performed on the b-32 transgenic wheat lines in comparison to the parental cv. Veery.
Resistance to FHB was evaluated by the single floret injection inoculation method on immature spikes with spores of Fusarium culmorum. In all the transgenic lines, a similar reduction in FHB symptoms, not dependent on the level of b-32 protein, has been observed
(20% and 30% relative to the control, respectively 7 and 14 days after inoculation). Percentage of tombstone kernels at maturity
was also recorded; in all transgenic lines disease control for this parameter was around 25%. The data obtained indicate that
maize b-32 was effective as in vivo antifungal protein reducing FHB symptoms in wheat lines expressing the maize RIP protein. 相似文献
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Identification and characterization of international Fusarium head blight screening nurseries of wheat at CIMMYT, Mexico 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xinyao He Pawan K. Singh Etienne Duveiller Norbert Schlang Susanne Dreisigacker Ravi P. Singh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(1):123-134
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat to wheat production globally, causing not only yield losses but also food and feed contamination. FHB research began at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in the early 1980’s, and since then, large-scale FHB screening has been conducted to identify and incorporate new resistance genes into elite CIMMYT germplasm. Promising lines with good FHB resistance were regularly compiled as a Fusarium Head Blight Screening Nursery (FHBSN) and distributed worldwide. The first FHBSN was assembled in 1985, and the most recent two were the 13th and 14th FHBSN that were released in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Candidate lines for a FHBSN came mainly from different CIMMYT wheat breeding programs and were tested for three consecutive years before being included in an FHBSN. FHBSN screening was conducted under strictly standardized field conditions at El Batán, where CIMMYT headquarters is located, using artificial inoculation of F. graminearum strains, whose aggressiveness and DON chemotypes had been previously identified. FHB index was scored at 31 days after inoculation for all lines and DON concentration was measured only for elite lines in their 2nd and 3rd year of evaluation. Haplotyping is a new tool for genetic characterization of FHBSN entries and helps to identify new resistance sources with novel resistance genes and to better target crosses toward diversifying and/or pyramiding resistance. The 13th FHBSN was taken as an example in this paper to show the procedure and strategy for the development of new FHB resistant lines. 相似文献