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1.
为解析小麦硝酸盐转运蛋白基因 TaNRT1.1的生物学功能,本研究通过同源克隆的方法从普通小麦中克隆了小麦硝酸盐转运蛋白基因 TaNRT1.1(TaNRT1.1-1A、 TaNRT1.1-1B和 TaNRT1.1-1D)。生物信息学分析表明,这三个同源基因编码的蛋白均为疏水蛋白,含有丰富的α-螺旋和无未见则卷曲,主要定位于质膜上。小麦不同组织qRT-PCR分析表明, TaNRT1.1-1A和 TaNRT1.1-1B基因在根中表达量最高,其次是叶和茎, TaNRT1.1-1D基因在茎中表达量最高,其次是叶和根。因此,推测 TaNRT1.1-1A和 TaNRT1.1-1B基因在硝酸盐吸收过程中发挥了重要作用, TaNRT1.1-1D基因在硝酸盐转运过程中发挥了重要作用。通过对小麦 TaNRT1.1基因多态性筛选发现,在 TaNRT1.1-1A基因启动子上游1 120 bp的位置有一个8 bp(TGCATGCA)的插入位点,该位点可能与小麦氮利用效率相关。不同氮利用效率小麦品种qRT-PCR分析结果表明,氮高效小麦品种（基因型为 TaNRT1.1-1A-b）苗期根中 TaNRT1.1-1A基因的相对表达量显著高于氮低效小麦品种（基因型为 TaNRT1.1-1A-a）。 相似文献
2.
高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMWGS）对小麦面粉加工品质有促进作用,尤其是GluD1d 基因编码的1Dx5+1Dy10亚基能增加面团的筋度和弹性。小麦背景中的1BL·1RS易位对小麦面粉加工品质有显著的负面影响。因此,在小麦品质育种中如何判定小麦背景中是否含有1BL·1RS易位和HMWGS的GluD1d基因具有重要意义。本研究利用3对分别检测1BL·1RS易位、GluB3和GluD1位点的共显性特异标记,结合SDSPAGE鉴定,对16份已知遗传背景和GluD1x等位基因材料及38株（周麦18×烟农19）F2群体进行了分析,探索出适合同时鉴定小麦背景中1BL·1RS易位和GluD1d基因的多重PCR技术实验体系,并采用该体系对国内外352份小麦品种（系）进行了鉴定。结果表明,该体系是同时鉴定小麦背景中1BL·1RS易位和GluD1d基因的一种非常有效、简便可行的实验方法,可在标记辅助选择（MAS）育种中应用。 相似文献
3.
多重PCR结合变性高效液相色谱技术转基因小麦检测方法的建立 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了满足对小麦转基因成分高通量快速检测的需要,建立了一种新的转基因小麦检测方法。通过对不同稀释倍数的转基因小麦品系B7361中的内源基因Wx012、外源基因ubiquitin、bar、nos、uidA进行单一PCR和多重PCR扩增,应用琼脂糖凝胶和变性高效液相色谱（DHPLC,denaturing high performance liquid chromatography）技术分离PCR 产物,进行灵敏度分析,并用非转基因小麦京花1号籽粒、大豆籽粒、麦片、转基因小麦B7361加工成的油炸制品为样本,对建立的检测体系进行检测。结果表明,样品经多重PCR扩增和DHPLC分离后,能够得到准确可靠的转基因图谱。与凝胶电泳方法比较,本研究所建立的多重PCRDHPLC具有更高的检测通量和灵敏度(能够同时检测5个基因,灵敏度达到1 ng·μL-1),能够满足小麦转基因成分的高通量快速检测的要求,同时也为转基因产品检测提供了一种新的技术手段。 相似文献
4.
环状等温扩增技术快速检测转基因玉米MON863的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用环状等温扩增技术(Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification,LAMP),针对转基因玉米品系MON863中玉米基因组与外源基因结合处设计4条特异性引物,建立MON863的快速检测技术体系,并对时间、温度等反应条件及体系灵敏度、特异性等进行探索。结果表明:该检测体系最适反应温度为63℃,反应时间60 min,灵敏度是常规定性PCR的10倍。该检测方法具有高度的特异性和稳定性,操作方便、简单、省时。 相似文献
5.
6.
木瓜类半胱氨酸蛋白酶（PLCPs）作为一类重要的蛋白水解酶,在植物生长发育以及胁迫应答过程中都发挥着重要作用。本研究从抗、感赤霉病小麦品种差异表达基因谱中获得1个注释为RD21 Cysteine proteases的EST（表达序列标签）,以此序列检索小麦最新基因组数据库并设计引物,从小麦中克隆到3个基因,分别命名为TaRD21-2A、TaRD21-2B和TaRD21-2D,属于PLCPs RD21家族。序列分析表明,3个基因的开放阅读框长度分别为1 410、1 428和1 419 bp,分别编码469、475和472个氨基酸。序列比对发现,3个基因的序列相似性为89.3％,所编码蛋白的氨基酸序列相似性为95.6％。系统进化分析表明,TaRD21-2A、TaRD21-2B和TaRD21-2D蛋白的同源性较高,且与乌拉尔图小麦TuRD21A蛋白聚为一类。qRT-PCR分析表明,3个TaRD21基因均受水杨酸(SA)、乙烯利(ETH)以及赤霉病菌诱导表达;感病品种中,TaRD21-2A对SA和赤霉病菌的响应更迅速,且表达量较高;抗病品种中,TaRD21-2B和TaRD21-2D基因对ETH的响应更迅速。 相似文献
7.
小麦WRKY转录因子在抗旱抗逆等方面有重要作用。为小麦抗旱抗逆分子模块组装育种提供参考,本研究在已有小麦TaWRKY2基因cDNA序列（GenBank登录号：EU665425）的基础上,从小麦品种晋麦79号中克隆获得TaWRKY2基因全长序列,并对TaWRKY2的基因结构、基因组信息进行研究,同时检测其在部分小麦亲缘种、黄淮麦区水旱地代表品种、本课题组选育的高代品系及部分水旱地杂交组合F1代中的分布。结果表明,克隆所得到的TaWRKY2基因全长DNA序列包含4个外显子和3个内含子,其中,3个内含子长度变化范围为111~172 bp;外显子和内含子的交接处序列符合GT-AG原则;与乌拉尔图小麦（Triticum urartu,AA）和粗山羊草（Aegilops tauschii,DD）中的片段序列同源性分别为93%和99%,与中国春小麦（AABBDD）1AS、1BS和1DS染色体的片段序列同源性分别为93%、88%和99%。除野生一粒小麦外,在小麦进化祖先种、黄淮海水旱地推广的代表品种、课题组选育的高代品系及F1代共78份材料中,都能够检测出该基因的普遍存在,说明该基因可应用于小麦抗旱抗逆分子设计育种中。 相似文献
8.
株高作为小麦育种的重要指标,对产量具有较大的影响。为进一步挖掘小麦株高的数量性状位点（quantitative trait loci,QTL）,本研究以扬麦12和偃展1号杂交得到的包含205个家系的重组自交系（recombinant inbred lines,RIL）群体为材料,利用小麦55K SNP芯片构建高密度遗传图谱,结合 3年共6个环境的表型数据对株高性状进行QTL定位分析。结果表明,在染色体2B（1）、4B（1）、4D（1）、5A（1）、5B（1）和7D（2）上共检测到7个与株高相关的QTL。QPh.yaas-4B、QPh.yaas-5A和QPh.yaas-7D.1的矮秆效应来源于扬麦12,其余4个QTL的矮秆效应来源于偃展1号。在6个环境下都能检测到的位点是QPh.yaas-4B和QPh.yaas-4D,对株高的贡献率分别14.50%~24.09%和19.01%~29.80%,经过比对发现,这2个QTL分别是Rht1和Rht2。QPh.yaas-5A在5个环境下被检测到,对株高的贡献率为3.29%~5.36%;QPh.yaas-2D和QPh.yaas-7D.2在4个环境中均被检测到,对株高的贡献率分别为3.45%~6.14%和3.16%~4.10%;QPh.yaas-5B和QPh.yaas-7D.1分别在2个和3个环境中被检测到,对株高的贡献率分别是2.27%~5.09%和2.72%~4.82%。QTL比较分析后发现,QPh.yaas-7D.1和QPh.yaas-7D.2可能是新的株高位点。研究Rht-B1和Rht-D1对千粒重、穗长和穗粒数的效应,发现Rht-B1位点对这些农艺性状无显著效应,Rht-D1位点仅对千粒重有显著效应,其株高增效等位变异可显著增加千粒重。在自然群体中验证Rht-B1和Rht-D1的效应结果与RIL群体结果一致。 相似文献
9.
为了给新疆小麦面筋品质改良提供参考依据,利用多重PCR体系对267份新疆冬、春小麦品种中1BL/1RS易位和 Dx5基因的分布进行了检测,并测定了其中181份小麦品种的面粉蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、Zeleny沉淀值以及面团特性等品质性状。结果表明,新疆小麦品种中,1BL/1RS易位品种有55份,占20.6%,含有 Dx5基因的品种有76份,占28.5%。冬小麦品种中1BL/1RS易位系分布频率（26.6%）显著高于春小麦（9.6%）,而春小麦品种中 Dx5基因的分布频率（31.9%）高于冬小麦（26.6%）。在新疆小麦农家品种、引进品种和自育成品种中,1BL/1RS易位和 Dx5基因的分布频率也存在明显差异。分析表明,1BL/1RS和非1BL/1RS小麦品种的主要面筋品质性状（如Zeleny沉淀值、峰值高度、8 min宽度等）达到显著性差异（P＜0.05）,1BL/1RS小麦中含 Dx5和不含 Dx5基因品种的面筋指数、Zeleny沉淀值、峰值时间和8 min面积等5个参数差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05）。多重PCR体系检测结果可靠稳定,节省实验经费和时间,提高了效率,可用于小麦分子辅助育种。 相似文献
10.
DNA去甲基化酶（dMTase）是一种高度保守的表观遗传修饰因子,涉及许多生物学过程,包括生长发育、应激反应和次生代谢。本研究基于小麦基因组数据,对小麦 DNA去甲基化酶基因（TadMTase）进行了全面鉴定和生物信息学分析。结果表明,小麦基因组中包含18 个TadMTase基因,分布于小麦15条染色体上。系统进化分析将TadMTase分为 ROS、DML3、DML4 和 DML5等 4个亚家族,亚家族之间的TadMTase基因序列长度和内含子数量存在差异,但同一个系统进化树分支中的亚族成员具有高度相似的基因结构、保守 motifs 和结构域,为植物dMTase基因家族的直系同源基因,在进化方面具有保守性。亚细胞定位预测TadMTase均定位于细胞核中;通过与小麦祖先物种的进化及共线性分析,发现在小麦异源六倍体形成过程中存在部分TadMTase基因丢失;TadMTase基因家族启动子区域包含大量光信号、植物激素、胁迫响应和生长发育等相关顺式作用元件;转录组数据分析表明TadMTase基因在不同组织器官和籽粒发育不同时期表达模式不同,有一定的组织特异性。进一步RNA-Seq和荧光定量PCR分析表明TaROS1b-1A.1和TaROS1a-5A/D分别在籽粒的种皮和胚乳发育时期显著上调表达,且在强筋和弱筋小麦品种中表达存在差异。结果为TadMTase 基因在调控小麦籽粒生长发育及其品质形成中的调控机制提供参考。 相似文献
11.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
14.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
15.
先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
16.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
17.
David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献
18.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating
that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of
Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct
differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca. 相似文献
19.
核氧还蛋白（nucleoredoxin,NRX）可通过还原目标蛋白的二硫键来调控其生物活性,在植物的生长发育和抗逆境胁迫中发挥着重要作用。蛋白质二硫键异构酶（protein disulfide isomerase,PDI）、h型硫氧还蛋白（h-type thioredoxin,TRXh）和蛋白磷酸酶2A催化亚基（protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit,PP2Ac）是小麦核氧还蛋白TaNRX1的互作蛋白。为了明确TaNRX1互作蛋白的抗旱性功能,本研究在拟南芥中过表达了小麦 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因,对野生型和转基因拟南芥的表型和抗旱相关生理指标进行了鉴定。结果表明,干旱胁迫处理后,转 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因拟南芥的根长、存活率、脯氨酸含量均大于野生型,离体叶片失水率、丙二醛（MAD）含量均小于野生型。二氨基联苯胺（diaminobenzidine,DAB）对H2O2组织定位染色结果表明,干旱胁迫处理后,转 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因拟南芥的H2O2含量均低于野生型。上述结果说明,TaNRX1的互作蛋白基因 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D增强了拟南芥对于干旱胁迫的抵抗能力。本研究可为小麦抗旱育种提供候选基因和理论基础。 相似文献
20.
采用网格式取样200株玉米,整株剖秆调查亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和棉铃虫在玉米上的数量,用地统计学的方法分析和模拟它们在田间的水平分布;采用生态位理论分析3种害虫在玉米植株上的生态位和种间竞争。结果表明,亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和3种鳞翅目害虫整体在玉米田中的水平分布分别适合球形、高斯、球形模型拟合,均属于聚集分布。Kriging插值模拟图显示,亚洲玉米螟和桃蛀螟为核心分布型;在垂直分布上,雌穗上3种害虫数量最多,占总虫量的69.82%。亚洲玉米螟的基础生态位宽度最大,在整株玉米上都可危害;桃蛀螟则主要在玉米中、上部;棉铃虫基础生态位最窄,只在雌穗附近危害。3种害虫在玉米茎秆上种间竞争激烈,异种害虫无法共存;雌穗上种间竞争程度小于茎秆,异种害虫可以共存。 相似文献