共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
利用废弃物互花米草厌氧发酵渣为原料,以H3PO4为活化剂,于N2保护下,在不同的活化温度（400~700℃）和剂料质量比（0.5~3.0）条件下制备活性炭,以低温液氮（N2/77.4 K）吸附测定活性炭的比表面积、孔容及孔径分布,以FTIR、pHPZC测定分析活性炭表面化学性质;以亚甲基蓝为特征污染物,考察所制备的活性炭成品的吸附能力。结果表明,随着剂料质量比的增大,活性炭孔径分布变宽,中孔所占比例增大;在所考察的活化温度范围内,活性炭N2吸附容量大小与BET比表面积呈现相同的趋势。活化温度为500℃、剂料质量比为2.0条件下所制备的活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能良好,最大吸附容量可达243.90 mg.g-1,符合Langmuir吸附等温模型。亚甲基蓝Langmuir最大吸附容量与活性炭BET比表面积存在一定的线性关系。该活性炭制备方法为互花米草厌氧发酵渣的综合利用找到了新的途径。 相似文献
2.
鉴于以含氮生物质为原料,采用炭化碱活化两步法制备掺氮活性炭的工艺较长,该研究以大豆渣为原料,K2CO3为活化剂,尝试采用炭活化一步法制备含极微孔的掺氮活性炭,并考察活化温度对活性炭化学组成、孔结构及低压CO2吸附性能的影响。研究表明,该方法可用于制备富含极微孔的掺氮活性炭。当活化温度从560℃升高到650℃时,1)活性炭的氮元素皆均匀分布在体相及表面,其质量分数(4.1%~4.4%)变化不大,而其化学状态发生变化;2)比表面积、总孔容、微孔孔容均呈单调递增,但极微孔孔容先增大后减小。活化温度为600℃的样品,极微孔孔容较大(0.13 m L/g),极微孔主要集中在0.42~0.70 nm,微孔孔容、总孔容、比表面积分别为0.40 m L/g、0.43 m L/g、948 m2/g。该样品在10 k Pa、0℃下的CO2吸附量达1.94 mmol/g,CO2/N2表观选择性为41.6,说明它对低压CO2能同时展现出较高的吸附量及表观选择性。该研究为含氮活性炭的便捷制备提供了参考。 相似文献
3.
文冠果壳基活性炭制备工艺优化与性能表征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
文冠果壳为文冠果榨油后的废弃物,为避免环境污染,充分利用这种废弃物制成高附加值的活性炭,该研究以文冠果壳为原料,采用磷酸活化法制备活性炭,以固液比、磷酸浓度、活化时间和活化温度为自变量,活性炭的碘吸附值为因变量,经响应面试验优化制备工艺,探究文冠果壳活性炭的吸附性能。结果表明,通过响应面试验优化得到最佳工艺条件：固液比1∶1 g/mL,磷酸浓度71%,活化时间158 min,活化温度540℃,此时碘吸附值为(1 127.377±2.406) mg/g,与预测的碘吸附值误差仅为0.390%。与文冠果壳相比,经活化得到的活性炭水分和灰分明显降低,C元素质量分数升高至69.702%;活性炭的比表面积为841.438 m2/g,总孔容为0.593 cm3/g,平均孔径为4.361 nm,孔隙结构发达,主要以介孔为主,且官能团主要为羰基。因此可以用文冠果壳制备出吸附性能好的活性炭,该结果可为磷酸活化法制备文冠果壳基活性炭的工业化生产提供一定参考。 相似文献
4.
稻壳炭提取SiO2及制备活性炭联产工艺 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
为了利用气化发电的固体产物稻壳炭,通过单因素试验,研究了稻壳炭同时提取二氧化硅及制备活性炭工艺技术,得出优化的工艺条件:质量分数20%的K2CO3溶液与稻壳炭原料的液固比为15mL/g,煮溶温度100℃,煮溶时间3.5h;稻壳炭的炭化温度是450℃,活化温度850℃,活化时间2h;SiO2的陈化温度为3℃、陈化时间3h。此条件下制备的稻壳基活性炭得率39.34%、碘吸附值978.35mg/g、亚甲基兰吸附值12mL/0.1g;二氧化硅得率25.77%、白度89.91%。试验表明该工艺制备出的稻壳基活性炭及二氧化硅产品的质量均达到了国家标准的要求,同时为稻壳炭的高效、无公害及资源化利用提供了一条可循的途径。 相似文献
5.
稻壳炭制备工艺参数对吸附性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以稻壳为原料，采用水热法制备稻壳炭，将稻壳炭用于吸附印染废水中亚甲基蓝。利用XRD、SEM、TG、FT-IR等手段对稻壳炭进行表征分析，探究炭化温度和炭化时间对稻壳炭理化性质和亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响。结果表明，炭化温度是影响稻壳炭吸附性能的重要因素，炭化温度为180～220 ℃，稻壳炭对亚甲基蓝去除率高于90%，亚甲基蓝的吸附量大于6.27 mg/g，其中，炭化温度为200 ℃、炭化时间为8 h，稻壳炭结构完整，孔隙结构良好，含氧官能团数量较多，吸附活性点位较多，对亚甲基蓝吸附性能较好，去除率和吸附能力分别为93.04%和6.62 mg/g。随着RH-200-8稻壳炭再生次数的增加，稻壳炭的去除率略有下降，RH-220-8-3（即稻壳炭使用第3次）的亚甲基蓝去除率达82.20%（10 h）。 相似文献
6.
为了满足人们对新型储能设备的需求,以生物质尤其是农林废弃物基炭材料作为电极材料的超级电容器备受关注。该研究以农业废弃物材料刀豆壳作为前驱体,采用KOH活化方法制备高比面积活性炭并作为超级电容器电极材料。以材料比电容为响应值,活化温度和活化比例为试验因素,采用中心复合设计方法(CCD,Central Composite Design)进行响应面优化研究,并探究在最佳工艺条件下制备的活性炭的电化学性能。研究结果表明:活化温度和活化比例对刀豆壳活性炭材料的比电容均具有显著影响。优化得到的最优工艺参数为活化温度694℃,活化比例4.17∶1。验证试验得到刀豆壳活性炭材料的平均比电容为254 F/g,与预测值基本吻合。同时对活性炭进行了性能表征,采用扫描电镜(SEM,Scanning Electron Microscope)和透射电镜(TEM,Transmission Electron Microscope)观察活性炭的形貌特征,通过氮气吸-脱附测试研究了炭材料的孔隙结构,结果表明:刀豆壳活性炭材料表面分布大量纳米孔,最大比表面积可达3 129 m~2/g,总孔容达1.68 cm~3/g,微孔孔容达0.96 cm~3/g,有利于电解液流通和电解质离子吸附。 相似文献
7.
棉秆与污泥共热解制备生物炭工艺优化及其结构与吸附性能 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着经济的发展,产量巨大的棉秆与污泥亟需找到新的资源化方式。该研究利用污泥与棉秆共热解制备炭,采用正交试验法全面考察与分析了各因素对污泥-棉秆炭吸附性能以及表面结构的影响。结果表明,污泥质量分数、KOH浓度、微波功率、辐照时间以及装填量均会显著影响污泥-棉秆炭的吸附性能、表面官能团以及孔结构。优化工艺参数为:污泥质量分数30%,微波功率280 W,辐照时间24 min,KOH质量分数50%,装填量150 g,在该工艺条件可制备获得综合吸附性能较优的污泥-棉秆炭,其亚甲基蓝、酸性品红、硫酸铜以及碘的吸附值分别达到157.80、293.39、272.12、1 281.93 mg/g。污泥-棉秆炭的吸附性能可达到或超过国家木质净水用活性炭一级品的标准,但吸附质与炭的结构特性均会影响其吸附性能。酸性官能团总量与孔容分别与酸性品红吸附值及硫酸铜吸附值显著相关,其他结构参数与吸附性能相关性不显著,污泥-棉秆炭对污染物的吸附并不只是单一的物理吸附或化学吸附。该研究结果对于定向设计高效的棉秆-污泥炭基吸附剂具有参考价值。 相似文献
8.
9.
秸秆微波水热炭和活性炭理化及电化学特性 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
为了解秸秆微波酸催化水热炭和碱活化活性炭形成机制和理化特性演变规律,该研究开展了不同柠檬酸质量分数下的秸秆微波水热和活性炭的制备试验,并研究了水热炭和活性炭理化及其电化学特性。结果表明,随柠檬酸质量分数的增加,秸秆水热炭的产率、挥发份和H含量减少,而其灰分、固定碳、C和高位热值增加,且酸质量分数为10%后趋于稳定。柠檬酸质量分数为10%时,水热炭的碳微球结构最丰富,其比表面积和孔体积最大,且以中孔为主。10%柠檬酸水热炭在900℃下经KOH活化后的活性炭产率为8%～11%,活化气体产率为32%～35%,且以CO和H_2为主。900℃活性炭的比表面积为1 250～1 570 m~2/g,总孔体积为1.00～1.20 cm3/g,孔径为3.55～4.10 nm,且以中孔和微孔为主。当电流密度为1 A/g,水稻、玉米和油菜秸秆活性炭的比电容分别为160.54、150.12和155.17 F/g,且循环5 000次后的电容保持率分别为91.04%、88.12%和89.06%,表现出较好的循环稳定性。水稻秸秆水热炭和活性炭的产率、灰分、碳转化率、能量转化率、比表面积、总孔体积、比电容和电容保持率最大。 相似文献
10.
为实现农业废弃物的资源化利用,该文以稻壳为原料、K2CO3为活化剂制备稻壳基活性炭。采用Plackett-Burman(P-B)和中心复合设计(central composite design,CCD)法对影响稻壳基活性炭得率和碘吸附性能的5个工艺因素进行筛选和优化,确定样品得率和碘吸附值的预测模型,并进行验证。结果表明,所建立的稻壳基活性炭得率和碘吸附值回归方程的决定系数R2分别为0.90和0.85,影响样品得率的主要因素为:活化温度活化时间K2CO3浓度,影响样品碘吸附值的主要因素为:活化温度K2CO3浓度活化时间,浸渍体积比和浸渍时间影响不显著;经CCD法建立的稻壳基活性炭得率和碘吸附值的预测模型极显著(P0.0001,P0.01),决定系数R2可达0.92和0.90,活化温度和活化时间之间存在较强的交互作用。优化后的工艺条件为:活化温度1029.17 K、K2CO3浓度1.95 mo L/L、活化时间1.17 h、浸渍体积比3,浸渍时间11 h,其得率和碘吸附值的预测值分别为13.61%、1058.83 mg/g,与实测值(14.53%、1021.30mg/g)的误差仅为6.33%、3.67%,拟合性良好,说明运用CCD法对稻壳基活性炭制备工艺的优化是准确可靠的。该结果可为K2CO3活化法制备稻壳基活性炭的工业化生产提供一定的参考。 相似文献
11.
Luana A. R. Giusto Fábio L. Pissetti Talita S. Castro Fabiano Magalhães 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(7):249
Sugarcane bagasse soot is an agro-industrial residue rich in carbon that can be transformed into value-added materials, such as activated carbons. Therefore, this work aimed at producing activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse soot, using CO2 at 800, 850, and 900 °C, and investigating its efficiency to adsorb methylene blue as model contaminant. The results showed that the surface area and pore volume increased in the obtained carbons, with high specific areas (up to 829 m2/g), and the isotherms of the N2 adsorption describe mesoporous materials. The morphology of the prepared activated carbons showed that sugarcane bagasse soot and the activated carbons kept the fibrous structure of sugarcane bagasse, but after activation, they have cavities that resemble a honeycomb. Adsorption studies with methylene blue dye showed that the activation process resulted in adsorption capacities up to 11 times higher than sugarcane bagasse soot, which is comparable with commercial activated carbon. Dye adsorption kinetics could be described by a pseudo-second-order dependency in the studied materials, and the adsorption isotherms were better fitted by the Langmuir model. It is emphasized that cost-effective materials that are similar to commercial activated carbon were obtained. 相似文献
12.
Yu-Yong Cui Guo-Hua Yang Gui-Hui Xiao Jiang-Hua Zhou Guo-Zhu Ding Xue-Jun Pan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(4):160
A novel bag filter + powdered activated carbon technique is here proposed to address the low utilization rate of powdered activated carbon and the low dioxin removal rate associated with the conventional activated carbon injection + bag filter technique, better known as the fly ash + activated carbon + bag technique. In this method, dibenzofuran serves as a dioxin simulant. The effect of the adsorption temperature and dibenzofuran inlet concentration on the adsorption performance of activated carbon was studied using a filter cloth adsorption device with an inner diameter of 25 mm, and the adsorption performances of fly ash, activated carbon, and fly ash +5% activated carbon were compared. The results showed that activated carbon exhibited a higher adsorption efficiency and remained highly efficient longer than fly ash +5% activated carbon. When the dibenzofuran inlet concentration was 0.0956 g/m3 (about one million times the concentration of dioxin in the flue gas of incinerated waste), the duration of the high-efficiency (>90%) adsorption of the powdered activated carbon (thickness 1.2 mm) on the filter cloth was over 7 h. These results prove that the replacement of fly ash + activated carbon + filter bag with powdered activated carbon + bag filter can significantly improve the removal efficiency of the dioxin in waste incineration flue gas and the utilization rate of activated carbon. 相似文献
13.
Activated Carbon Produced from Waste Wood Pallets: Adsorption of Three Classes of Dyes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Daniel C. W. Tsang Jing Hu Mei Yi Liu Weihua Zhang Keith C. K. Lai Irene M. C. Lo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,184(1-4):141-155
Activated carbon was derived from waste wood pallets in Hong Kong via phosphoric acid activation and applied to adsorption of basic dye (methylene blue), acid dyes (acid blue 25 and acid red 151), and reactive dye (reactive red 23). The results showed that respective adjustment in phosphoric acid concentration, impregnation ratio, activation temperature, and activation time could maximize the surface area and pore volume of activated carbon. An increase of impregnation ratio or activation temperature significantly influenced the pore size distribution by expanding the porous structure and creating more macropores than micropores. The characterization of the carbon surface chemistry using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, however, revealed a decrease in the amount of several functional groups with increasing activation temperature. The physical properties (surface area and pore volume) of the wood waste-derived activated carbon (using 36% phosphoric acid with an impregnation ratio of 1.5 at an activation temperature of 550°C for 1.5 h) were comparable to those of commercial activated carbon (Calgon F400). The contrasting pH effects on the adsorption of different classes of dyes signified the importance of both electrostatic interaction and chemical adsorption, which correlated to pH-dependent dissociation of surface functional groups. It is noteworthy that the physical properties of activated carbon were insufficient to account for the observed dye adsorption behavior, whereas the surface chemistry of activated carbon and the nature and chemical structure of dyes were more important. The fast kinetics and high capacity of dye adsorption of wood waste-derived activated carbon suggest that production of activated carbon from different types of wood waste should merit further investigation. 相似文献
14.
以甘蔗渣为原料,采用ZnCl2活化的方法制取生物活性炭。通过对比得率和碘值,优化了制取活性炭的活化剂浓度、炭化温度和炭化时间,并通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和比表面积测定等仪器分析试验,探讨了活性炭制取过程中对强度和吸附稳定性的主要影响因素。结果表明,制取吸附稳定性好、强度高的活性炭优化条件为：活化剂ZnCl2浓度为2.0 mol·L^-1,活化剂与甘蔗渣的质量比为5∶1,活化时间为24 h,炭化温度为500 ℃,炭化时间为50 min,以N2作为保护气,流量为2.5 L·min-1。在上述条件下制得的活性炭的碘值为510 mg·g^-1,得率为35.4%,比表面积为653 m^2·g^-1,均孔径为2.4 nm,孔体积为 7.1×10^-2 cm^3·g^-1,可广泛应用于各种水处理领域。 相似文献
15.
Huu Tap Van Thi Minh Phuong Nguyen Vu Thi Thao Xuan Hoa Vu Tien Vinh Nguyen Lan Huong Nguyen 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(12):393
This study developed a new adsorbent, specifically activated carbon-loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-AC) by coating the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto activated carbon (AC). The obtained AgNPs-AC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The ability of AgNPs-AC to remove methylene blue (MB) was evaluated using different experimental factors, these being pH solution, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial MB concentration. Results indicated that the highest adsorption capacity of MB onto AgNPs-AC was obtained when the AC was loaded onto AgNPs at the impregnation ratio of 0.5% w/w for AC and AgNPs. The best conditions in which AgNPs-AC could remove MB were as follows: pH 10, contact time lasting 120 min, and adsorbent dose being 250 mg/25 mL solution. In this scenario, the maximum adsorption capacity of MB onto AgNPs-AC was 172.22 mg/g. The adsorption isothermal equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips models. The Sips equations had the highest correlation coefficient value (R2?=?0.935). The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models agree well with the dynamic behavior of the adsorption of dye MB on AgNPs-AC. 相似文献
16.
利用廉价的农业废弃物稻草秸秆,选择磷酸氢二铵为活化剂在不同的活化温度和预氧化条件下来制备活性炭。应用N2吸附－脱附等温曲线对产品表面孔结构进行表征,采用热重分析来研究稻草秸秆的活化过程。结果表明,同其他处理方法相比,先浸泡后预氧化处理并在700℃下活化制得的样品不但有最大的比表面积（1078．21m^2·g^-1）,其得率和碘吸附值也最大,分别为39．75％和636mg·g^-1热重分析表明磷酸氧二铵的浸泡可以增加稻草秸秆的热稳定性。不论是否经过预氧化,制得的样品平均孔径在2-3nm。（NH4）2HPO4的浸泡可以明显地增加样品的比表面积从而增加其吸附性能。 相似文献
17.
The kinetics and mechanism of methylene blue adsorption onto raw pine cone biomass (Pinus radiata) was investigated under various physicochemical parameters. The extent of the methylene blue dye adsorption increased with increases in initial dye concentration, contact time and solution pH but decreases with the amount of adsorbent, salt concentration and temperature of the system. Overall the kinetic studies showed that the methylene blue adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics among various kinetic models tested. The different kinetic parameters including rate constant, half-adsorption time and diffusion coefficient are determined at different physicochemical conditions. Equilibrium data were best represented by Langmuir isotherm among Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of pine cone biomass was 109.89 mg/g at 30°C. The value of separation factor, R L, from Langmuir equation and Freundlich constant, n, both give an indication of favourable adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (?G 0), standard enthalpy (?H 0), standard entropy (?S 0) and the activation energy (A) were calculated. A single-stage batch absorber design for the methylene blue adsorption onto pine cone biomass has been presented based on the Langmuir isotherm model equation. 相似文献
18.
糖蜜酒精废水中高浓度的硫酸盐会抑制生化处理产甲烷性能。该文采用活性炭、Ba Cl2·2H2O、Ca(OH)2及铁碳微电池法对糖蜜酒精废水中的硫酸盐进行预处理,并分析了预处理前后硫酸根及化学需氧量COD的变化,同时,也分析评价了几种方法对产气性能的影响。结果表明:在500.0 g糖蜜酒精废水中加入8.0 g活性炭,硫酸根去除率达80.0%以上,且产气性能相对最好,累计产气率可达437.3 m L/g。在500.0 g糖蜜酒精废水中,根据S元素含量和Ba SO4的分子组成比例,添加70%的化学试剂Ba Cl2·2H2O,能全部去除硫酸根,累计产气率可达483.2 m L/g,产气效果相对最好,同等条件下,添加70%的Ca(OH)2,硫酸根也能全部去除,累计产气率可达436.6 m L/g。铁碳微电池处理的糖蜜酒精废水,能有效抑制硫酸根的影响,并且可以提高废水的可生化性,累计产气率为451.0 m L/g,是对照处理293.1 m L/g的1.5倍。各处理效果的产气性能排序为70%Ba Cl2·2H2O铁碳微电池8.0 g活性炭吸附70%Ca(OH)2对照组。 相似文献