共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
Cirtain JW Golub L Lundquist L van Ballegooijen A Savcheva A Shimojo M Deluca E Tsuneta S Sakao T Reeves K Weber M Kano R Narukage N Shibasaki K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5856):1580-1582
Coronal magnetic fields are dynamic, and field lines may misalign, reassemble, and release energy by means of magnetic reconnection. Giant releases may generate solar flares and coronal mass ejections and, on a smaller scale, produce x-ray jets. Hinode observations of polar coronal holes reveal that x-ray jets have two distinct velocities: one near the Alfvén speed ( approximately 800 kilometers per second) and another near the sound speed (200 kilometers per second). Many more jets were seen than have been reported previously; we detected an average of 10 events per hour up to these speeds, whereas previous observations documented only a handful per day with lower average speeds of 200 kilometers per second. The x-ray jets are about 2 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(4) kilometers wide and 1 x 10(5) kilometers long and last from 100 to 2500 seconds. The large number of events, coupled with the high velocities of the apparent outflows, indicates that the jets may contribute to the high-speed solar wind. 相似文献
2.
Cratering flow calculations for a series of oblique to normal (10 degrees to 90 degrees ) impacts of silicate projectiles onto a silicate halfspace were carried out to determine whether or not the gas produced upon shock-vaporizing both projectile and target material would form a downstream jet that could entrain and propel SNC meteorites from the Martian surface. The difficult constraints that the impact origin hypothesis for SNC meteorites has to satisfy are that these meteorites are lightly to moderately shocked and yet have been accelerated to speeds in excess of the Martian escape velocity (more than 5 kilometers per second). Two-dimensional finite difference calculations were performed that show that at highly probable impact velocities (7.5 kilometers per second), vapor plume jets are produced at oblique impact angles of 25 degrees to 60 degrees and have speeds as great as 20 kilometers per second. These plumes flow nearly parallel to the planetary surface. It is shown that upon impact of projectiles having radii of 0.1 to 1 kilometer, the resulting vapor jets have densities of 0.1 to 1 gram per cubic centimeter. These jets can entrain Martian surface rocks and accelerate them to velocities greater than 5 kilometers per second. This mechanism may launch SNC meteorites to earth. 相似文献
3.
Margon B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,215(4530):247-252
A variety of recent optical, radio, and x-ray observation have confirmed the hypothesis that the peculiar star SS 433 is ejecting two narrow, opposed, highly collimated jets of matter at one-quarter the speed of light. This unique behavior is probably driven by mass exchange between a relatively normal star and a compact companion, either a neutron star or a black hole. However, numerous details regarding the energetics, radiation, acceleration, and collimation of the jets remain to be understood. This phenomenon may well be a miniature example of similar collimated ejection of gas by active extragalactic objects such as quasars and radio galaxies. 相似文献
4.
Fender RP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,288(5475):2326
Relativistic outflows or "jets" are collimated streams of high-energy electrons that emit synchrotron radiation at radio wavelengths and have bulk velocities that are a substantial fraction of the speed of light. They trace the outflow of enormous amounts of energy and matter from a central supermassive black hole in distant radio galaxies. As Fender explains in this Perspective, much smaller, more local sources may also produce such jets. Data presented by Paredes et al. point toward association of one such source, a relatively faint x-ray binary, with a gamma-ray source. This and similar pairs may contribute substantially to the production of high-energy particles and photons within our galaxy. 相似文献
5.
Aharonian F Akhperjanian AG Aye KM Bazer-Bachi AR Beilicke M Benbow W Berge D Berghaus P Bernlöhr K Boisson C Bolz O Borrel V Braun I Breitling F Brown AM Bussons Gordo J Chadwick PM Chounet LM Cornils R Costamante L Degrange B Dickinson HJ Djannati-Ataï A Drury LO Dubus G Emmanoulopoulos D Espigat P Feinstein F Fleury P Fontaine G Fuchs Y Funk S Gallant YA Giebels B Gillessen S Glicenstein JF Goret P Hadjichristidis C Hauser M Heinzelmann G Henri G Hermann G Hinton JA Hofmann W Holleran M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5735):746-749
X-ray binaries are composed of a normal star in orbit around a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole. Radio and x-ray observations have led to the presumption that some x-ray binaries called microquasars behave as scaled-down active galactic nuclei. Microquasars have resolved radio emission that is thought to arise from a relativistic outflow akin to active galactic nuclei jets, in which particles can be accelerated to large energies. Very high energy gamma-rays produced by the interactions of these particles have been observed from several active galactic nuclei. Using the High Energy Stereoscopic System, we find evidence for gamma-ray emission of >100 gigaelectron volts from a candidate microquasar, LS 5039, showing that particles are also accelerated to very high energies in these systems. 相似文献
6.
Corbel S Fender RP Tzioumis AK Tomsick JA Orosz JA Miller JM Wijnands R Kaaret P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5591):196-199
We have detected, at x-ray and radio wavelengths, large-scale moving jets from the microquasar XTE J1550-564. Plasma ejected from near the black hole traveled at relativistic velocities for at least 4 years. We present direct evidence for gradual deceleration in a relativistic jet. The broadband spectrum of the jets is consistent with synchrotron emission from high-energy (up to 10 tera-electron volts) particles that were accelerated in the shock waves formed within the relativistic ejecta or by the interaction of the jets with the interstellar medium. XTE J1550-564 offers a rare opportunity to study the dynamical evolution of relativistic jets on time scales inaccessible for active galactic nuclei jets, with implications for our understanding of relativistic jets from Galactic x-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei. 相似文献
7.
Gamma-ray spectral lines have recently been reported coming from the celestial object SS 433, which is known to emit high-speed jets in opposite directions. The proposed identification of the lines as coming from fusion reactions on nitrogen nuclei as part of the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle operating in the jets has now received observational support. Predictions of strengths and widths of additional lines which, if seen, would provide valuable new information about conditions giving rise to the jets are presented. 相似文献
8.
针对4LZ–0.8型小型水稻联合收割机在清选过程中存在的清选损失较大以及连续作业时湿物料易堵塞问题,对其分离清选装置进行了改进设计。改进后的装置由物料输送机构、扬谷器、旋风分离清选筒以及吸杂风机组成,去除了原有刮板抛送机构,在旋风分离筒中加装了半球体分离组件,改物料径向进入分离筒为切向进入。利用自制旋风分离清选试验台,以扬谷器转速、吸杂风机转速、分离组件距入口高度为试验因素,以谷粒清洁率和清选损失率为性能评价指标,运用回归分析方法建立了清选系统的数学模型,优化确定了最佳参数组合。试验结果表明:当扬谷器转速为1 133 r/min,吸杂风机转速为2 609 r/min,分离组件距入口高度为51 mm时,谷粒清洁率达到98.93%,清选损失率为0.035%。 相似文献
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By using as sources supersonic jets of hydrogen or helium containing small concentrations of heavier molecules we have been able to obtain molecular beams with kinetic energies of the heavy molecules well into the range above I electron volt. A variety of molecules have been successfully accelerated. Intensities of 10(16) to 10(17) heavy molecules per steradian-second have been achieved at these high energies. 相似文献
11.
Carrasco-González C Rodríguez LF Anglada G Martí J Torrelles JM Osorio M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6008):1209-1212
Synchrotron emission is commonly found in relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and microquasars, but so far its presence in jets from young stellar objects (YSOs) has not been proved. Here, we present evidence of polarized synchrotron emission arising from the jet of a YSO. The apparent magnetic field, with strength of ~0.2 milligauss, is parallel to the jet axis, and the polarization degree increases toward the jet edges, as expected for a confining helical magnetic field configuration. These characteristics are similar to those found in AGN jets, hinting at a common origin of all astrophysical jets. 相似文献
12.
N Webb D Cseh E Lenc O Godet D Barret S Corbel S Farrell R Fender N Gehrels I Heywood 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6094):554-556
Relativistic jets are streams of plasma moving at appreciable fractions of the speed of light. They have been observed from stellar-mass black holes (~3 to 20 solar masses, M(⊙)) as well as supermassive black holes (~10(6) to 10(9) M(⊙)) found in the centers of most galaxies. Jets should also be produced by intermediate-mass black holes (~10(2) to 10(5) M(⊙)), although evidence for this third class of black hole has, until recently, been weak. We report the detection of transient radio emission at the location of the intermediate-mass black hole candidate ESO 243-49 HLX-1, which is consistent with a discrete jet ejection event. These observations also allow us to refine the mass estimate of the black hole to be between ~9 × 10(3) M(⊙) and ~9 × 10(4) M(⊙). 相似文献
13.
庄长融 《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1988,(1)
本文在某电厂循泵房整体水工模型试验基础上,提出了对于侧向进水布置形式的泵房,应以引河分流比来判别泵房能否正常取水的指标,以及改善前池流态的简易可行的工程措施途径,同时从二维平面淹没自由紊动射流理论出发,绘制前池水流平面图,以作为确定八字型布置导流墩的位置和主要尺寸的依据。 相似文献
14.
Shibata K Nakamura T Matsumoto T Otsuji K Okamoto TJ Nishizuka N Kawate T Watanabe H Nagata S Ueno S Kitai R Nozawa S Tsuneta S Suematsu Y Ichimoto K Shimizu T Katsukawa Y Tarbell TD Berger TE Lites BW Shine RA Title AM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5856):1591-1594
The heating of the solar chromosphere and corona is a long-standing puzzle in solar physics. Hinode observations show the ubiquitous presence of chromospheric anemone jets outside sunspots in active regions. They are typically 3 to 7 arc seconds = 2000 to 5000 kilometers long and 0.2 to 0.4 arc second = 150 to 300 kilometers wide, and their velocity is 10 to 20 kilometers per second. These small jets have an inverted Y-shape, similar to the shape of x-ray anemone jets in the corona. These features imply that magnetic reconnection similar to that in the corona is occurring at a much smaller spatial scale throughout the chromosphere and suggest that the heating of the solar chromosphere and corona may be related to small-scale ubiquitous reconnection. 相似文献
15.
Welch WJ Vogel SN Plambeck RL Wright MC Bieging JH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,228(4706):1389-1395
Young stellar objects of both high and low luminosity emit energetic jets or winds of material that are often highly collimated and often bipolar. Near the stars, turbulent swept-up gas is observed in the emission of interstellar molecules such as carbon monoxide, and small, bright regions of water maser emission and the nebulous bright patches known as Herbig-Haro objects appear to be participating in the outflows. There are striking changes in chemical abundances associated with the attendant shocks. Probably every star goes through this phase, which may mark the end of its period of accretion. 相似文献
16.
De Young DS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,225(4663):677-682
Observations now require that there be a continuous supply of energy to the giant extragalactic radio sources. These observations also suggest that this energy input may be in the form of streams or jets of gas emanating from the centers of galaxies and quasi-stellar objects. Current data indicate that the large-scale jet structures are not moving with relativistic speeds, as previously proposed. Slow-moving jets, which possess turbulent interiors and are dominated by relatively cool gas, can account for the observed jet properties at optical and radio wavelengths. Extremely small-scale jets observed adjacent to the central energy source may or may not be in relativistic motion. 相似文献
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18.
在当今社会生活中,协商已渗透到人类活动的各个方面,自动协商一直是多Agent领域研究的热点之一.近年来,一些学者采用具有非单调特征的回答集程序表示Agent知识,通过回答集程序的相互更新实现协商.虽然目前已经提出一些基于回答集程序的方法来解决协商问题,但这些研究并没有充分考虑协商最优解和协商过程复杂性之间的平衡问题.寻找基于回答集程序的协商解实际上至少是一个NP-难的搜索问题,而回答集程序的良基语义模型在多项式时间内可以计算得到.因此,本文利用良基语义,结合信念修正的思想对协商过程进行优化,从而提出了一个基于良基语义的双边协商模型.该模型可有效缩短协商过程,实现协商最优解和协商过程复杂性之间的平衡.最后,本文通过实验验证了协商模型的有效性和适用性. 相似文献
19.
Morphine in cow and human milk: could dietary morphine constitute a ligand for specific morphine (mu) receptors? 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
E Hazum J J Sabatka K J Chang D A Brent J W Findlay P Cuatrecasas 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,213(4511):1010-1012
Morphine has been found in cow and human milk at concentrations of 200 to 500 nanograms per liter. Multistep purification yields a material that has immunological, biological, pharmacological, and chemical properties identical to those of morphine. Similar morphine-like material, which has been tentatively identified in some common plant sources, may be a ubiquitous dietary constituent and a possible source for the material in milk. Since morphine (mu) receptors have a low affinity for enkephalins, and since morphine-like materials have been described in brain and intestine, it is possible that morphine in food may be the source of this material and a normal ligand specific for mu receptors. 相似文献
20.
Singer SF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,156(3778):1080-1083
The recent detection of radioactive Al(26) in marine sediments has led to the conclusion that it is brought into the earth's atmosphere by micrometeorites which have been exposed, in interplanetary space, to solar high-energy protons. The Al(26) method is not precise enough to yield directly a reliable value for the mass accretion rate to the earth to better than about 3 orders of magnitude, but is sufficiently accurate to allow a crucial decision between two widely differing of interplanetary dust which have been proposed to explain observations of the zodiacal light. The two models lead to Al(26) concentrations which would differ by about 5 orders of magnitude. Thus, the presence of Al(26) is consistent with the zodiacal dust model with particles of some tens of microns rather then with submicron particles. From this model a mass accretion to the earth then be calculated which is set at 1250 (upper limit, 2500; lower limit, 250) tons per day, or 2.8 x 10(-15) g/cm(2) sec, or 4.5 x 10(11) g over the earth per This value does not depend on the flux of the solar high-energy particles, which may be uncertain by an order of magnitude or more. The presence of Al(26) supports the idea that an important fraction of the dust is stony in composition material density, and thus eliminates some more exotic dust models, as such one consisting entirely of carbon grains. We may also conclude that the accreted dust particles have been in the solar system and exposed to protons from solar high-energy particles for a time interval which is greater than a significant of the Al(26) half-life (0.74 x 10(6) years). 相似文献