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乌桕籽综合开发利用概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了深入研究乌桕作为生物质能源的利用价值,笔者从乌桕籽蜡、仁、壳各部分利用价值等方面对乌桕籽的开发利用进行了阐述。通过综述乌桕籽所提取的皮油、梓油及籽壳的主要用途,对乌桕籽资源开发利用提出建议,从而解决实际应用中出现的问题,实现乌桕籽的高效利用。 相似文献
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《林产化学与工业》2015,(5)
采用微波催化快速裂解技术,以乌桕木油皂和乌桕梓油皂为原料,利用其强极性羧基端吸收微波迅速的特点,研究了其制备可再生燃油的技术。考察了裂解功率、裂解温度对裂解产物得率的影响。结果表明:裂解功率700 W,裂解温度450℃,乌桕木油皂和乌桕梓油皂微波裂解液体燃料的得率分别为75.26%和77.01%,GC-MS分析表明,产物的主要成分为C8~C18的正构烷烃、烯烃、环烷烃以及芳香烃等烃类化合物。产物的部分燃料油性能测定结果表明,乌桕木油皂裂解燃油比乌桕梓油皂裂解燃油热值略高,密度和运动黏度略低,基本符合0#柴油的标准,冷凝点和冷滤点均优于生物柴油,低温流动性好。 相似文献
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乌桕是我国重要木本油料树种之一。据估计,全省现有乌桕20万株,今后还将积极发展。乌桕种子100斤,外面桕蜡,可榨皮油（桕油）25—26斤,里面种仁,可榨青油（梓油）16-17斤。皮油可制肥皂,并可提取甘油和硬脂酸。青油可做油漆和油墨。榨皮油后的桕饼,可作饲料。榨青油后的梓饼,可作肥料。果壳和籽壳,可制(?)醛。木材纹理细致,坚韧耐用,可制家具农具和艺术雕刻。乌桕树叶含单宁,可作染料。乌桕花可以养蜂采蜜。乌桕树根还可入药。因此,发展乌桕,增产油料,对我省加速建成工业省和高产稳产农业基地,关系非常密切。 一、积极扩大新造乌桕林面积 一、坚持适地适树 相似文献
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怎样充分利用乌桕籽资源,开拓新的利用途径,提高乌桕经济价值,增强竞争能力,是促进乌桕生产进一步发展的重要课题之一。这对乌桕的生产者和经营者都有非常密切的关系。桕籽加工利用的现状和问题从全国来看,乌桕籽加工大体分为两类:一类是分离柞制的桕油和梓油,是制造优质肥皂、硬脂酸、提取甘油和生产油漆、 相似文献
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本研究将乌桕梓油基生物柴油和0#柴油进行掺烧动力试验,结果表明：乌桕梓油基生物柴油与0#柴油可以任意比掺混互溶,掺混燃烧的输出功率在相同的工况点没有明显差异,随着负荷的增大,输出功率略有下降。乌桕梓油基生物柴油的有效燃油消化率比柴油略高,在低配比下相当。因此,乌桕梓油基生物柴油可以作为柴油的替代品,不需对柴油机作任何调整,建议用乌桕梓油基生物柴油作柴油机燃油时以低配比掺混使用。 相似文献
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任何一种资源总是以其可利用部份的经济价值为目标来进行良种选育的,乌桕即以其种子可制取两种理化性质迥然不同而又用途各异的工业原料—桕脂(又称皮油)和桕油(又称梓油)一为目的而进行良种繁育。我国的乌桕油脂自三十年代始,梓油就一直作为油漆、油墨的主要原料,至今仍占重要位置;皮油是制皂、提取硬脂酸、甘油等工业的原料。至八十年代初,乌桕的开发利用,始引起国内外的关注,首先是皮油的开发利用,进而促进了与之相应的乌桕资源的调查研究与良种选育的加速。 相似文献
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到目前为止,人们对乌桕梓油中存在2,4——二烯十碳酸的认识,是基于 Potts.Devine 和Hilditch 等人的工作。Potts 首先发现乌桕梓油在紫外260μm 处有一特征吸收峰,随后 Devine 从梓油中分离出具有上述特征吸收峰的脂肪酸并测定了它的结构,这一结构随后被 Hildith 所证实。作者在从事乌桕梓油的研究过程中发现2,4——二烯十碳酸(2,4——decadienoic acid)在梓油 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献